scholarly journals Public Attitudes and Factors of COVID-19 Testing Hesitancy in the United Kingdom and China: Comparative Infodemiology Study

10.2196/26895 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e26895
Author(s):  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Jialu Pu ◽  
Fiona Yueqian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Testing

Background Massive community-wide testing has become the cornerstone of management strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study was a comparative analysis between the United Kingdom and China, which aimed to assess public attitudes and uptake regarding COVID-19 testing, with a focus on factors of COVID-19 testing hesitancy, including effectiveness, access, risk perception, and communication. Methods We collected and manually coded 3856 UK tweets and 9299 Chinese Sina Weibo posts mentioning COVID-19 testing from June 1 to July 15, 2020. Adapted from the World Health Organization’s 3C Model of Vaccine Hesitancy, we employed social listening analysis examining key factors of COVID-19 testing hesitancy (confidence, complacency, convenience, and communication). Descriptive analysis, time trends, geographical mapping, and chi-squared tests were performed to assess the temporal, spatial, and sociodemographic characteristics that determine the difference in attitudes or uptake of COVID-19 tests. Results The UK tweets demonstrated a higher percentage of support toward COVID-19 testing than the posts from China. There were much wider reports of public uptake of COVID-19 tests in mainland China than in the United Kingdom; however, uncomfortable experiences and logistical barriers to testing were more expressed in China. The driving forces for undergoing COVID-19 testing were personal health needs, community-wide testing, and mandatory testing policies for travel, with major differences in the ranking order between the two countries. Rumors and information inquiries about COVID-19 testing were also identified. Conclusions Public attitudes and acceptance toward COVID-19 testing constantly evolve with local epidemic situations. Policies and information campaigns that emphasize the importance of timely testing and rapid communication responses to inquiries and rumors, and provide a supportive environment for accessing tests are key to tackling COVID-19 testing hesitancy and increasing uptake.

scholarly journals Assessment of public attitude and uptake experience of COVID-19 tests in the United Kingdom and China: a comparative infodemiology study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Hou ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Jialu Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Information Need ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
Testing Policies ◽  
Wide Testing

BACKGROUND Background: Massive community-wide testing has become a cornerstone of management strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess public attitudes, risk perception, information needs, perceived access, and uptake experience about COVID-19 testing in the UK and China. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess public attitudes, risk perception, information needs, perceived access, and uptake experience about COVID-19 testing in the UK and China. METHODS Methods We collected and manually coded 3856 UK tweets and 9299 Chinese Sina Weibo posts mentioning COVID-19 testing from June to July, 2020. We adopted a grounded theory framework to conduct content analysis. Descriptive analysis, time trends, geographical mapping, and chi-squared test were performed to assess the temporal, spatial, and socio-demographic characteristics that determine the difference of attitudes or uptake of COVID-19 tests. RESULTS Results Social media users in the UK demonstrated a higher percentage of support towards COVID-19 testing than those in China; comparatively, there were much wider reports of public uptake of COVID-19 tests in mainland China than the UK, and uncomfortable experiences and logistical barriers to testing were more expressed in China. The top reasons for taking COVID-19 tests were personal health needs, community-wide testing, and mandatory testing policies for travel, with major differences in the ranking order between two countries. Rumours and information need about COVID-19 testing were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The local epidemic situation influenced public attitudes towards individual COVID-19 testing and mass community-wide testing. Policies and information campaigns that emphasise the importance of timely testing and provide a supporting environment for accessing a test are key to normalise COVID-19 testing as a part of life during the pandemic and to increase uptake.

scholarly journals Swimming World Championships: Association between Success at the Junior and Senior Level for British Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Yustres ◽  
Jesús Santos del Cerro ◽  
Stelios Psycharakis ◽  
Fernando González-Mohíno ◽  
José María González-Ravé
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Lineal Regression ◽  
Stroke Distance

The present study examines the association between the success at junior and senior level for British swimmers in World Championships (WCs). It also explores the relationships between swimming performance and the swimmers’ gender, swim stroke, distance, status (finalist, semifinalist and heats) and swimming category. Data were collected for swimmers participating in junior and/or senior World Championships (29,000 entries: 5585 swimmers) from 2006–2017. The final filtered database included only swimmers from the United Kingdom (836 entries: 141 swimmers). A descriptive analysis was made to characterize the swimmers who reached elite status in the senior category. A lineal regression model was run by gender to predict the influence of category, swim stroke, and distance in the results reached in the senior category. The results showed that the ratio of conversion from junior to senior was quite low. Females who participated in both junior and senior WCs were likely to reach top positions in the senior category. Overall, few British swimmers participated in a junior category before the senior level, but female swimmers participating in both junior and senior WCs were likely to reach top positions in the senior category.

scholarly journals A comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal influenza surveillance in five European countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Bricout ◽  
Rigoine de Fougerolles Thierry ◽  
Joan Puig-Barbera ◽  
Georges Kassianos ◽  
Philippe Vanhems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom

Background: In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that unfolded across Europe in 2020, the World Health Organisation called for repurposing existing influenza surveillance systems to monitor COVID-19. This analysis aimed to compare descriptively the extent to which influenza surveillance systems were adapted and enhanced, and how COVID-19 surveillance could ultimately benefit or disrupt routine influenza surveillance. Methods: We used a previously developed framework in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom to describe COVID-19 surveillance and its impact on influenza surveillance. The framework divides surveillance systems into 7 sub-systems and 20 comparable outcomes of interest, and uses 5 evaluation criteria based on WHO guidance. Information on influenza and COVID-19 surveillance systems were collected from publicly available resources shared by European and national public health agencies. Results: Overall, non-medically attended, virological, primary care and mortality surveillance were adapted in most countries to monitor COVID-19, whilst community, outbreak, and hospital surveillance were reinforced in all countries. Data granularity improved, with more detailed demographic and medical information recorded. A shift to systematic notification for cases and deaths enhanced both geographic and population representativeness whilst the sampling strategy benefited from the roll out of widespread molecular testing. Data communication was greatly enhanced, contributing to improved public awareness. Conclusions: Well-established influenza surveillance systems are a key component of pandemic preparedness and their upgrade allowed European countries to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, uncertainties remain on how both influenza and COVID-19 surveillance can be jointly and durably implemented.

General anaesthesia for caesarean delivery

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Levy ◽  
Ieva Saule
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
World Health ◽  
Induction Agent ◽  
Large Set ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Airway Trauma

General anaesthesia (GA) is most often indicated for category 1 (immediate threat to life of mother or baby) caesarean delivery (CD) or when neuraxial anaesthesia has failed or is contraindicated. Secure intravenous access is essential. Jugular venous cannulation (with ultrasound guidance) is required if peripheral access is inadequate. A World Health Organization surgical safety checklist must be used. The shoulders and upper back should be ramped. Left lateral table tilt or other means of uterine displacement are essential to minimize aortocaval compression, and a head-up position is recommended to improve the efficiency of preoxygenation and reduce the likelihood of gastric contents reaching the oropharynx. Cricoid pressure is controversial. In the United Kingdom, thiopental remains the induction agent of choice, although there is scant evidence upon which to avoid propofol. In pre-eclampsia, it is essential to obtund the pressor response to laryngoscopy with remifentanil or alfentanil. Rocuronium is an acceptable alternative to succinylcholine for neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex offers the possibility of swifter reversal of rocuronium than spontaneous recovery from succinylcholine. Management of difficult tracheal intubation is focused on ‘oxygenation without aspiration’ and prevention of airway trauma. The Classic™ laryngeal mask airway is the most commonly used rescue airway in the United Kingdom. There is a large set of data from fasted women of low body mass index who have undergone elective CD safely with a Proseal™ or Supreme™ laryngeal mask airway. Sevoflurane is the most popular volatile agent for maintenance of GA. The role of electroencephalography-based depth of anaesthesia monitors at CD remains to be established. Intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide tension should be maintained below 4.0 kPa.

Utilization of Health Care Coalitions and Resiliency Forums in the United States and United Kingdom: Different Approaches to Strengthen Emergency Preparedness

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walsh ◽  
Allan Graeme Swan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Care Systems

ABSTRACTThe process for developing national emergency management strategies for both the United States and the United Kingdom has led to the formulation of differing approaches to meet similar desired outcomes. Historically, the pathways for each are the result of the enactment of legislation in response to a significant event or a series of events. The resulting laws attempt to revise practices and policies leading to more effective and efficient management in preparing, responding, and mitigating all types of natural, manmade, and technological hazards. Following the turn of the 21st century, each country has experienced significant advancements in emergency management including the formation and utilization of 2 distinct models: health care coalitions in the United States and resiliency forums in the United Kingdom. Both models have evolved from circumstances and governance unique to each country. Further in-depth study of both approaches will identify strengths, weaknesses, and existing gaps to meet continued and future challenges of our respective disaster health care systems. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:161–164)

Suicide in Scotland in Comparison with England and Wales

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (560) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Norman Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Value ◽  
Health Organization

Over 70 years ago, Sibbald (1900) commented that the official statistics on suicide showed Scotland to have lower rates than England and Wales. It seems that Scotland has always been regarded as one of the countries with relatively few suicides. A recent World Health Organization publication (1968) commented on the official suicide rates in a sample of 20 different nations; among these Scotland ranked nineteenth in 1952–4. However, this picture appears to have been gradually changing over the last two decades, and the same W.H.O. publication, citing official statistics for the period 1961–3, quotes a value for Scotland which raises it to fifteenth in the list of 20 countries. Moreover, the Scottish rates and those for England and Wales have gradually come closer together over the last 20 years.The aim of this paper is to examine the trends in Scottish statistics for the last two decades and to compare the current suicide rates with those of the rest of the United Kingdom. All the data quoted are based on the publications of the Registrars General for Scotland and for England and Wales.

Significance and Distribution of Herbicide Resistance

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie S. Holt ◽  
Homer M. Lebaron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
The United Kingdom

Herbicide-resistant weed species have become widespread in recent years. Fifty-five weed species, including 40 dicots and 15 grasses, are known to have biotypes resistant to the triazine herbicides. One or more resistant species have arisen in 31 states of the United States, four provinces of Canada, 18 countries in Europe, and Israel, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. Resistance to other classes of herbicides is more restricted in distribution and recent in detection but is becoming more widespread. Trifluralin resistance has spread in the southeastern United States and has been detected in Canada, while 11 species with biotypes resistant to paraquat have been reported around the world. Diclofop-methyl-resistant weed species are problems in cereal production in Australia and have been found in Oregon, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Resistance to the substituted ureas also is present in the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Hungary. Within the last 2 yr, biotypes of at least four weed species resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicides have arisen following several annual applications of these herbicides in wheat. Some resistant biotypes have multiple resistance to different classes of herbicides, which greatly exacerbates the threat of resistance. Herbicide resistance has reached the level where more concerted efforts are needed in research, education, and development of effective management strategies to preserve herbicides as essential tools of agricultural technology.

scholarly journals Resource Utilisation and Costs of Total Hip Arthroplasty in the United Kingdom: A Descriptive Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. A561
Author(s):  
M. Raluy ◽  
R. Burge ◽  
D. Lambrelli ◽  
S. MacLachlan ◽  
N. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
The United Kingdom
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