Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with Atmospheric Pollution on the Spread of COVID-19 Using Open Data from the Internet: Italy as an Example (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Chen ◽  
Po-Hsun Cheng ◽  
Hsien-Da Lee ◽  
Tin-Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

BACKGROUND As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spreads worldwide, some attention has focused on studying the relationship between atmospheric pollution and the disease. Fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) is the most harmful form of atmospheric pollution because it can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the blood stream unfiltered. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of risk factors associated with atmospheric pollution on the spread of COVID-19, taking Italy as an example. METHODS For descriptive statistical methods, the statistics of minimum, maximum, mean, median, standard deviation, rank, mean rank, and rank summation as well as time-series charts were used to depict the profiles of the relations among these input and output variables. For inferential statistical methods, Mann-Whitney U tests and Pearson, Kendall, and Spearman correlation tests were introduced to obtain more reliable conclusions regarding the study topic. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that higher PM2.5 concentration and an industrial orientation may increase the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, 3-week time-shift and nonlinear relations may be optimal for use with PM2.5 concentration for predicting the spread of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our results empirically proved that certain risk factors associated with atmospheric pollution (such as PM2.5 concentration and industrial orientation) affect the spread of COVID-19. In future analyses, additional factors that may affect the outcomes of COVID-19 as well as data from other countries will be included to obtain more complete conclusions. CLINICALTRIAL None.

Young Offenders in Custody: Risk and Adjustment

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cesaroni ◽  
Michele Peterson-Badali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
The Relationship

This article explored results from a study of 113 incarcerated male youths, who were age 12 to 15 at the time of their indexed offense. Using a widely used, normed measure of psychosocial functioning, the study examined the relationship between preexisting risk factors and/or institutional risk factors and adjustment in custody. Preexisting risk or vulnerability significantly predicted adjustment to custody, as did several risk factors within facilities (worry about victimization, perceiving victimization as likely, and experiencing conflicts with inmates as difficult). Risk factors associated with institutional life appeared to contribute to a young person’s adjustment beyond the risk factors a young person may walk into an institution with. One commonly used measure of institutional functioning, number of custodial rule infractions, did not appear to be a valid indicator of how a youth felt or adjusted to a facility. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment Among Singletons and Multiple Births in Japan: A Population-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshie Yokoyama ◽  
Terumi Oda ◽  
Noriyo Nagai ◽  
Masako Sugimoto ◽  
Kenji Mizukami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The occurrence of multiple births has been recognized as a risk factor for child maltreatment. However, few population-based studies have examined the relationship between multiple births and child maltreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of risk of child maltreatment among singletons and multiple births in Japan and to identify factors associated with increased risk. Methods: Using population-based data, we analyzed the database of records on child maltreatment and medical checkups for infants aged 1.5 years filed at Nishinomiya City Public Health Center between April 2007 and March 2011. To protect personal information, the data were transferred to anonymized electronic files for analysis. Results: After adjusting by logistic regression for each associated factor and gestation number, multiples themselves were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples had a significantly higher rate of risk factors for child maltreatment, including low birth weight and neural abnormality. Moreover, compared with mothers of singleton, mothers of twins had a significantly higher rate of poor health, which is a risk factor of child maltreatment. Conclusion: Multiples were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples and their mothers had a significantly higher rate of risk factors of child maltreatment.

scholarly journals The clinical importance of microscopic hematuria and hydronephrosis in urolithiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Kokulu ◽  
ekrem taha sert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Microscopic Hematuria ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Contrast Ct ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of hydronephrosis and the presence of microscopic hematuria in patients that presented to the emergency department (ED) with ureteral stones. Methods: The records of patients who presented to our ED due to urolithiasis between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged 18 years or older who underwent non-contrast computed tomography (CT abdomen/pelvis) and urinalysis (UA) and were diagnosed with ureteral stones were included in the study. Radiology reports were reviewed for stone size, localization, and degree of hydronephrosis. Patients with and without microscopic hematuria and the degree of hydronephrosis were compared. Results: A total of 476 patients were included, which consisted of 391 with microscopic hematuria and 85 without microscopic hematuria. The median stone size was 4.1 mm in the presence of microscopic hematuria and 5.5 mm in the absence of microscopic hematuria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with the development of hydronephrosis. Stone size [odds ratio (OR):2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.12-4.16, p<0.001), presence of pyuria (OR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.78-3.48, p<0.001), and absence of microscopic hematuria (OR: 1.31, 95%CI 1.04-2.89, p=0.017) were identified as risk factors for moderate and severe hydronephrosis. Conclusion: We consider that non-contrast CT imaging is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of emergency cases in which microscopic hematuria is not detected in urinalysis since their stone size may be larger and degree of hydronephrosis may be more severe.

To determine risk factors associated with nephrolithiasis in patients suffering from Diabetes type II

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204-1211
Author(s):  
Hafsa Talat ◽  
Saba Ashraf ◽  
Taiba Suleman ◽  
Gull e Hina ◽  
Ali Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim to conduct this study is to see the patients suffering from diabetes type II having nephrolithiasis and the relationship of different risk factors that can also contribute to cause nephrolithiasis. Introduction: Nephrolithiasis is the condition in which stones are present in the kidneys. We studied nephrolithiasis in diabetes type II patients. We also examined different risk factors that are associated with nephrolithiasis. Then we evaluate the size of the stone, location, and the number of stones using ultrasonography.

scholarly journals Patient Factors associated with Adherence and Change in Cardiac Risk Factors among Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Saad ◽  
Mohammed Al- Hashemi ◽  
Theodoros Papasavvas ◽  
Karam Turk-Adawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cardiac Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in Qatar (1). Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a secondary prevention model of care for cardiac patients. It is proven that CR reduces cardiovascular mortality by 20% (2). However, CR is underutilized worldwide, with low enrolment and adherence rates (3). This study aims (a) to investigate factors associated with adherence (median number of sessions, i.e. 21), and (b) to examine the relationship between adherence and change in cardiac risk factors, i.e. blood pressure, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Method: This retrospective cohort study included 714 cardiac patients, aged ≥18 years, who were referred to the cardiac rehabilitation program in Qatar. Data were collected from patients records from January 2013-September 2018. Logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with adherence. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between number of CR sessions attended and changes in cardiac risk factors. Results: The mean age of the study population was 52.7±10.1 years (mean ± SD). The majority of patients were males (n=641, 89.8%) and non-Qatari (n= 596, 83.5%),i.e. similar to Qatar population profile of 75% males and 15% Qatari, one fourth were smokers (n=185, 25.91%), and one fifth (n=128, 18.8%) had severe depression. Patients with AACVPR moderate- and high-risk levels were more likely to adhere compared to those with low risk. Percutaneous intervention and musculoskeletal disease were negatively associated with adherence. We found clinically significant improvements among adherents compared to non-adherents; reduction of 10% in cholesterol, and 15% in low density lipo-protein. Conclusion: This study provides new insights in Qatar, setting into factors that lead patients to adhere to their CR sessions. These factors represent opportunities for targeted interventions to improve CR utilization.

Evaluation of risk factors associated with denosumab induced hypocalcemia.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Sergio Alberto Trevino Manllo ◽  
Pushpinderdeep Khalon ◽  
Ravneet Thind ◽  
Roma Bhatia ◽  
Haythem Y. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Skeletal Related Events ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Review Criteria

144 Background: Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes RANKL preventing osteoclast activation. It has been shown to be superior to zoledronic acid in preventing skeletal-related events in breast cancer with bone metastases. Hypocalcemia has been reported as a common side effect. The aim is to evaluate the risk factors associated with denosumab induce hypocalcemia. Methods: Retrospective study in which 144 charts were reviewed. Baseline characteristics: age, gender, race, type of cancer, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, PTH, creatinine levels, GFR and corrected calcium were obtained. Tumors were classified in hormone sensitive versus non-sensitive. Charts were reviewed to evaluate for the development and severity of hypocalcemia as defined by the international review criteria. A multivariant analysis to evaluate the relationship between hypocalcemia and the variables of interest was done. Results: Hypocalcemia was observed in 71 of 144 patients. Grade 2 hypocalcemia was the most common. Significantly lower levels of GFR at baseline were detected in patients withhypocalcemia. Hormone responsive tumors were significantly less likely to develop hypocalcemia. Conclusions: Despite adequate supplementation of vitamin D and calcium, hypocalcemia is a common side effect of Denosumab. Careful monitoring of calcium levels is necessary especially in chronic kidney disease and hormone insensitive tumors. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Impact of Meteorological Conditions on PM2.5 Pollution in China during Winter

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Xu ◽  
Wenbo Xue ◽  
Yu Lei ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Shuiyuan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a risk to human health. In January 2017, the PM2.5 pollution in China was severe, and the average PM2.5 concentration had increased by 14.7% compared to that in January 2016. Meteorological conditions greatly influence PM2.5 pollution. The relationship between PM2.5 and meteorological factors was assessed using monitoring data and the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) was used to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of variations of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 pollution. The results indicate that variations of meteorological conditions between January 2017 and January 2016 caused an increase of 13.6% in the national mean concentration of PM2.5. Unlike the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), where meteorological conditions were favorable, unfavorable meteorological conditions (such as low wind speed, high humidity, low boundary layer height and low rainfall) contributed to PM2.5 concentration worsening by 29.7%, 42.6% and 7.9% in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (JJJ) region, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and the Chengdu-Chongqing (CYB) region, respectively. Given the significant influence of local meteorology on PM2.5 concentration, more emphasis should be placed on employing meteorological means to improve local air quality.

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