Prevalence of anaemia and it's associated risk factors among under five children at Mukinge Missions Hospital in Kasempa District: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Sampa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

BACKGROUND Anemia is a worldwide major problem known to affect people throughout the world. It has an adverse effect on both the social and economic development. The worldwide prevalence of anemia is 9% in developed nations. The global estimate indicates that 293.1 million of children under five years, approximately 43%, are anaemic worldwide and 28.5% of these children are found in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia specifically Kasempa, no documented studies on prevalence have been done. Despite iron supplementation being given to pregnant women and the availability of blood transfusion. The burden of the disease remains high as determined by high mortality and morbidity. This study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia and the associated risk factors among under-five children at Mukinge Mission Hospital in Kasempa District. Knowledge of prevalence and the associated risk factors of anaemia will enhance early detection and timely management. OBJECTIVE 1.To determine the hemoglobin status of anaemia by its severity among anaemic under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. 2.To assess the association of anaemia with Malaria among under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. METHODS This was a retrospective study review of under-five children that were diagnosed and managed of Anemia at Mukinge Missions Hospital, over the period of period of 2015, 2017 and 2018. .Data of the variables of interest was extracted and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS A sample population of 52 children was included in our study. The majority of the children were females 28 (53.8 %) and 24 (46.2 %) were Males. It was found that moderate and severe anaemia was 17.3% and 82.7 % respectively. Additionally, Majority of the anaemic children (75%) had Normocytic anaemia. The Pearson Chi square test revealed no statistical relationship between the variables; Malaria (p=0.58), Age (P=0.82), Gender (P=0.91). CONCLUSIONS According to our study, 39 (75%) had normal mean corpuscular volume which could suggest chronic diseases and sickle cell anemia. 11 (21.2%) had a low mean corpuscular volume indicating Microcytic anemia which could suggest diseases such as iron deficiency and thalassemia among many other causes. However, we were unable to determine the specific cause of anemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated risk factors among children under five years old in Pader district, Northern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Omona ◽  
Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga ◽  
Robert Opoke ◽  
Geoffrey Openy ◽  
Robert Opiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Diarrhoea ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Pader District

Abstract Background : Diarrhoea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. Of the three East African countries, Uganda has the worst mortality rate in children < 5 years, with 22% of these deaths attributed to diarrhoea. For proper planning and implementation of control, an understanding of the prevalence and determinants of the disease is crucial. This study assessed the prevalence of diarrhoea and related risk factors among children < 5 years in Pajule sub-county, Pader district in northern Uganda. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2018, covering 244 randomly selected households having children < 5 years old in the study area. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the households about diarrhoeal history in their children in the last two weeks preceding the survey, and on the risk factors predisposing children to diarrhoeal infections. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 was used to identify the risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoeal disease. Results : We found a prevalence of diarrhoea of 29.1% [95% CI (23.7–35.0)] among under-five children in Pajule sub-county during the two weeks preceding the survey. Use of unprotected water source, age of child caretaker, child weaning time and family size had significant associations with diarrheal morbidity. Conclusion : The prevalence of childhood diarrhoea among children < 5 years of age in a rural setting of Pajule sub-county was higher than the Ugandan national average. Use of unprotected water sources, age of child caretaker, child weaning time and family size were identified as predictors of diarrhoeal occurrence. These findings underscore the need for improving access to clean water and providing community health education as the best methods for fighting childhood diarrhoea in the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species in Humans and Animals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Gahamanyi ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Mecky I. Matee ◽  
Dieudonné Mutangana ◽  
Erick V. G. Komba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sub Saharan

Thermophilic Campylobacter species are clinically important aetiologies of gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. The colonization of different animal reservoirs by Campylobacter poses an important risk for humans through shedding of the pathogen in livestock waste and contamination of water sources, environment, and food. A review of published articles was conducted to obtain information on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter species in humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research4life-HINARI Health, and Researchgate.net, were searched using the following search terms “thermophilic Campylobacter,” “Campylobacter jejuni,” “Campylobacter coli,” “diarrhea/diarrhoea,” “antimicrobial resistance,” “antibiotic resistance,” “humans,” “animals,” “Sub-Saharan Africa,” and “a specific country name.” Initially, a total of 614 articles were identified, and the lists of references were screened in which 22 more articles were identified. After screening, 33 articles on humans and 34 on animals and animal products were included in this review. In humans, Nigeria reported the highest prevalence (62.7%), followed by Malawi (21%) and South Africa (20.3%). For Campylobacter infections in under-five children, Kenya reported 16.4%, followed by Rwanda (15.5%) and Ethiopia (14.5%). The country-level mean prevalence in all ages and under-five children was 18.6% and 9.4%, respectively. The prevalence ranged from 1.7%–62.7% in humans and 1.2%–80% in animals. The most reported species were C. jejuni and C. coli. The AMR to commonly used antimicrobials ranged from 0–100% in both humans and animals. Poultry consumption and drinking surface water were the main risk factors for campylobacteriosis. The present review provides evidence of thermophilic Campylobacter occurrence in humans and animals and high levels of AMR in SSA, emphasizing the need for strengthening both national and regional multisectoral antimicrobial resistance standard surveillance protocols to curb both the campylobacteriosis burden and increase of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN AN URBAN SLUM OF MUMBAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Swapnil Bele ◽  
◽  
S.R. Suryawanshi ◽  
Shailesh Palve ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the single most common causes of death among children under age five worldwide. Diarrheal disorders in childhood account for a large proportion (18%) of childhood deaths, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths per year globally, making it the second most common cause of child deaths worldwide1.So the study was undertaken in order to study the prevalence and associated risk factors causing diarrhoea in urban slum of Metropolitan city. Methods- A cross sectional study was done from January 2012 to December 2012 in Cheetah Camp area. Toal 478 under five children were selected and the parent/guardian of the child was interviewed using pre-designed, semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Results and Conclusion-The prevalence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years during past 2 weeks was 17.8%. Diarrheal episodes in the past 2 weeks was significantly associated with education of mother, socioeconomic status of family, type of family, source of water supply, housefly nuisance in home, child hand-washing before meals, mother hand-washing before meals and immunization status.

scholarly journals Associated risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia using multilevel ordinal logistic regression model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-72
Author(s):  
Nigussie Adam Birhan ◽  
Denekew Bitew Belay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Proportional Odds Model ◽  
Proportional Odds ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Partial Proportional Odds Model ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Malnutrition is associated with both under nutrition and over nutrition which causes the body to get improp- er amount of nutrients to maintain tissues and organ function. Under nutrition is the result of insufficient intake of food, poor utilization of nutrients due to illnesses, or a combination of these factors. The purpose of this study was to identify associated risk factors and assess the variation of underweight among under-five children of different regions in Ethiopia. Methods: Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS-2016) weight-to-age data for under-five children is used. In order to achieve the objective of this study; descriptive, single level and multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis were used. Results: From a total of 8935 children about 8.1% were severely underweight, 17.1% were moderately underweight and 74.8% were normal. The test of heterogeneity suggested that underweight varies among region and multilevel ordinal model fit data better than single level ordinal model. Conclusion: Educational level of mother, religion, birth order, type of birth, sex of child, mother body mass index, birth size of child, existence of diarrhea for last two weeks before survey, existence of fever for last two weeks before survey, duration of breast feeding, age child and wealth index had significant effect on underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia. The finding revealed that among the fitted multilevel partial proportional odds model, the random intercept model with fixed coefficients is appropriate to assess the risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia. The findings of this study have important policy implications. The government should work closely with both the private sector and civil society to teach women to have sufficient knowledge, awareness and mechanisms of improving under-five under- weight for children’s wellbeing. Keywords: Underweight; Partial proportional odds model; Multilevel partial proportional odds model; under-five children.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Molla Ferede
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major contributors to death among under-five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are more severely affected by diarrhoea than urban children. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated risk factors of the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8,041 under-five children were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of occurrence of diarrhoea with socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors among under-five children. Results: Children aged 6-11 months (AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) as compared to >35 months were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea. Children in Afar region (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01-3.64) and Gambela region (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.81) were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea, but a decreasing prevalence in Somali region (AOR: .42; 95% CI: (.217-.80) as compared to Tigray region. Increasing prevalence of diarrhoea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58); households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77); fourth birth order (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.17-2.79), and fifth and above birth order (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.81) as compared to first order; and mother’s current age 35-49 years in a household with ≥3 under-five children (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45) as compared to those maternal ages of 15-24 years in a household with ≤2 under-five children.Conclusion: The age of a child, sex of a child, region, birth order, toilet facilities shared with other households and the interaction effect of the number of under-five children with mother’s current age are identified as associated risk factors for diarrhoea occurrence among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. The findings show the need for planning and implementing appropriate prevention strategies considering these risk factors for rural under-five children.

scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Risk Factors of Anemia among Children under Five Years of Age in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Nazneen Habib ◽  
Saif-Ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi ◽  
Aneela Afzal ◽  
Sheeba Arooj ◽  
Shahzad Farid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Aims: This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and to analyze its socio-cultural determinants among under five children to devise targeted delivery plan for pharmaceutical interventions to combat anemia. Study Design: To investigate the socio-cultural risk factors, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted to gather data from 384 women and their last child up to five years of age in Muzaffarabad district of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. Methodology: A pretested interview schedule was constructed to collect socio-cultural characteristics of the women and their children. We use convenience sampling which is a non-probability sampling technique for data collection. Two government hospitals were selected for data and blood samples collection from respondents. We use univariate analysis for descriptive statistics and perform bivariate analysis to find the association of anemia with the socio-cultural risk factors. Binary logistic regression is used to calculate odd ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The results were considered statistically significant for p-value <0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia is 47.7%, which is a severe health problem from public health perspective. Among anemic children 74(40.4%) are mildly anemic, 79(43.2%) are suffering from moderate and 30(16.4%) from severe anemia.  Major risk factors of anemia include residential area, parental education, father’s profession, lower family income, maternal knowledge about balanced diet and anemia. Conclusion: It is concluded that anemia among under five children is a multifactorial problem and policymakers should devise targeted pharmaceutical interventions (iron and folic acid supplementation) to combat anemia.

Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated risk factors among children under-five years of age in Efoulan health district- Cameroon, sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tambe Betrand Ayuk ◽  
Nyobe Emilienne Carine ◽  
Nchung Julie Ashu ◽  
Ndzana Anne Christine ◽  
Essa’a Véronique Josette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health District ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Associated Risk Factors
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