Design Guidelines of a Computer-Based Intervention for Computer Vision Syndrome: Focus Group Study and Real-World Deployment

Background Prolonged time of computer use increases the prevalence of ocular problems, including eye strain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, and double vision, which are collectively referred to as computer vision syndrome (CVS). Approximately 70% of computer users have vision-related problems. For these reasons, properly designed interventions for users with CVS are required. To design an effective screen intervention for preventing or improving CVS, we must understand the effective interfaces of computer-based interventions. Objective In this study, we aimed to explore the interface elements of computer-based interventions for CVS to set design guidelines based on the pros and cons of each interface element. Methods We conducted an iterative user study to achieve our research objective. First, we conducted a workshop to evaluate the overall interface elements that were included in previous systems for CVS (n=7). Through the workshop, participants evaluated existing interface elements. Based on the evaluation results, we eliminated the elements that negatively affect intervention outcomes. Second, we designed our prototype system LiquidEye that includes multiple interface options (n=11). Interface options included interface elements that were positively evaluated in the workshop study. Lastly, we deployed LiquidEye in the real world to see how the included elements affected the intervention outcomes. Participants used LiquidEye for 14 days, and during this period, we collected participants’ daily logs (n=680). Additionally, we conducted prestudy and poststudy surveys, and poststudy interviews to explore how each interface element affects participation in the system. Results User data logs collected from the 14 days of deployment were analyzed with multiple regression analysis to explore the interface elements affecting user participation in the intervention (LiquidEye). Statistically significant elements were the instruction page of the eye resting strategy (P=.01), goal setting of the resting period (P=.009), compliment feedback after completing resting (P<.001), a mid-size popup window (P=.02), and CVS symptom-like effects (P=.004). Conclusions Based on the study results, we suggested design implications to consider when designing computer-based interventions for CVS. The sophisticated design of the customization interface can make it possible for users to use the system more interactively, which can result in higher engagement in managing eye conditions. There are important technical challenges that still need to be addressed, but given the fact that this study was able to clarify the various factors related to computer-based interventions, the findings are expected to contribute greatly to the research of various computer-based intervention designs in the future.

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Design Guidelines of Computer-based Intervention for Computer Vision Syndrome: User Workshop and Deployment Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.22099 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Youjin Hwang ◽

Donghoon Shin ◽

Jinsu Eun ◽

Bongwon Suh ◽

Joonhwan Lee

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

User Study ◽

User Participation ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Interface Element ◽

Blurred Vision ◽

Interface Elements ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

In The Wild ◽

Computer Based

BACKGROUND Prolonged time of computer use increased the prevalence of ocular problems including eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, and double vision, collectively referred to as computer vision syndrome. Approximately 70 percent of computer users have vision-related problems. To design the effective screen intervention for preventing or improving computer vision syndrome, we must understand the effective interfaces of computer-based intervention (CBI). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to explore the interface elements of computer-based intervention for computer vision syndrome to set design guidelines based on pros/cons of each interface element. METHODS We conducted iterative user study to achieve our research goal. First, we conducted workshop to evaluate overall interface elements that are included in the previous systems for computer vision syndrome (N=7). Second, we designed and deployed our prototype LiquidEye with the multiple interface options to the users in the wild (N=11). Participants used LiquidEye for 14 days and during these period, we collected participants’ daily log (N=680). Also, we conducted pre and post survey and post-hoc interviews to explore how each interface element affects system acceptability. RESULTS We have collected 19 interface elements for designing intervention system for CVS from the workshop, then, deployed our first prototype LiquidEye. After deployment of LiquidEye, we conducted multiple regression analysis with the user data log to analyze significant elements affecting user participation of the LiquidEye. The significant elements include instruction page of eye rest strategy (P<.05), goal setting of resting period (P<.01), compliment page after user complete the resting (P<.0.001), middle-size popup window(P<.05), and symptom-like visual affect that alarms eye resting time (P<.0.005). CONCLUSIONS We suggest design implications to consider when designing CBI for computer vision syndrome. The sophisticated design of the customizing interface can make it possible for users to use the system more interactively which results in higher engagement and management of eye condition. There are important technical challenges still to address, but given the fact that this study has been able to sort out various factors related to computer-based intervention, it is expected to contribute greatly to the research of various CBI designs in the future.

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Level of Awareness, Perception And Uptake Of Interventions For Computer Vision Syndrome Among University Students, Maseno, Western Kenya

10.21203/rs.2.15734/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shadrack Muma ◽

Dickens Omondi Aduda ◽

Patrick Onyango

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Computer Vision ◽

University Students ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Computer Users ◽

Health Concern ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Study Results

Abstract Background Computer vision syndrome is a multi-factorial condition of the eye that results in symptoms of stress and discomfort among computer users. It causes chronic vision-related morbidity and reduced work productivity. Ninety percent and 75% of computer users globally and in Africa respectively suffer from CVS. It is an insidious chronic condition that however, has hitherto received little attention, both by health providers as well as computer users. Also, it is likely to be under diagnosed as it mimics other eye conditions. The risk factors for CVS include prolonged period of electronic device use and glare. In Kenya, lack of awareness of the disease is a key barrier to early detection, health seeking and use of interventions. The burden of CVS and how much computer users in learning institutions are aware of and perceive CVS remains unknown.Methods This study adopted cross-sectional study design to determine the level of awareness, perception of CVS, uptake of preventive measures by students at Maseno University. In total, we administered questionnaires to 384 randomly selected students.Results The mean age was 19.5 years (SD= 0.747) with 18-24 years as the modal age group. Females comprised 51.3% (n=197) and males 48.7%. Participants who had at least 5 symptoms of CVS were 60.4% (n= 232). Awareness level was classified as low in 47.8%; medium level in 38.2% and high level in 13.8% of respondents . Sixty percent of respondents did not perceive CVS as an issue of public health concern compared to 39.8% who perceived CVS as an issue of public health concern ( p=0.001). In terms of precautionary measures, only duration of computer use (46.2%, p = 0.001 ) were practiced. The study results show that at least 3 out of 5 students have at least five symptoms of CVS, whereas awareness of the disease and related risks remain low.Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that CVS is a less recognized health concern among university students. Consequently, screening for the disease sensitization of students on CVS and awareness campaigns to improve early recognition and diagnosis of disease as well as uptake of interventions is recommended.

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Effects of Electrochromic Glass on Computer Vision Syndrome

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931218621087 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 378-382

Author(s):

Alan Hedge ◽

Danny Nou

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Office Buildings ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Ambient Lighting ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Study Results ◽

Subjective Reports

Occupant surveys were conducted in 4 office buildings, 2 with traditional non-tinted low-e glass (LeG) and 2 with electrochromic glass (EC). 106 employees working in these buildings volunteered to participate in the study. Results showed that subjective reports of overall ambient lighting conditions were comparable in the buildings. However, EC optimizes daylight and reduces sunlight glare, and significantly more workers sat close to the windows in the EC buildings compared to the LeG buildings. Workers in the EC office buildings reported significantly better daylight, significantly less adverse glare, and significantly fewer symptoms of computer vision syndrome than those in the LeG buildings.

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COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: REVIEW AND METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT

Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) ◽

10.5272/jimab.2021272.3823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 3823-3825

Author(s):

Panayot N. Nikolov ◽

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Tear Film ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Blurred Vision ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Study Results ◽

Early Diagnose

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a combination of eye and vision problems associated with the use of digital devices. CVS affects the eyesight, visual comfort and occupational productivity of workers due to the different symptoms computer users and staff experience: ocular discomfort, headache, dry eye, blurred vision etc. Aim of the study: To assess the symptoms of CVS in a software company in Varna by subjective and objective tests and prescribe measures for prevention. Materials and methods: 40 participants-31 men and 9 women were distributed with a valid questionnaire regarding common symptoms of CVS. The group was tested with the Schirmer test to measure the tear film quantity. Participants have passed a medical exam by an ophthalmologist before the study. Results: - 11 or 27,5% of the participants in the questionnaire have reached score ≥6 – have CVS - 10 or 25 % of the participants in the Schirmer test have reached results < 5mm. in the tear strip - The gender distribution shows 3 women (33.33%) and 8(25.8%) of men have CVS by questionnaire study and 3(33.33%) of women and 7(22.6%) of men based on Schirmer test have dry eye as asymptom of CVS. Conclusion: The results of the study predispose to further evaluation and tracking of the symptoms of CVS among this occupational group. All of the participants are aware of Ordinance № 7 related to health and safety work conditions with VDT’s and received information regarding the physiological work-rest regime. Occupational risk of CVS can be reduced with early diagnose, assessment and prevention of the symptoms.

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Relationship between Computer Vision Syndrome and A Collection of Musculoskeletal Pain among Frequent Computer Users

Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes ◽

10.26911/the6thicph.05.24 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hari Peni Julianti ◽

◽

Trilaksana Nugroho ◽

Dea Amarilisa Adespin ◽

Arwinda Nugraheni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Computer Users ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome

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Study on Knowledge and Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among Computer Operators in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v9i2.33386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Pramod Sharma Gautam ◽

Uday Chandra Prakash ◽

Subreena Dangol

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Human Life ◽

College Teaching ◽

Extended Period ◽

Visual Display ◽

Work Place ◽

Medical College ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology

Background: The eye and vision related problems that results from continuous use of computers and other visual display terminals for extended period of time leads to computer vision syndrome. Due to rapid digitalization in human life, the risk of developing it has also increased in many folds. So, with an aim of determining the prevalence and level of awareness of computer vision syndrome among computer users along with their attitude and practices to prevent it, this study was conducted in the office employees who use computer for a considerable period of time. Materials and Methods: A hospital based observational descriptive study was conducted in the out-patient department of Ophthalmology in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, where 105 employees working in different work stations of same institution were enrolled. A questionnaire and the clinical findings were used to collect data. Results: About 80% of the employees were using computer for about (8-11) hours per day. Prevalence of computer vision syndrome noted was (92.4%) with low level of knowledge (85.7%) about it. About 45% of them wore glasses for their refractive errors but attitude and practices in work place to prevent the bad effects of using visual display terminals were found to be lacking (53.3%). Burning sensation in the eye, headache, ocular irritation and itching and neck, shoulder or back pain were the common symptoms. Around (60-70)% of the eyes tested positive for dry eye. Conclusion: Lack of awareness of computer vision syndrome and lack of personal protective measures were associated with its high level of prevalence.

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Accommodative and binocular disorders in preteens with computer vision syndrome: a cross‐sectional study

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/nyas.14553 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Concepción De‐Hita‐Cantalejo ◽

Ángel García‐Pérez ◽

José‐María Sánchez‐González ◽

Raúl Capote‐Puente ◽

María Carmen Sánchez‐González

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome

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Computer vision syndrome in presbyopic digital device workers and progressive lens design

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics ◽

10.1111/opo.12832 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mar Sánchez‐Brau ◽

Begoña Domenech‐Amigot ◽

Francisco Brocal‐Fernández ◽

Mar Seguí‐Crespo

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Lens Design ◽

Digital Device ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome

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Automated Navigation of Method Time Measurement Tables for Automotive Assembly Line Planning

Volume 4: 18th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 2013 ASME/IEEE International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications ◽

10.1115/detc2013-13325 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Rahul Renu ◽

Matthew Peterson ◽

Gregory Mocko ◽

Joshua Summers

Keyword(s):

Software Tool ◽

Controlled Vocabulary ◽

Prototype System ◽

Assembly Process ◽

Line Planning ◽

Assembly Time ◽

Study Results ◽

Automotive Assembly ◽

Cad Models ◽

Assembly Procedure

Assembly process sheets are formal documents used extensively within automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to document and communicate assembly procedure, required tooling, contingency plans, and time study results. These sheets are authored throughout the vehicle life-cycle. Further, various customers use these sheets for training, analyzing the process, and line-balancing. In this research, the primary focus is the time studies analysis that is completed using knowledge contained within the assembly process sheets. In this research, a method and software tool are developed to utilize coupling between part descriptions and process descriptions for assembly time studies. The method is realized through the development of a standardized vocabulary for describing work instructions, a mapping from work instructions to MTM codes, and a tool for extracting relevant part information from CAD models. The approach enables process planners to establish part-process coupling, author work instructions using the controlled vocabulary, to estimate assembly time. A prototype system is developed and tested using examples from an automotive OEM.

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