scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Survey Study

10.2196/26980 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e26980
Author(s):  
Alinoor Mohamed Farah ◽  
Tahir Yousuf Nour ◽  
Muse Obsiye ◽  
Mowlid Akil Aden ◽  
Omar Moeline Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background On March 13, 2020, Ethiopia reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Addis Ababa. COVID-19 is likely to overwhelm an already-fragile health care delivery system and reduce the availability of essential health services. This analysis of data from the Somali Region of Eastern Ethiopia on health care workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19 may be used in planning health education programs about the emerging viral disease. Objective This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCWs regarding COVID-19 infection. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in three public health facilities in the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire was shared with all HCWs working at the public health facilities. A total of 15 knowledge questions were scored as 1 or 0 for correct or incorrect responses, respectively. A total of 14 practice questions were scored on a 3-point scale from 1 (“always”) to 3 (“never”). A total of six attitude questions were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, in a negative dimension, as follows: 1 (“strongly agree”), 2 (“agree”), 3 (“neutral”), 4 (“disagree”), and 5 (“strongly disagree”). Mean scores were calculated and used as a cut point to dichotomize the outcome variables (>13.7 indicated good knowledge, <18.8 indicated good practices, and ≤10.5 indicated favorable attitudes). We used t tests and analyses of variance (ie, F tests) to analyze the mean score differences of knowledge, attitudes, and practices between the independent variables. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between mean knowledge and attitude scores. Results Of the 686 HCWs approached, a total of 434 HCWs responded (63.3% response rate). The mean age of the participants was 27.6 (SD 5.3) years, and the majority of the participants were male (293/434, 67.5%). The mean knowledge score was 13.7 (SD 2.6), and 73.3% (318/434) of participants had sufficient knowledge. The mean attitude score was 10.5 (SD 4.1), and 54.8% (238/434) of the participants had a good attitude toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 18.8 (SD 5.8), and 61.5% (267/434) of the participants practiced precautionary measures to prevent COVID-19. There was a negative correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r=–0.295, P<.001) and between knowledge and practice scores (r=–0.298, P<.001). Conclusions The overall levels of knowledge and practice were relatively better than the attitude level. This highlights the need to implement strategies that enhance the positive attitudes and safe practices of the HCWs for better containment of the pandemic and supporting of essential health care services.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women at Public Health Facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Degu Abate ◽  
Dadi Marami ◽  
Shiferaw Letta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. Urinary tract infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide, afflicting many women in reproductive age, especially in developing countries. Increased risk of infection has been attributed to pregnancy and antimicrobial resistance. Objective. To compare the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacteria and associated factors of urinary tract infections among pregnant and nonpregnant women attending public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A health facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 651 randomly selected women from public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, between February 2017 and December 2017. Pertinent data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The midstream urine specimen was collected and cultured on cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and blood agar. Pure isolates were tested against the ten most prescribed antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered and analysed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 21. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 23% (95% CI: 13.6, 26.8). The higher proportion of bacteria were isolated from pregnant women (14.1%) compared to nonpregnant women (8.9%). Escherichia coli (28.8%) and Streptococcus aureus (14.3%) were the most common isolates. E. coli was resistant to amoxicillin (83.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (78.6%), and ciprofloxacin (81%), whereas S. aureus was resistant to chloramphenicol (81%), erythromycin (81%), and amoxicillin (76.2%). Current symptoms, and history of catheterization increase the likelihood of urinary tract infections. Conclusion. Pregnant women were more likely infected with bacterial pathogens than nonpregnant women. Current symptoms, and catheterization increase the odds of urinary tract infections. More than half of the isolates were resistant to the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Regular assessment of urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance are recommended to provide effective therapy and thereby prevent urinary tract complications.

scholarly journals Utilization of Immediate Postpartum Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives among Women Who Gave Birth in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ahmedin Aliyi Usso ◽  
Hassen Abdi Adem ◽  
Yadeta Dessie ◽  
Abera Kenay Tura
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Postpartum Family Planning ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Objective. Although importance of postpartum family planning is essential and immediate postpartum insertion of long acting and reversible contraceptives (LARC) is recommended, evidence on its uptake and associated factors is limited in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess utilization of immediate postpartum LARC among women who gave birth in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. Method. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected women who gave birth in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from 10 March to 09 April 2020. At discharge, all eligible women who gave birth in the facilities were interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with utilization of immediate postpartum LARC. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to report association, and significance was declared at p value < 0.05. Results. From a total of 546 women invited to the study, 530 (97.1%) participated in the study and 98 (18.5%; 95% CI: 15.1%, 22.0%) reported starting long acting reversible contraceptives. Women who reported discussing about contraceptives with partners ( aOR = 6.69 , 95% CI: 3.54, 12.61) and receiving postpartum counselling on contraceptives ( aOR = 5.37 , 95% CI: 3.00, 9.63) were more likely to using contraception. However, women who live >30-minute walking distance from the nearest health facility ( aOR = 0.47 , 95% CI: 0.26, 0.85) and reported disrespect and abuse during childbirth ( aOR = 0.22 , 95% CI: 0.12, 0.40) were less likely to start LARC. Conclusions. Almost one in five women delivering in public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia started using LARC. Provision of respectful maternity care including counselling on the importance of immediate postpartum family planning is essential for increasing its uptake.

scholarly journals Patient costs for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and antiretroviral therapy services in public health facilities in Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256291
Author(s):  
Innocent Chingombe ◽  
Munyaradzi P. Mapingure ◽  
Shirish Balachandra ◽  
Tendayi N. Chipango ◽  
Fiona Gambanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Costs ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother To Child

Zimbabwe has made large strides in addressing HIV. To ensure a continued robust response, a clear understanding of costs associated with its HIV program is critical. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation in 2017 to estimate the annual average patient cost for accessing Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services (through antenatal care) and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) services in Zimbabwe. Twenty sites representing different types of public health facilities in Zimbabwe were included. Data on patient costs were collected through in-person interviews with 414 ART and 424 PMTCT adult patients and through telephone interviews with 38 ART and 47 PMTCT adult patients who had missed their last appointment. The mean and median annual patient costs were examined overall and by service type for all participants and for those who paid any cost. Potential patient costs related to time lost were calculated by multiplying the total time to access services (travel time, waiting time, and clinic visit duration) by potential earnings (US$75 per month assuming 8 hours per day and 5 days per week). Mean annual patient costs for accessing services for the participants was US$20.00 [standard deviation (SD) = US$80.42, median = US$6.00, range = US$0.00–US$12,18.00] for PMTCT and US$18.73 (SD = US$58.54, median = US$8.00, range = US$0.00–US$ 908.00) for ART patients. The mean annual direct medical costs for PMTCT and ART were US$9.78 (SD = US$78.58, median = US$0.00, range = US$0.00–US$ 90) and US$7.49 (SD = US$60.00, median = US$0.00) while mean annual direct non-medical cost for US$10.23 (SD = US$17.35, median = US$4.00) and US$11.23 (SD = US$25.22, median = US$6.00, range = US$0.00–US$ 360.00). The PMTCT and ART costs per visit based on time lost were US$3.53 (US$1.13 to US$8.69) and US$3.43 (US$1.14 to US$8.53), respectively. The mean annual patient costs per person for PMTCT and ART in this evaluation will impact household income since PMTCT and ART services in Zimbabwe are supposed to be free.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers in public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinoor Mohamed Farah ◽  
Tahir Yousuf Nour ◽  
Muse Obsiye ◽  
Mowlid Aqil Adan ◽  
Omar Moeline Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

AbstractOn 13 March 2020, Ethiopia reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Addis Ababa. COVID-19 is likely to overwhelm an already fragile health-care delivery system and reduce the availability of services for endemic health concerns such as malaria and diarrheal diseases.Cross sectional study was conducted on heath care workers in three public health facilities in Somali region to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the relationship between the dependent, and independent variables. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between mean knowledge and attitude scores.A vast majority of the participants were male (n = 293, 67.5%), with a mean age of 27.6 (SD: 5.3) years. The mean knowledge score was 13.7 (SD: 2.6) and the mean attitude score 10.5 (SD: 4.1). Only 45.2 % (n = 196) of the participants had a good attitude toward COVID-19. There was a negative correlation between knowledge scores, attitude scores (r=-0.295, P<0.001) and practice (r=-0.298, P<0.001).The overall level of knowledge was good. However, the attitude and practice were relatively low. We recommend strategies for enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers to develop positive attitude and practice.

Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers in public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinoor Mohamed ◽  
Tahir Yousuf Nour ◽  
Muse Obsiye ◽  
Mowlid Aqil Adan ◽  
Omar Moeline Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

BACKGROUND On 13 March 2020, Ethiopia reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Addis Ababa. COVID-19 is likely to overwhelm an already fragile health- care delivery system and reduce the availability of services for endemic health concerns such as malaria and diarrheal diseases. This analysis of data from Somali region of Eastern Ethiopia on health workers knowledge, attitude and practice towards the prevention and control of COVID-19 may be used in planning health education programs about the emerging viral disease. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of health workers towards COVID-19 infection METHODS Cross sectional study was conducted on health care workers in three public health facilities in Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia. A questionnaire with 43 questions was shared to the all health workers working at the public health facilities. Knowledge and practice questions were scored as 1 or 0 for correct and incorrect responses, respectively. Whereas, attitude responses were provided with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 for “Strongly Agree, “Agree”, “Neutral”, “Disagree” and “Strongly Disagree”, respectively. Mean scores were calculated and used as a cut point to dichotomize the outcome variables. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the relationship between the dependent, and independent variables. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between mean knowledge and attitude scores. RESULTS Of the 686 HCWs approached, total of 434 HCWs responded (response rate = 63%). A vast majority of the participants were male (n = 293, 67.5%), with a mean age of 27.6 (SD: 5.3) years. The mean knowledge score was 13.7 (SD: 2.6). Almost ninety percent (n = 381) of the participants scored 12 or more and were considered to have sufficient knowledge. The mean attitude score 10.5 (SD: 4.1). Overall, there was poor attitude among HCWs toward COVID-19. Only 45.2 % (n = 196) of the participants had a good attitude toward COVID-19. There was a negative correlation between knowledge scores, attitude scores (r=-0.295, P<0.001) and practice (r=-0.298, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The overall level of knowledge was good. However, the attitude and practice were relatively low. We recommend strategies for enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers to develop positive attitude and practice.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Clients’ Satisfaction With Outpatient and Inpatient Services of Public Health Facilities of a North Indian State

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863292092996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manmeet Kaur ◽  
Abu Bashar ◽  
Tarundeep Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Health Centres

Satisfaction with health care services is a desired outcome of health care delivery. Nonetheless, there is scant information on client satisfaction with services provided in public health facilities in India. A cross-sectional study of persons attending public health facilities in Punjab, North India, was carried out in 2016. All district hospitals, subdistrict hospitals, 2 community health centres (CHCs), and 6 primary health centres (PHCs) were randomly selected from each of the 22 districts. A 60-item pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Participants (3278 outpatient department [OPD] and 1614 inpatient department [IPD]) visiting health care facilities were interviewed. Majority of OPD participants were satisfied with registration process, care providers, and personal issues like safety and security at the health facilities. Major domains of dissatisfaction were long waiting time and concern shown for patients during lab tests and x-rays. Most IPD participants were satisfied with care received from nurses and doctors, availability of medicines, and hospital environment. Domains of dissatisfaction were cleanliness of rooms and bathrooms and quietness at night. Varying levels of satisfaction were observed for experiences during stay, information about new medicine being given, pain control, and locomotion to bathroom or using bedpan. Around 71% were likely to recommend the health facility to others. Satisfaction with public health facilities is context dependent. Lack of drugs and supplies, poor information about medicines, long waiting time, poor cleanliness, lack of privacy, and peace were the major reasons for dissatisfaction in our study.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Implementation of Tuberculosis and Diabetes Care in health systems: A Situational Analysis in Western Nigeria for consideration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASAGA MAC PETER ◽  
JUDE OSAGIE Aighobahi.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) coexists with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Smoking increases the risk of TB as well as DM. Health systems are poorly prepared in many low middle income countries (LMICs) and are currently facing the "triple burden of smoking, TB, and DM" that drives these countries into the vicious cycle of poverty. Methods: A cross-sectional study method was carried out to assess the proportion of TB care centers that included integration measures for diabetic care as well as those providing DM care that included integration measures for TB. A list of 49 health care centers in Lagos offering TB care and managing Diabetes patients were recruited. A focus Group Discussion(FGD) and Individual interviews were conducted to investigate health care providers ' knowledge, attitudes and practices and the barriers encountered in the process of integrating TB and DM care. Results: Out of the 49 health care centres recruited in this study, 6% of health care units are aware of a surveillance to screen for diabetes in tuberculosis patients, while 2% of health facilities confirmed awareness of a surveillance to screen for tuberculosis in diabetes patients. 91% of health centres either verified the lack of or no understanding of monitoring of both diseases. The percentage of health facilities that have existing guideline on TB and DM screening was evaluated, it was perceived that 8% of health facilities had implemented a guideline to screen for DM in TB patients, while 4% of these Care Centres have implemented a guideline for diabetes patients to be screened for TB. Conclusion TB/DM integrative screening, treatment and management could be better attained if both co-morbidities integration program is initiated in the healthcare centres and policies of western states and Nigeria as a whole.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Male Transgenders in Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash John ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Rana ◽  
Asif Hanif ◽  
Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽  
Sofia Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a subgroup of retrovirus causing HIV infection which if prolongs turns into a progressive failure of the immune system called as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is commonly prevalent in Male Transgenders who are born male and disobeys the cultural defined social norms and identify themselves as a female. The objective was to assess knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Transgender Community regarding Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Lahore, Pakistan. A Descriptive Cross-sectional Survey was conducted in Nine Towns of Lahore. A sample size of 79 was calculated and data was collected in duration of 9 months. A self-administered survey-based questionnaire was developed using WHO and National AIDS control Programme guidelines followed and pilot tested. Data was collected after Informed consent.The mean age of Respondents was 29.56 ± 8.27 years with minimum and maximum age as 19 and 50. In this study the mean knowledge score of the transgender about HIV Transmission was 2.804±0.32, the mean score of attitudes of transgender were 3.25±0.19 and the mean practice score was 2.931±0.28.Majority of the transgender have insufficient knowledge, and bad attitude towards their health. They have unsafe sexual practice and Drug Interventions playing a significant role in HIV epidemic. Majority of them are uneducated, unemployed and found sex selling and dancing an easiest way of earning. Their knowledge about HIV screening, transmission, and antiretroviral therapy is low.

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