scholarly journals Child Maltreatment Among Singletons and Multiple Births in Japan: A Population-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshie Yokoyama ◽  
Terumi Oda ◽  
Noriyo Nagai ◽  
Masako Sugimoto ◽  
Kenji Mizukami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The occurrence of multiple births has been recognized as a risk factor for child maltreatment. However, few population-based studies have examined the relationship between multiple births and child maltreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of risk of child maltreatment among singletons and multiple births in Japan and to identify factors associated with increased risk. Methods: Using population-based data, we analyzed the database of records on child maltreatment and medical checkups for infants aged 1.5 years filed at Nishinomiya City Public Health Center between April 2007 and March 2011. To protect personal information, the data were transferred to anonymized electronic files for analysis. Results: After adjusting by logistic regression for each associated factor and gestation number, multiples themselves were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples had a significantly higher rate of risk factors for child maltreatment, including low birth weight and neural abnormality. Moreover, compared with mothers of singleton, mothers of twins had a significantly higher rate of poor health, which is a risk factor of child maltreatment. Conclusion: Multiples were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples and their mothers had a significantly higher rate of risk factors of child maltreatment.

scholarly journals 701. Blood Stream Infection And Risk Of Endocarditis Following Cardiac Valve Repair: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S401-S401
Author(s):  
Jack McHugh ◽  
Talha Khawaja ◽  
Larry M Baddour ◽  
Larry M Baddour ◽  
Juan Crestanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiac Valve ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) confer an increased risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with a prosthetic cardiac valve. This relationship is less well established in patients undergoing valve repair. We conducted a retrospective population-based study to determine the incidence of BSIs following valve repair and identify risk factors associated with the development of IE. Methods The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) data linkage system was used to identify all persons who underwent valve repair in a 7-county region in Southeastern Minnesota between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. Medical records were screened for the development of a BSI from time of procedure until May 15, 2020. Patients were classified as having BSI only, BSI with IE at outset, or BSI with subsequent development of new IE. IE at outset was defined as cases where IE was diagnosed at the time of initial positive blood culture. Results A total of 387 patients underwent valve repair surgery. A total of 31 (8%) patients subsequently developed a BSI, 4% within one year of surgery. Seventeen patients underwent mitral repair with annuloplasty, 9 underwent tricuspid annuloplasty, and 5 had concurrent repairs. Median time to the development of BSI was 338 days. Of the 31 patients with BSI, 4 (13%) had BSI with IE at outset. No patients developed IE subsequent to BSI, Enterococcus spp. was responsible for 3 cases of IE, and MSSA for 1. All cases occurred within one year of surgery. Given the low incidence, statistical analysis of associated risk factors for IE was not feasible. All patients with BSI and IE at outset, however, died by the end of the study period, versus 11/27 in the BSI only group. Conclusion Incidence of BSIs was higher in patients undergoing cardiac valve repair than in the general population. The incidence of IE with a BSI was 13%, which is lower than what has been previously published. It is notable that all cases of IE occurred within one year of surgery. Recognizing that endothelialization of device surfaces occurs, it is tempting to speculate that the risk of IE may be time dependent and may decline over time. Subsequent investigation of this theory is underway. Disclosures Larry M. Baddour, MD, Boston Scientific (Consultant)

Abstract 1158: Sudden Death in Children with Cardiomyopathy: Long Term Follow-Up from a National Population-Based Study of Childhood Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Bharucha ◽  
Andrew M Davis ◽  
Christian Turner ◽  
Robert Justo ◽  
Terry Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction Better data regarding the incidence and risk factors for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children with cardiomyopathy (CM) is critical in defining appropriate primary prevention strategies. Methods The National Australian Childhood Cardiomyopathy Study is a prospective cohort study, including all children in Australia with primary CM diagnosed at 0 – 10 years of age, between 1987–1997. SCD was defined as sudden and unexpected death in children who were not hospitalized and not in congestive heart failure at the time of death. Nine subjects with sudden death as presenting symptom were excluded. Indexed echocardiographic measurements at latest follow-up were compared between subjects with SCD and survivors. Results Study criteria were met by 291 children. Mean duration of follow-up was 9.2 years. The incidence of sudden death relative to each CM type, for all cases and as a proportion of deaths, is shown in the Table : Incidence of SCD by CM type. SCD incidence was significantly associated with CM type, for all cases ( p = 0.006) and when only those subjects who died were considered ( p = 0.005), with LVNC and RCM having up to 4 times the risk of other CM types. Children with familial DCM had a significantly higher rate of SCD than subjects with non-familial CM (12% vs 3%; p = 0.028), however, familial CM was not a risk factor in other CM types. DCM SCD subjects had larger LVEDd Z score than survivors (median 5.53 vs 1.16; p <0.0001) and lower FS Z score (median −9.23 vs −0.51; p = 0.0025). HCM SCD subjects had thicker LVPW dimension Z scores than survivors (median 4.63 vs 1.18; p = 0.007). Twelve subjects (2 DCM, 8 HCM and 2 LVNC) underwent ICD implantation (8/12 for primary prevention). Conclusions: This population based study defines new risk factors for sudden death in children with CM. RCM is well known to have a high incidence of SCD. In addition, children with LVNC and those with DCM who have severe dilatation, systolic dysfunction or familial DCM are at increased risk of sudden death.

scholarly journals Endogenous sex hormone levels in men are not associated with risk of venous thromboembolism: the Tromsø study

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Svartberg ◽  
Sigrid K Brækkan ◽  
Gail A Laughlin ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesLow testosterone levels in men have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis and lately also an increased risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. As arterial CVDs and venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been shown to share common risk factors, the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of endogenous sex hormone levels on the incidence of VTE in a cohort of men.DesignA prospective, population-based study.MethodsSex hormone measurements were available in 1350 men, aged 50–84, participating in the Tromsø study in 1994–1995. First, lifetime VTE-events during the follow-up were registered up to September 1 2007.ResultsThere were 63 incident VTE-events (4.5 per 1000 person-years) during a mean of 10.4 years of follow-up. Age was significantly associated with increased risk of VTE; men 70 years or older had a 2.5-fold higher risk of VTE (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.19–5.12), compared with those between 50 and 60 years of age. In age-adjusted analyses, endogenous sex hormones levels were not associated with risk of VTE; for each s.d. increase, hazards ratios (95% CI) were 1.06 (0.83–1.35) for total testosterone, 1.02 (0.79–1.33) for free testosterone, and 1.27 (0.94–1.71) for ln-estradiol. In dichotomized analyses comparing men in the lowest total and free testosterone quartile with men in the higher quartiles, hypoandrogenemia was not associated with risk of VTE.ConclusionsIn this population-based study of middle-aged and older men, endogenous sex hormone levels were not associated with 10-year risk of VTE.

The contribution of pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) risk factors to the risk of stroke or heart attack among non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10082-10082
Author(s):  
Talya Salz ◽  
Emily Craig Zabor ◽  
Peter de Nully Brown ◽  
Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton ◽  
Nirupa Jaya Raghunathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hospital Discharge Register ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk

10082 Background: Increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) among NHL survivors is commonly attributed to NHL treatment. The extent to which pre-existing CV risk factors also contribute to increased risk is unknown. We investigated this association among an entire national population of NHL survivors who have a full range of important CV risk factors. Methods: Using Danish population-based registries, we identified all adults diagnosed with primary aggressive NHL from 2000-2010 and followed them for MI and CVA from 9 months after diagnosis through 2012. MI and CVA diagnoses were ascertained from the nationwide Hospital Discharge Register and Cause of Death Register. CV risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes), vascular disease, and intrinsic heart disease prevalent at NHL diagnosis were ascertained algorithmically using the National Prescription Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. Cumulative anthracycline dose was coded continuously. Receipt of radiation was coded dichotomously for both chest and neck. Controlling for age, sex, treatment, and CV diseases, we used Cox multivariate regression to test the association between pre-existing CV risk factors and subsequent CVA or MI. Results: Among 2604 patients with NHL, median age was 62, and median follow-up time was 2.4 years. Overall, 131 patients were diagnosed with MI or CVA. Before NHL diagnosis, 40% of patients had at ≥1 CV risk factor, 13% had vascular disease, and 6% had intrinsic heart disease. 90% of the patients were treated with anthracyclines, 9% had received chest radiation, and 15% had received neck radiation. Patients with ≥1 CV risk factor had an increased risk of MI or CVA compared to patients with none (HR = 1.5 [95% CI = 1.1-2.2). Prevalent vascular disease, prevalent intrinsic heart disease, and NHL treatment were not associated with MI or CVA (p’s > 0.05). Conclusions: In a large, well-characterized, and nationally representative cohort of NHL survivors, prevalent CV risk factors were associated with later CVA and MI. To prevent MI and CVA among survivors, decisions about post-treatment monitoring should take into account prevalent CV risk.

scholarly journals Relative impact of maternal depression and associated risk factors on offspring psychopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Barker ◽  
William Copeland ◽  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Sara R. Jaffee ◽  
Rudolf Uher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Internalising Disorders ◽  
Depressed Mothers

BackgroundIn general, mothers with depression experience more environmental and family risk factors, and lead riskier lifestyles, than mothers who are not depressed.AimsTo test whether the exposure of a child to risk factors associated with mental health adds to the prediction of child psychopathology beyond exposure to maternal depression.MethodIn 7429 mother–offspring pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the UK, maternal depression was assessed when the children were aged 1.5 years; multiple risk factor exposures were examined between birth and 2 years of age; and DSM-IV-based externalising and internalising diagnoses were evaluated when the children were 7.5 years of age.ResultsChildren of clinically depressed mothers were exposed to more risk factors associated with maternal mental health. Maternal depression increased diagnoses of externalising and internalising disorders, but a substantial portion of these associations was explained by increased risk factor exposure (41% for externalising and 37% for internalising disorders). At the same time, these risk exposures significantly increased the odds of both externalising and internalising diagnoses, over and above the influence of maternal depression.ConclusionsChildren of clinically depressed mothers are exposed to both maternal psychopathology and risks that are associated with maternal mental health. These results may explain why treating mothers with depression shows beneficial effects for children, but does not completely neutralise the increased risk of psychopathology and impairment.

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