scholarly journals Diversidad genética y relaciones filogenéticas del ganado criollo colombiano

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Moreno O. ◽  
James N. Derr ◽  
Nelson Bermúdez G. ◽  
Jorge Ossa L. ◽  
Luzardo Estrada L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
External Control ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Nei's Distance ◽  
Phylip Program

<p>La caracterización genética del ganado criollo colombiano (gcc) ha demostrado el valor de estas razas en los sistemas productivos tropicales, lo que ha despertado el interés para desarrollar programas de conservación y multiplicación. Se adelantó un estudio de análisis genético con las siete razas de ganado criollo colombiano, (rgcc): Blanco Orejinegro (BON), Romosinuano (R), Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC), Sanmartinero (SM), Chino Santandereano (Ch), Hartón del Valle (H) y Casanareño (Ca), utilizando el Cebú (C) como control, con el objeto de evaluar su diversidad genética y relaciones filogenéticas. Se usaron 7 microsatélites (STR) para establecer las distancias genéticas amplificadas mediante PCR. El tamaño de los loci se definió mediante marcaje con ɣ<sup>32</sup> P seguido de un pase en geles de poliacrilamida (PAGE) o marcados con fluorescencia y electroforesis capilar. Los datos se analizaron usando los programas Genepop, GDA y Phylip. El número promedio de alelos por locus fue de 8,9 y Ia heterocigosidad promedia observada fue de o,52. El árbol filogenético construido con el programa Phylip, empleando la distancia de Nei y el algoritmo de Neighbour-joining, agrupó en dos las gcc. En el grupo uno las razas: BON, SM, R, CCC y H; y en el grupo dos las razas: Ch, Ca y C. Los resultados de evaluación filogenética de las gcc indicaron que existe diversidad genética adecuada en estas razas para programas de mejoramiento genético; sin embargo, se recomienda continuar el estudio con un mayor número de marcadores genéticos.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Diversity and Phylogenetic Relations of Colombian Criollo Cattle.</strong></p><p>Studies of genetic characterisation of Colombian criollo cattle (gcc) has shown the value of these breeds in tropical production systems; consequently attention is noticeably growing to develop conservation and multiplication programs. A genetic analysis study was conducted including the seven criollo cattle breeds: Blanco Orejinegro (BON), Romosinuano (R), Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC), Sanmartinero (SM), Chino Santandereano (Ch), Hartón del Valle (H) and Casanareño (C), using Cebu as external control breed, with the purpose to evaluate genetic diversity and philogenetic relations. Seven microsatellite (STR) were used to detect length variations amplified by the PCR and sized by means of ɣ<sup>32</sup> P, runned in PAGE or tagged with a fluorescent dye and electrophoresis. Data were analysed using Genepop, GDA and Phylip programs. Mean number of alleles by loci were 8.9 and mean heterozygocity was o.52. The phylogenetic tree developed using Phylip program, the Nei's distance and the neighbour-joining aglorithm grouped in two the gcc. Group one included: Bon, SM, R,CCC and H, and the second group included Ch, Ca, C. Results of the phylogenetic relations of gcc showed that these breeds have adequate genetic diversity for breeding Programs; however we suggest to carry out studies including higher number of genetic markers.</p>

scholarly journals Maternal phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation among rare similar phenotype donkey breeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mazzatenta ◽  
Maurizio Caputo ◽  
Francesco De Sanctis ◽  
Jordi Mirò Roig ◽  
Domenico Robbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Similar Phenotype

AbstractMaternal inheritance is an indispensable aspect in donkey rare breed population biodiversity management and breeding programs. It is a challenge to characterize breeds genetic inheritance using morphology and historical records, we study mtDNA, to overcome those limitations. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing is a highly informative system to investigate maternal lineages and breed linkage such as molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships. Martina Franca, Ragusano, Pantesco and Catalonian donkey mtDNA sequencing analyses were used to study intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure, and to reconstruct phylogenetic relations among these geographically isolated breeds.A wide lost in variability among all breeds emerged. In this scenario, the primeval haplotypes, higher haplogroups variability and larger number of maternal lineages are preserved in Martina Franca and Ragusano. Accordingly, a putative pivotal role in the phyletic relationship is likely for such breeds.Given the level of endangerment undergone by these breeds, some actions are necessary to ensure their longtime survival and conservation. Improving the reproduction and management of existing populations, clarifying their historic interactions by studying the genetic status of their populations, extending and improving monitoring maternal lineages represent valid options.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of Turkish and Algerian native sheep breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Abdelkader AMEUR AMEUR ◽  
Onur YILMAZ ◽  
Nezih ATA ◽  
Ibrahim CEMAL ◽  
Semir Bechir Suheil GAOUAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Native Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
High Level

In Algeria and Turkey, the sheep production systems are based on the under extensive rural conditions and their genetic management has led to increased homozygosity and hence productivity loss. The identification of inter-breed and intra-breed genetic diversity plays a key role in the shaping of conservation and breeding programs. The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of native sheep breeds reared in Turkey and Algeria. A total of 240 animals from four Algerian (Hamra, Ouled Djellal, Sidaou, and Tazegzawt) and four Turkish (White Karaman, South Karaman, Karacabey Merino, and Kıvırcık) native sheep breeds were genotyped with fourteen microsatellite markers recommended by FAO. A total of 340 alleles were detected from fourteen markers studied. All the eight breeds exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, with a slight superiority of the Algerian sheep breeds. Overall FIS value was low, but highly significant (p &lt; 0.001). It may have been due to the high inbreeding within the population. The mean global coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) showed that approximately 94.0 % of the genetic variation was within-population. The highest number of private alleles with a frequency above 5 % was observed in Ouled Djellal sheep. Structure analysis of populations studied revealed the most appropriate K with four genetic clusters. As the result, the dendrogram showed that the Algerian sheep breeds were completely separated from the Turkish sheep breeds furthermore the Bayesian clustering revealed a high level of admixture, especially in Algerian sheep populations.

scholarly journals Genetic markers of moldovan tsigayand karakul sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
P. I. Lyutskanov ◽  
O. A. Mashner ◽  
N. S. Marzanov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Sheep Breeds

Aim. The study of the genetic structure of the two created Moldovan types of sheep – Tsigay wool-meat-dairy and karakul astrakhan -meat-and-milk types by the frequency of antigens, genotypes, alleles, homozygosity level and the number of effective alleles. Methods. Genetic analysis was performed using seven blood group systems (A, B, C, D, M, R, I) by the method of setting the hemolysis and agglutination reactions. Results. At MoldovanTsigay sheep, the frequency of antigens in blood group systems varies from 0.05 to 0.95. There are 38 genotypes and 20 alleles. The total homozygosity constituted 0.5393 and the efficacy per allele was 1.866. In contrast to the Tsigay sheep the Moldovan karakul sheep have 136 genotypes and 48 alleles, the total homozygosity is the same – 0.5230, and the efficiency per allele is almost twice higher – 3.3574. Conclusions.Genetic markers are useful in an objective assessment of genetic diversity and the degree of kinship of sheep breeds. Being an integral part of the genofondof the population, they provide valuable information about the changes occurring in it in the breeding process. Keywords: Sheep, antigens, genotypes, alleles, homozygosity.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of Turkish and Algerian native sheep breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Abdelkader AMEUR AMEUR ◽  
Onur YILMAZ ◽  
Nezih ATA ◽  
Ibrahim CEMAL ◽  
Semir Bechir Suheil GAOUAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Native Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
High Level

In Algeria and Turkey, the sheep production systems are based on the under extensive rural conditions and their genetic management has led to increased homozygosity and hence productivity loss. The identification of inter-breed and intra-breed genetic diversity plays a key role in the shaping of conservation and breeding programs. The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of native sheep breeds reared in Turkey and Algeria. A total of 240 animals from four Algerian (Hamra, Ouled Djellal, Sidaou, and Tazegzawt) and four Turkish (White Karaman, South Karaman, Karacabey Merino, and Kıvırcık) native sheep breeds were genotyped with fourteen microsatellite markers recommended by FAO. A total of 340 alleles were detected from fourteen markers studied. All the eight breeds exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, with a slight superiority of the Algerian sheep breeds. Overall FIS value was low, but highly significant (p &lt; 0.001). It may have been due to the high inbreeding within the population. The mean global coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) showed that approximately 94.0 % of the genetic variation was within-population. The highest number of private alleles with a frequency above 5 % was observed in Ouled Djellal sheep. Structure analysis of populations studied revealed the most appropriate K with four genetic clusters. As the result, the dendrogram showed that the Algerian sheep breeds were completely separated from the Turkish sheep breeds furthermore the Bayesian clustering revealed a high level of admixture, especially in Algerian sheep populations.

scholarly journals THE POLYMORPHISM OF THE POPULATION OF THE UKRAINIAN RIVER BUFFALO AT MICROSATELLITE DNA LOCI

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Guseev ◽  
О. V. Мelnyk ◽  
E. A. Gladyr ◽  
N. A. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
The World ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

According to the zoological classification Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are divided into two subspecies i.e. river buffalo and swamp buffalo. The river buffalo is bred in Ukraine. The water buffalo is a kind of farm animals, which has been used by the mankind as draft-cattle and for obtaining milk and meat for food since ancient times. Buffaloes have adapted to living in countries with hot humid climate, they are bred around the world, from tropical to temperate regions and even in highland areas. In many Asian countries they are used as financial guarantors for loans and as a financial asset that can be sold if necessary. The breeding of water buffaloes of Asian origin in livestock production does not compete with mankind in the food chain, because these farm animals are undemanding to fodder; they efficiently convert poor quality fodder, such as reed, sedge, shrub vegetation, straw of rice, of rye, of triticale, and of flax etc., and waste products of food and sugar industries caused by processing in foods with high biological value and production of biofertilizers for improving soil fertility and structure. Buffaloes are resistant to pyroplasmosis, anaplasmosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis, hoofed rot, diseases of the reproductive system and other diseases distributed within the species Bos Taurus taurus. Nowadays there are more than 182 million head of the buffalo in the world. Most of their population is concentrated in Asia and is 96.99% (174 mil. head) of the world number; the number in Egypt is 2.24% (3.7 mil. head), in America – 0.64% (4.3 mil. head) and in Europe – 0.15% (459 tsd. head). In Australia, the swamp buffalo is mainly bred, its number is from 70 tsd. to 200 tsd. head. Regardless of the geographical location of countries the buffalo population is intensively increasing in all the continents. During the period of 1961 – 2007 the number of buffalo increased by 54.05% or 85.84 mil. head in Asia, by 37.69% (2.48 mil. head) in Africa, by 6.14% (1.07 mil. head) in America. In Europe, the number of buffalo has declined from 0.73 to 0.25 mil. head or by 270.37%. Unfortunately, the trend of growth of the species Bubalus bubalis in North America and Europe is not observed, the main reason for that is still excessive enthusiasm to the breeding of Holstein cattle. The number of buffaloes in these two continents is less than 1% of the global number of the buffaloes, but thanks to the Italian breeders the reduction of the buffalo population in Europe could be stopped. Developed European countries, the USA, Canada, Israel etc. are gradually increasing buffalo herd and forming a new branch of cattle husbandry i.e. buffalo-breeding. In Ukraine, the number of buffaloes is not significant, but on the total amount of derived milk it is not inferior to the "supermilk" Holstein breed. Milk and meat derived from buffalo may be the basic foundation of organic products for the Ukrainian population. Therefore, the study of genetic diversity of buffaloes is particularly important. One way to study it is to use molecular genetic markers, including sequences of DNA polymorphism of which is caused by differences in the nucleotide sequences of different alleles at one locus. One of these types of genetic markers is microsatellite loci of the DNA. In recent years genetic characteristics of buffaloes with using microsatellites has acquired special distribution. This is confirmed by numerous studies of foreign authors. Despite a number of existing microsatellite loci used for research, genetic analysis with using buffalo microsatellite loci for cattle is very efficient. This paper presents the results of studies of genetic diversity of domestic buffalo population (Bubalus bubalis), the number of which decreased significantly in the recent decades in Ukraine. The material for these studies was 64 buffalo head, which are bred in «Golosеevo» farm, Kyiv region, and private households of residents of the Transcarpathian region. Genomic DNA was isolated from cartilage tissues from ears. Genetic analysis was performed using 11 microsatellite loci (BM1818, BM2113, BM1824, INRA023, ILST006, ETH10, ETH185, ETH225, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA227), which are recommended by ISAG for genotyping of cattle. The results of studies showed that the average number of alleles per locus was 6.55. The value of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.260 to 0.980, expected one ranged from 0.291 (BM2113) to 0.753 (TGLA227). All microsatellite loci except BM1818, ETH185 and BM2113 showed high level of polymorphism. The most polymorphic locus was TGLA227. Despite the limited number of buffaloes, in the studied population an excess of heterozygous genotypes at the level of 5.5% was established. It indicates the existence of high genetic variability of population. For TGLA126 was determined the largest excess of heterozygous genotypes – 34.2%, while for BM1818 was fixed maximum deficit of heterozygotes – 27.3%. Despite the use of microsatellite loci, which are recommended for cattle genotyping, the efficiency of their use for genetic analysis of buffaloes was very high (more than 99.99%). It indicates the ability and efficiency of use of selected microsatellite loci for allele pool evaluation and genetic diversity characterization of Ukrainian buffalo population.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ARABICA COFFEE GROWN IN POTASSIUM-CONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldênia de Melo Moura ◽  
Yaska Janaína Bastos Soares ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Paulo César de Lima ◽  
Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource

Potassium is a source of non-renewable natural resource, and is used in large quantities in coffee fertilization through basically imported formulations in the form of potassium chloride. An alternative to make production systems more sustainable would be obtaining cultivars more efficient in the use of this nutrient. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among 20 cultivars of coffee, in conditions of low availability of potassium to identify the best combinations for composing future populations to be used in breeding programs. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications of nutrient solution. Agronomic characteristics and efficiencies of rooting, absorption, translocation, biomass production and potassium utilization were evaluated. The clustering analysis was based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering algorithm (UPGMA) and canonical variables. Variability was observed for most treatments. The multivariate procedures produced similar discrimination of genotypes, with the formation of five groups. Hybridizations between the cultivar Icatu Precoce IAC 3283 with cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Araponga MG1, Caturra Vermelho IAC 477, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Rubi MG 1192 and Catucaí 785/15, and between the cultivar Tupi IAC 1669-33 with cultivars Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 and Oeiras MG 6851 are the most promising for obtaining segregating populations or heterotic hybrids in breeding programs aiming more efficiency in potassium utilization.

Genetic Analysis of Chinese Cucumber Collections in the U.S. National Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structures in Chinese Miniature Pigs Revealed by SINE Retrotransposon Insertion Polymorphisms, a New Type of Genetic Markers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Cai Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Wencheng Zong ◽  
Enrico D’Alessandro ◽  
Domenico Giosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
New Type

RIPs have been developed as effective genetic markers and popularly applied for genetic analysis in plants, but few reports are available for domestic animals. Here, we established 30 new molecular markers based on the SINE RIPs, and applied them for population genetic analysis in seven Chinese miniature pigs. The data revealed that the closed herd (BM-clo), inbreeding herd (BM-inb) of Bama miniature pigs were distinctly different from the BM-cov herds in the conservation farm, and other miniature pigs (Wuzhishan, Congjiang Xiang, Tibetan, and Mingguang small ear). These later five miniature pig breeds can further be classified into two clades based on a phylogenetic tree: one included BM-cov and Wuzhishan, the other included Congjiang Xiang, Tibetan, and Mingguang small ear, which was well-supported by structure analysis. The polymorphic information contents estimated by using SINE RIPs are lower than the predictions based on microsatellites. Overall, the genetic distances and breed-relationships between these populations revealed by 30 SINE RIPs generally agree with their evolutions and geographic distributions. We demonstrated the potential of SINE RIPs as new genetic markers for genetic monitoring and population structure analysis in pigs, which can even be extended to other livestock animals.

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