scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Risk Factors of Anemia among Children under Five Years of Age in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Nazneen Habib ◽  
Saif-Ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi ◽  
Aneela Afzal ◽  
Sheeba Arooj ◽  
Shahzad Farid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Aims: This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and to analyze its socio-cultural determinants among under five children to devise targeted delivery plan for pharmaceutical interventions to combat anemia. Study Design: To investigate the socio-cultural risk factors, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted to gather data from 384 women and their last child up to five years of age in Muzaffarabad district of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. Methodology: A pretested interview schedule was constructed to collect socio-cultural characteristics of the women and their children. We use convenience sampling which is a non-probability sampling technique for data collection. Two government hospitals were selected for data and blood samples collection from respondents. We use univariate analysis for descriptive statistics and perform bivariate analysis to find the association of anemia with the socio-cultural risk factors. Binary logistic regression is used to calculate odd ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The results were considered statistically significant for p-value <0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia is 47.7%, which is a severe health problem from public health perspective. Among anemic children 74(40.4%) are mildly anemic, 79(43.2%) are suffering from moderate and 30(16.4%) from severe anemia.  Major risk factors of anemia include residential area, parental education, father’s profession, lower family income, maternal knowledge about balanced diet and anemia. Conclusion: It is concluded that anemia among under five children is a multifactorial problem and policymakers should devise targeted pharmaceutical interventions (iron and folic acid supplementation) to combat anemia.

Prevalence of anaemia and it's associated risk factors among under five children at Mukinge Missions Hospital in Kasempa District: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Sampa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

BACKGROUND Anemia is a worldwide major problem known to affect people throughout the world. It has an adverse effect on both the social and economic development. The worldwide prevalence of anemia is 9% in developed nations. The global estimate indicates that 293.1 million of children under five years, approximately 43%, are anaemic worldwide and 28.5% of these children are found in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia specifically Kasempa, no documented studies on prevalence have been done. Despite iron supplementation being given to pregnant women and the availability of blood transfusion. The burden of the disease remains high as determined by high mortality and morbidity. This study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia and the associated risk factors among under-five children at Mukinge Mission Hospital in Kasempa District. Knowledge of prevalence and the associated risk factors of anaemia will enhance early detection and timely management. OBJECTIVE 1.To determine the hemoglobin status of anaemia by its severity among anaemic under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. 2.To assess the association of anaemia with Malaria among under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. METHODS This was a retrospective study review of under-five children that were diagnosed and managed of Anemia at Mukinge Missions Hospital, over the period of period of 2015, 2017 and 2018. .Data of the variables of interest was extracted and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS A sample population of 52 children was included in our study. The majority of the children were females 28 (53.8 %) and 24 (46.2 %) were Males. It was found that moderate and severe anaemia was 17.3% and 82.7 % respectively. Additionally, Majority of the anaemic children (75%) had Normocytic anaemia. The Pearson Chi square test revealed no statistical relationship between the variables; Malaria (p=0.58), Age (P=0.82), Gender (P=0.91). CONCLUSIONS According to our study, 39 (75%) had normal mean corpuscular volume which could suggest chronic diseases and sickle cell anemia. 11 (21.2%) had a low mean corpuscular volume indicating Microcytic anemia which could suggest diseases such as iron deficiency and thalassemia among many other causes. However, we were unable to determine the specific cause of anemia.

scholarly journals LACK OF NUTRITION AND POOR NUTRITION RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN OF 12-59 MONTHS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Dedi Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Risk ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Background, Moderate and severe malnutrition in Pontianak  each years  trend of decreasing prevalence of  cases  malnutrition , but case numbers are still above 10 % . Non Problem Based Health according to WHO , the prevalence of the area is less weight above 10.0 % , while malnutrition has increased  well as the decline is not drastic cases of less nutrition . The prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition in 2011 by weight for age amounted to 18.94 % and 1.94 %, in 2012 10.91 % and 2.75 % , while in 2013 amounted to 10.60 % and 2,47 % . The purpose of this study prove the environmental risk factors that affect the incidence of moderate and malnutrition among children under five years old aged 12-59 months. Method: The type of research was observational using the quantitative study design of case control study. Results, The bivariate analysis found five (5) variables significantly associated with the prevalance of moderate and severe malnutrition in children under five years old aged 12-59 months, i.e.: low maternal education (OR: 7.07 p = 0.001 95% CI 2.06 - 16.079), poor of attitude toward food  (OR: 5.76 p = 0.001 95% CI 2.51 - 19.85), poor environmental sanitation (OR: 4.33 p = 0.004 95% CI -11.06 - 1.69), low family income (OR: 4.20 p = 0.020 95% CI 1.35 - 13.06) and low family income and a larger number of children two (OR : 0,040 p = 0,040 95 % CI 1,14-7,39).  

scholarly journals PAJANAN ASAP DALAM RUMAH TERHADAP KEJADIAN ISPA NONPNEUMONIA PADA ANAK BALITA DI KABUPATEN KAPUAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayae Hugo ◽  
Ova Emilia ◽  
Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

PAJANAN ASAP DALAM RUMAH TERHADAP KEJADIANISPA NONPNEUMONIA PADA ANAK BALITA DI KABUPATENKAPUASMayae Hugo, Ova Emilia,Mei Neni SitaresmiABSTRACTBackground: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) is one of themain causes of disease burden in developing countries,and 40-60% patients visits at the health center. Riskesdes analysis report the under–five children who suffer fromupper respiratory tract infection prevalence 42.8%. ARI occurrence is affected by many factors, includingenvironmental factors. Little attention has been given to indoor air pollution particularly for people in ruralareas, although the known particles of smoke in the room known as the most influential factors on the health ofchildren where children spend most of their time indoorsObjective: To know whether smoke exposure inside the house is a risk factor toward non pneumonia ARI amongunder-five children.Method: This was a study using a case control study design. Subjects were under-five children aged 12-59 monthsold in Kapuas District taken by non probability sampling method. Sample size was 106, divided into two groupsnamely case (n=53) and control (n=53). Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariateanalysis with logistic regression.Result: Non pneumonia ARI had a 2.7 time greater risk of contracting under-five children exposed by smokeinside their house (95%CI=1.16-6.60). Multivariate analysis proportion of house condition which was not reallyhygienic, member of family who contracted ARI, bad nutritional status had a significant relationship to nonpneumonia ARI among under-five children.Conclusion: Non pneumonia ARI among under-five children had a significant relationship to smoke exposureinside the house.Keywords: non pneumonia ARI, smoke exposure inside the house, under-five children   ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama beban penyakit dinegara berkembang. Terdapat 40-60% kunjungan pasien di pusat layanan kesehatan. Analisis Riskesdesmelaporkanprevalensi anak-anak balita yang menderita infeksi saluran pernapasan atas 42,8%. Kejadian ISPA dipengaruhioleh banyak faktor, termasuk faktor lingkungan. Sedikitnya perhatian yang diberikan terhadap polusi udara dalamruangan terutama bagimasyarakat di daerah pedesaan,meskipun partikel yang berasal dari asap di dalam ruangandikenal sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada kesehatan anak di mana anak-anak menghabiskan sebagianbesar waktu mereka di dalam ruangan.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui apakah paparan asap di dalam rumah merupakan faktor risiko terhadap non pneumoniaISPA pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan disain penelitian kasus kontrol. Subyekpenelitian adalah balita berusia 12-59 bulan di Kabupaten Kapuas diambil dengan metode non probabilitysampling. Jumlah sampel adalah 106, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kasus (n=53) dan kelompokkontrol (n=53). Analisis data yang digunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, dan analisis multivariat denganregresi logistik. Hasil dan Pembahasan: ISPA non pneumonia memiliki risiko 2,7 kali lebih besar menjangkiti anak yang terpaparasap di dalam rumah mereka (95% CI=1,16-6,60). Proporsi analisis multivariabel kondisi rumah yang tidak benarbenarhigienis, anggota keluarga yang terjangkit ISPA, status gizi buruk memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadapISPA non pneumonia pada balita.Kesimpulan: ISPA non pneumonia pada balita memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap paparan asap di dalamrumah.Kata kunci: ISPA non pneumonia, paparan asap di dalam rumah, balita

scholarly journals Growth and developmental delay risk factors among under-five children in an inner-city slum area

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-83
Author(s):  
Hartono Gunardi ◽  
Resyana P. Nugraheni ◽  
Annisa R. Yulman ◽  
Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background Growth and developmental delays are common among children under the age of five years (under-five children), especially in slum areas. Early detection and intervention may give better prognoses. Objective To detect growth and developmental delays and related risk factors among under-five children living in an inner-city slum area of the Indonesian capital. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2018 in Tanah Tinggi, Johar Baru District, an inner-city slum area in Central Jakarta. Subjects were healthy children aged 3–60 months. Socioeconomic profile was obtained through questionnaires, anthropometric data through measurements, and developmental status through the Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) instrument. Development was considered to be delayed for KPSP scores <9. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results Of 211 subjects, prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 35.1%, 28.0%, and 20.9%, respectively, meanwhile low maternal education, and low family income were 57.9% and 75%. The prevalence of developmental delay was 10%, while suspected developmental delay was 26.1%. The prevalence increased from age 21 months and peaked at 36 months. Associated risk factors were low maternal education, low family income, underweight weight-for-age, stunted height-for-age, and microcephalic head circumference-for-age. Conclusion Low education and low income were significant risk factors for growth and developmental delay.

scholarly journals Factors associated with nutritional status of under five children among Satar Community of Bhadrapur Municipality, Jhapa, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Sangroula ◽  
Srijana Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition

Background: Adequate feeding is basic right of human being. According to NDHS 2016, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are 36%, 10% and 27% respectively. The prevalence may be more in underprivileged community like Satar community who reside in eastern part of Nepal. This study was conducted to assess the factors associated with under nutrition of under five years children of Satar community in Bhadrapur Municipality.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Bhadrapur Municipality of Jhapa district which were purposively selected. Four wards where Satar community reside were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from research committee of Central Institute of Science and Technology College. Bivariate analysis was performed to detect the factors associated with nutrition status of children.Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were high as compared to national data i.e. 39.5%, 14.2% and 29.5% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, paternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and food frequency was significantly associated with under nutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight). Stunting was significantly associated with age of child and mother and religion. Underweight was associated with religion and weaning of children.Conclusions: High prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are due to socio demographic factors like religion, educational status of father and mother, family income and child feeding practice. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Low intake of essential amino acids and other risk factors of stunting among under-five children in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Rizky Maulidiana ◽  
Endang Sutjiati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: The lack of energy-protein intake has been shown to increase the risk of stunting in under-five children. The quality of protein in food is assessed by the completeness of amino acid content. This study aims to determine the amount of essential amino acid (EAAs) intake and other risk factors of stunting among under-five children.Design and methods: A descriptive, case-control study was performed in the work area of Kedungkandang Health Center Malang. The subjects were 24-59 month-old children with a total of 23 stunted (height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) <-2 SD) and 57 normal children (HAZ ≥-2 SD). Furthermore, the data were collected using anthropometric measurement, validated and pre-tested questionnaires, which were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: The intake of all the nine EAAs in stunted children was lower than that of non-stunted children. However, only histidine, isoleucine, and methionine were significantly different (p<0.05). The significant risk factors of stunting include a family income per month fewer than the Regional Minimum Wages [OR=12.06, 95% CI 1.83-79.53], being underweight [OR=7.11, 95% CI 1.49-33.93], breastfeeding of less than 6 months [OR=5.34, 95% CI 1.28-22.20], and the lack of EAA methionine intake [OR=0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.67]. Conclusions: Stunted children may not receive sufficient dietary intake of EAAs in their diet. Furthermore, the lack of EAAs intake, especially methionine, alongside low family income, underweight, lack of breastfeeding and variety in food consumption were the risk factors of stunting among under-five children in a selected Health Center in Malang City, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

Clinical Profile, Risk-Factors, and Outcome of Rotaviral Diarrhea and Non-rotaviral Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children at Cuttack, Odisha, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subal Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Sumanta Panigrahi ◽  
Pooja Sagar Padhi ◽  
Arjun Sajeev ◽  
Aravind Dharmaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Prevention and Management of Water Borne Diseases among mothers of under five Children in selected areas of Mehsana

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-383
Author(s):  
Manthankumar N. Kapadiya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Water Borne

A quantitative approach was used to assess the knowledge regarding prevention and management of water borne diseases among mothers of under five children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the mothers of under five children for study.100 samples collected from selected areas of mehsana. The duration of data collection was 1 day. The results of the study revealed that majority of the study sample (58.63%) have average knowledge regarding water borne diseases, 71.5% of the study sample having knowledge about causes and risk factors of Water borne diseases, 68.22% of the study sample having knowledge about prevention of Water borne diseases and 70.36% of the study sample having knowledge about management of Water borne diseases.

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