Organic nitrogen in soil water from grassland under different land management strategies in the United Kingdom—a neglected N load to upland lakes?

ABSTRACTThe process for developing national emergency management strategies for both the United States and the United Kingdom has led to the formulation of differing approaches to meet similar desired outcomes. Historically, the pathways for each are the result of the enactment of legislation in response to a significant event or a series of events. The resulting laws attempt to revise practices and policies leading to more effective and efficient management in preparing, responding, and mitigating all types of natural, manmade, and technological hazards. Following the turn of the 21st century, each country has experienced significant advancements in emergency management including the formation and utilization of 2 distinct models: health care coalitions in the United States and resiliency forums in the United Kingdom. Both models have evolved from circumstances and governance unique to each country. Further in-depth study of both approaches will identify strengths, weaknesses, and existing gaps to meet continued and future challenges of our respective disaster health care systems. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:161–164)

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Organic Nitrogen in Precipitation Across the United Kingdom

Water Air and Soil Pollution Focus ◽

10.1007/s11267-004-3010-8 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. N. Cape ◽

M. Anderson ◽

A. P. Rowland ◽

D. Wilson

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

The United Kingdom

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Significance and Distribution of Herbicide Resistance

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025148 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Jodie S. Holt ◽

Homer M. Lebaron

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

West Germany ◽

Weed Species ◽

Research Education ◽

Resistant Species ◽

The United Kingdom

Herbicide-resistant weed species have become widespread in recent years. Fifty-five weed species, including 40 dicots and 15 grasses, are known to have biotypes resistant to the triazine herbicides. One or more resistant species have arisen in 31 states of the United States, four provinces of Canada, 18 countries in Europe, and Israel, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. Resistance to other classes of herbicides is more restricted in distribution and recent in detection but is becoming more widespread. Trifluralin resistance has spread in the southeastern United States and has been detected in Canada, while 11 species with biotypes resistant to paraquat have been reported around the world. Diclofop-methyl-resistant weed species are problems in cereal production in Australia and have been found in Oregon, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Resistance to the substituted ureas also is present in the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Hungary. Within the last 2 yr, biotypes of at least four weed species resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicides have arisen following several annual applications of these herbicides in wheat. Some resistant biotypes have multiple resistance to different classes of herbicides, which greatly exacerbates the threat of resistance. Herbicide resistance has reached the level where more concerted efforts are needed in research, education, and development of effective management strategies to preserve herbicides as essential tools of agricultural technology.

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Experiences of Frontline Pakistani Emigrant Physicians Combating COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Phenomenological Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-73466/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Javeria Saleem ◽

Muhammad Ishaq ◽

Rubeena Zakar ◽

Imran Hussain Khan Suddahazai ◽

Florian Fischer

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Professional Support ◽

Direct Care ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Pakistani Origin ◽

Qualitative Phenomenological

Abstract Background: This study aims to explore the experiences, beliefs, feelings and challenges faced by Pakistani migrant doctors working in the United Kingdom in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative approach was chosen to document their lived experiences and to develop a post-COVID-19 response to help them recover from their shared and individual traumas.Methods: An empirical phenomenological approach was used to collate data on experiences made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to target participants, which were doctors of Pakistani origin involved in the direct care and management of COVID-19 patients in different NHS hospitals of the United Kingdom. Semi-structured, in-depth telephonic interviews were conducted with study participants in May 2020. Data collection was done parallel with data analysis by using standard qualitative methods.Results: We recruited ten frontline physicians. Four theme categories emerged from the data analysis: 1) Working across borders and cultures, 2) Role of beliefs for coping stress and fear, 3) Passion and profession, and 4) Scaffolding the Pakistani health system. Overall, the results show that the participants received no professional support, in terms of counselling and psychological rehabilitation. Instead, they had to use self-management strategies to cope with the situation. Conclusion: The intensive work exhausted participants physically and emotionally. They were holding a lot of grief and hurt inside; but still healthcare professionals showed the spirit of professional dedication to overcome difficulties. Although currently coping with their emotional problems, comprehensive professional support should be made available to them in order to cater for the wellbeing of frontline physicians.

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Reputation Management in Societal Security: A Comparative Study

The American Review of Public Administration ◽

10.1177/0275074016670030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 119-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tom Christensen ◽

Martin Lodge

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Food Safety ◽

Comparative Study ◽

National Security ◽

Management Strategies ◽

European Countries ◽

Reputation Management ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Cross National ◽

The Way

Societal security poses fundamental challenges for the doctrines of accountability and transparency in government. At least some of the national security state’s effectiveness requires a degree of non-transparency, raising questions about legitimacy. This article explores in cross-national and cross-sectoral perspective, how organizations seek to manage their reputation by accounting for their activities. This article contributes in three main ways. First, it highlights how distinct tasks facilitate and constrain certain reputation management strategies. Second, it suggests that these reputational considerations shape the way in which organizations can give account. Third, it considers three domains associated with societal security, namely intelligence, flood defense, and food safety, in five European countries with different state traditions—the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. By using a “web census,” this article investigates cross-sectoral and cross-national variation in the way organizations seek to account for their activities and manage their reputation. This article finds variation across tasks to be more dominant than national variation.

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Peritonsillar Abscess: The Rationale for Interval Tonsillectomy

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556130007900316 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 206-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

V.V. Raut ◽

M.W. Yung

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Peritonsillar Abscess ◽

The Other ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

History Of ◽

Wait And See ◽

Survey Responses

Although peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) and peritonsillitis are common ENT emergencies, management strategies in the United Kingdom still vary among otolaryngologists. In order to obtain data on the success of the various strategies, we conducted two surveys—one concerned itself with patient outcomes, while the other sought information on physician preferences. The survey of 571 practicing ENT surgeons revealed that 83% advise interval tonsillectomy only for patients who have a history of tonsillitis; they prefer to take a wait-and-see approach for a single attack of quinsy. Conversely, 15% advise a routine interval tonsillectomy following even a single isolated attack of quinsy/peritonsillitis. Only 6.8% still perform a quinsy tonsillectomy in selected cases. Survey responses from 192 adults and 15 children who had been hospitalized for the treatment of quinsy/peritonsillitis revealed that the vast majority of patients who did not undergo an interval tonsillectomy were still asymptomatic 2 to 8 years later. These results indicate that a wait-and-see policy is indeed suitable for most patients who present with an isolated attack of quinsy/peritonsillitis without a history of tonsillitis. We recommend that tonsillectomy be performed as a definitive treatment for quinsy/peritonsillitis in patients who have a history of tonsillitis. Such a history is a reliable indicator of recurrent quinsy or tonsillitis following an attack of quinsy/peritonsillitis in both children and adults. Quinsy tonsillectomy should be reserved for those few patients who do not respond to conservative measures.

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The Burden of Illness in Patients with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) in the United Kingdom

10.21203/rs.2.14290/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Handrean Soran ◽

Michael Stevenson ◽

Brant Hubbard ◽

Richard Jones ◽

Basil Issa

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Disease Management ◽

Burden Of Illness ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Full Time ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity, which is characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia, recurrent abdominal pain and episodes of acute pancreatitis. Investigation of Findings and Observations Captured in Burden of Illness Survey in FCS Patients (IN-FOCUS) assessed the impact of FCS on patient quality of life (QoL) and quantified the burden of illness attributable to FCS for 166 patients in 10 countries. Given the lack of data to support value-based treatment of FCS in the United Kingdom (UK), a prespecified sub analysis of respondents from the UK was performed to evaluate country-specific experiences for patients with FCS and any associated outcomes. Methods: A web-based survey captured information on diagnostic experience, symptoms, comorbidities, disease management, and impact on multiple life dimensions from adults living with FCS. Results: Twenty respondents from the UK completed the survey. Three-quarters indicated that FCS limits their life and significant time and energy is required to manage their FCS. Respondents reported moderate physical symptoms 1–3 times every 2 weeks, all respondents reported worrying about their FCS getting worse with age and 85% worrying about the long-term impact of FCS on their health. Only 3 respondents (15%) reported working full-time,53% of respondents reported that their diminished employment was largely or entirely due to FCS. Furthermore, 90% of respondents reported restricting their dietary fat consumption to an extreme degree and 75% reported using fasting to help manage the symptoms of FCS, suggesting a level of overcompensation. Only one of five women reported a pregnancy. The UK data was largely consistent with the overall study, except for an increased prevalence of worry and differences in disease management. Conclusions: FCS is associated with an ongoing physical and emotional burden that negatively impacts QoL for patients in the UK. Attempts to self-manage FCS may increase the burden of disease. Results from the UK sub analysis are consistent with the overall cohort of IN-FOCUS in suggesting that increased disease awareness and improved management strategies for FCS are required.

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British media policy: Regulations, management, strategies and approaches

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies ◽

10.1386/ajms_00065_1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Javad Alipoor ◽

Hatef Pourrashidi ◽

Mehran Samadi ◽

Neda Soleimani

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Public Opinion ◽

Political Communication ◽

International System ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Media Policy ◽

British Broadcasting Corporation ◽

World War ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Media

The great powers utilized media as a tool of political communication and propaganda after the First World War. The leading role of propaganda during the Second World War enabled them to use media and develop media policy. The United Kingdom, as a pioneer of political communication, used the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in order to influence public opinion. The BBC has developed since its inception and now plays an inimitable role in the UK media policy and diplomacy. This article examines the British media policy including regulations, approaches, management and strategies to clarify how the United Kingdom designs and operates its media-based policies in order to play effectively in the media back grounds. It uses the documentary method to answer the questions: what are the organizational and management structures, regulations, strategies and approaches of the British media policy? And how has the British media policy been developed to surmount the media regulation problems and challenges? This research indicates that the development of a smart-organized and well-regulated system of media policy enables the United Kingdom to utilize media to promote the priorities of the British foreign policy and influence public opinion around the world as well as to play a crucial role in media wars to protect its interests in international system.

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Calciphylaxis in end-stage kidney disease: outcome data from the United Kingdom Calciphylaxis Study

Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s40620-020-00908-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajkumar Chinnadurai ◽

Abby Huckle ◽

Janet Hegarty ◽

Philip A Kalra ◽

Smeeta Sinha

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Strong Association ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

End Stage Kidney Disease ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

End Stage

Abstract Background and aims Calciphylaxis is a rare condition associated with very high mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Data from country-based registries have been an invaluable resource for a better understanding of the natural history and management for this condition. This study aimed to investigate the current management strategies and outcomes of patients enrolled in the United Kingdom Calciphylaxis study (UKCS). Methods The study was conducted on 89 patients registered in the UKCS since 2012. The initial analysis included a description of the baseline characteristics, management strategies and outcomes on follow-up until May 2020. Further analysis included a comparison of the mortality outcome of the UKCS patients who were receiving haemodialysis with a propensity score matched cohort of haemodialysis patients from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study- Haemodialysis (CRISIS-HD). Results Median age of the cohort was 59 years, with a predominance of females (61%) and Caucasian (95%) ethnicity. About 54% of the patients were diabetic and 70% were receiving haemodialysis at study entry. The skin lesions were mostly distributed in the lower extremities (48%). Sodium thiosulphate and calcimimetic were the most widely used management strategies. The mortality rate was 72 deaths per hundred patient-years (50 deaths observed in 69.5 patient years). Complete wound healing was noted in 17% and bacteraemia was reported in 26% of patients. In a comparative analysis of the matched haemodialysis patients, the presence of calciphylaxis in 62 patients showed a strong association with all-cause mortality (HR 6.96; p < 0.001), with annual mortality 67% versus 10.2% in haemodialysis patients without calciphylaxis. Conclusions This UK wide study strengthens the evidence that calciphylaxis is a strong and independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality; no significant benefit was shown with any individual treatment modality. Until further evidence becomes available, a multifaceted approach would be the appropriate treatment strategy in the management of this extremely serious condition. Graphic abstract

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Hitting the Target and Missing the Point

Journal of Health Management ◽

10.1177/097206340901100115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 229-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucy Webb ◽

Tony Ryan

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Public Relations ◽

United Nations ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Target Setting ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Process And Outcome ◽

Development Goals ◽

The United Nations

This article examines the policy of using target-setting and measurement to deliver on the United Nations’ (UN) development goals. Using evidence from similar monitoring and management strategies in the United Kingdom (UK), we question the purpose of using process and outcome targets and suggest that this approach can be counter-productive. It can also lead to a situation where maintaining public relations and image is prioritised at the expense of making real impacts on key development issues. While the UN's aims are praiseworthy, we suggest that the somewhat simplistic methodology adopted is damaging to the very people that the UN is seeking to help.

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