scholarly journals Influence of Scanner Precision and Analysis Software in Quantifying Three-Dimensional Intraoral Changes: Two-Factor Factorial Experimental Design (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoirse O'Toole ◽  
David Bartlett ◽  
Andrew Keeling ◽  
John McBride ◽  
Eduardo Bernabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Primary Care System ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
Profile Loss

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional scans are increasingly used to quantify biological topographical changes and clinical health outcomes. Traditionally, the use of 3D scans has been limited to specialized centers owing to the high cost of the scanning equipment and the necessity for complex analysis software. Technological advances have made cheaper, more accessible methods of data capture and analysis available in the field of dentistry, potentially facilitating a primary care system to quantify disease progression. However, this system has yet to be compared with previous high-precision methods in university hospital settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare a dental primary care method of data capture (intraoral scanner) with a precision hospital-based method (laser profilometer) in addition to comparing open source and commercial software available for data analysis. METHODS Longitudinal dental wear data from 30 patients were analyzed using a two-factor factorial experimental design. Bimaxillary intraoral digital scans (TrueDefinition, 3M, UK) and conventional silicone impressions, poured in type-4 dental stone, were made at both baseline and follow-up appointments (mean 36 months, SD 10.9). Stone models were scanned using precision laser profilometry (Taicaan, Southampton, UK). Three-dimensional changes in both forms of digital scans of the first molars (n=76) were quantitatively analyzed using the engineering software Geomagic Control (3D Systems, Germany) and freeware WearCompare (Leeds Digital Dentistry, UK). Volume change (mm<sup>3</sup>) was the primary measurement outcome. The maximum point loss (μm) and the average profile loss (μm) were also recorded. Data were paired and skewed, and were therefore compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The median (IQR) volume change for Geomagic using profilometry and using the intraoral scan was –0.37 mm<sup>3</sup> (–3.75-2.30) and +0.51 mm<sup>3</sup> (–2.17-4.26), respectively (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Using WearCompare, the median (IQR) volume change for profilometry and intraoral scanning was –1.21 mm<sup>3</sup> (–3.48-0.56) and –0.39 mm<sup>3</sup> (–3.96-2.76), respectively (<i>P</i>=.04). WearCompare detected significantly greater volume loss than Geomagic regardless of scanner type. No differences were observed between groups with respect to the maximum point loss or average profile loss. CONCLUSIONS As expected, the method of data capture, software used, and measurement metric all significantly influenced the measurement outcome. However, when appropriate analysis was used, the primary care system was able to quantify the degree of change and can be recommended depending on the accuracy needed to diagnose a condition. Lower-resolution scanners may underestimate complex changes when measuring at the micron level.

scholarly journals Influence of Scanner Precision and Analysis Software in Quantifying Three-Dimensional Intraoral Changes: Two-Factor Factorial Experimental Design

10.2196/17150 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e17150
Author(s):  
Saoirse O'Toole ◽  
David Bartlett ◽  
Andrew Keeling ◽  
John McBride ◽  
Eduardo Bernabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Primary Care System ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
Profile Loss

Background Three-dimensional scans are increasingly used to quantify biological topographical changes and clinical health outcomes. Traditionally, the use of 3D scans has been limited to specialized centers owing to the high cost of the scanning equipment and the necessity for complex analysis software. Technological advances have made cheaper, more accessible methods of data capture and analysis available in the field of dentistry, potentially facilitating a primary care system to quantify disease progression. However, this system has yet to be compared with previous high-precision methods in university hospital settings. Objective The aim of this study was to compare a dental primary care method of data capture (intraoral scanner) with a precision hospital-based method (laser profilometer) in addition to comparing open source and commercial software available for data analysis. Methods Longitudinal dental wear data from 30 patients were analyzed using a two-factor factorial experimental design. Bimaxillary intraoral digital scans (TrueDefinition, 3M, UK) and conventional silicone impressions, poured in type-4 dental stone, were made at both baseline and follow-up appointments (mean 36 months, SD 10.9). Stone models were scanned using precision laser profilometry (Taicaan, Southampton, UK). Three-dimensional changes in both forms of digital scans of the first molars (n=76) were quantitatively analyzed using the engineering software Geomagic Control (3D Systems, Germany) and freeware WearCompare (Leeds Digital Dentistry, UK). Volume change (mm3) was the primary measurement outcome. The maximum point loss (μm) and the average profile loss (μm) were also recorded. Data were paired and skewed, and were therefore compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction. Results The median (IQR) volume change for Geomagic using profilometry and using the intraoral scan was –0.37 mm3 (–3.75-2.30) and +0.51 mm3 (–2.17-4.26), respectively (P<.001). Using WearCompare, the median (IQR) volume change for profilometry and intraoral scanning was –1.21 mm3 (–3.48-0.56) and –0.39 mm3 (–3.96-2.76), respectively (P=.04). WearCompare detected significantly greater volume loss than Geomagic regardless of scanner type. No differences were observed between groups with respect to the maximum point loss or average profile loss. Conclusions As expected, the method of data capture, software used, and measurement metric all significantly influenced the measurement outcome. However, when appropriate analysis was used, the primary care system was able to quantify the degree of change and can be recommended depending on the accuracy needed to diagnose a condition. Lower-resolution scanners may underestimate complex changes when measuring at the micron level.

scholarly journals Maneuverability of the Scope and Instruments within Three Different Single-Incision Laparoscopic Ports: An Experimental Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Georg Haider ◽  
Ursula Schulz ◽  
Nikola Katic ◽  
Christian Peham ◽  
Gilles Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Port System ◽  
Sils Port ◽  
Glove Port ◽  
Analysis System

Single-port access systems (SPASs) are currently used in human and veterinary surgeries. However, they pose technical challenges, such as instrument crowding, intra- and extracorporeal instrument collision, and reduced maneuverability. Studies comparing the maneuverability of the scopes and instruments in different SPASs are lacking. This study aimed to compare the maneuverability of three different SPASs: the Covidien SILS-port, Storz Endocone, and glove port. A clear acrylic box with artificial skin placed at the bottom was used to mimic the abdominal wall and cavity. The three SPASs were placed from below, and a 10-mm endoscope and 5-mm instrument were introduced. A motion analysis system consisting of 18 cameras and motion analysis software were used to track the movement of the endoscope and instrument, to determine the volume of the cone-shaped, three-dimensional figures over which movement was possible, with higher values indicating greater maneuverability. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the analysis. The maneuverability of the endoscope alone was significantly higher in the glove port system than in the other two SPASs. When inserting an additional instrument, the maneuverability significantly decreased in the SILS-port and Endocone, but not in the glove port. The highest maneuverability overall was found in the glove port.

scholarly journals An algorithm for delineating and extracting hillslopes and hillslope width functions from gridded elevation data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 8865-8901
Author(s):  
P. Noel ◽  
A. N. Rousseau ◽  
C. Paniconi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Resolution

Abstract. Subdivision of catchment into appropriate hydrological units is essential to represent rainfall-runoff processes in hydrological modelling. The commonest units used for this purpose are hillslopes (e.g. Fan and Bras, 1998; Troch et al., 2003). Hillslope width functions can therefore be utilised as one-dimensional representation of three-dimensional landscapes by introducing profile curvatures and plan shapes. An algorithm was developed to delineate and extract hillslopes and hillslope width functions by introducing a new approach to calculate an average profile curvature and plan shape. This allows the algorithm to be independent of digital elevation model resolution and to associate hillslopes to nine elementary landscapes according to Dikau (1989). This algortihm was tested on two flat and steep catchments of the province of Quebec, Canada. Results showed great area coverage for hillslope width function over individual hillslopes and entire watershed.

scholarly journals Estimating the Costs of Implementing Comprehensive Primary Care: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233339281984248
Author(s):  
Grant R. Martsolf ◽  
Ryan Kandrack ◽  
Mark W. Friedberg ◽  
Brian Briscombe ◽  
Peter S. Hussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Primary Care System ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Illness Burden ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Primary Care Practices ◽  
Limited Generalizability ◽  
Care System

The performance of the any health-care system relies on a high-functioning primary care system. Increasing primary care practices’ adoption of “comprehensive primary care” capabilities might yield meaningful improvements in the quality and efficiency of primary care. However, many comprehensive primary care capabilities, such as care management and coordination, are not compensated via traditional fee-for-service payment. To calculate new payments for these capabilities, policymakers would need estimates of the costs that practices incur when adopting, maintaining, and using the capabilities. We performed a narrative review of the existing literature on the costs of adopting and implementing comprehensive primary care capabilities. These studies have found that practices incur significant costs when adopting and implementing comprehensive primary care capabilities. However, the studies had significant limitations that prevent extensive use of their estimates for payment policy. Particularly, the strongest studies focused on a small numbers of practices in specific geographic areas and the concepts and methods used to assess costs varied greatly across the studies. Furthermore, none of the studies in our review attempted to estimate differences in costs across practices with patients at varying levels of complexity and illness burden which is important for risk-adjusting payments to practices. Therefore, due to the heterogeneous designs and limited generalizability of published studies highlight the need for additional research, especially if payers wish to link their financial support for comprehensive primary care capabilities to the costs of these capabilities for primary care practices.

Study on the Conversion Method of Three-Dimensional Shape Prediction Model of BGA Solder Joints

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 1693-1696
Author(s):  
Hua Bin Zhao ◽  
De Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Solder Joints ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ball Grid Array ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Surface Evolver ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shape Prediction ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Point Line ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

In the study of three-dimensional shape prediction of SMT solder joints, the software Surface Evolver has been widely applied as a quick and accurate effective tool for the prediction of solder joints shape. But the model it builds is not able to be directly imported into any finite element analysis software like ANSYS, and even after the import it still needs a lot of time to mend the import model. For this issue, to predict of the solder joints shape of ball grid array (BGA), the implement programs of three conversion methods of point-line-area method, axisymmetric method and infinitesimal method are given. By comparison, axisymmetric method and infinitesimal method are more suitable for the shape conversion of BGA solder joints.

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