Changes in the contents of the oral flora, in gingival hypertrophy caused by fixed orthodontic appliances (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Robo ◽  
Saimir Heta ◽  
Enxhi Gjumsi ◽  
Vera Ostreni
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Gingival Hypertrophy

BACKGROUND The placement of orthodontic apparatus in the oral cavity, according to the literature, should influence the alteration of oral flora, especially the subgingival one. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the subgingival flora of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, regardless of placement time. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to evaluate the subgingival flora of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, regardless of placement time. METHODS In 3 cases of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, a bacterial sample of the gingival sulcus was taken for laboratory examination. Patients were clinically evaluated for the presence or tendency, of having gingival hypertrophy. RESULTS Results from the 3 cases included in the study, 1 of them came up with Streptococcus Anginosus positive, Doxycilin-sensitive. The tendency for gingival hypertrophy was maximal 3% to 1.5% respectively in each patient. In the patient with different oral flora, daily topical treatment with tetracycline, placed in the gingival sulcus, was applied. CONCLUSIONS Alteration of the oral flora with the placement of fixed orthodontic appliances is not a fully verifiable fact, as it indicates the patient's follow-up, at the time of placement of the apparatus and until removal after orthodontic treatment, depending on the 2-3-year period of treatment. The tendency for gingival hypertrophy is apparently high, versus the presence of fixed orthodontic apparatus.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DENTAL EDUCATION AND ORAL HYGIENE OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
S. Yu Kosyuga ◽  
D. I Botova
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Hygienic Condition ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

During long-term orthodontic treatment there are various complications associated with a reduction in the level of hygiene. The article is devoted to the study of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and the level of dental education in dynamics in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The examination and questioning of 40 patients aged from 18 to 35 years with fixed orthodontic appliances. In patients after 12 months of use braces deteriorating hygienic condition of the oral cavity. Care should be taken to inform patients about the care products and hygiene items, and their rational use, depending on the timing of orthodontic treatment and dental status.

scholarly journals Seven-year follow-up of a patient with hereditary gingival fibromatosis treated with a multidisciplinary approach: case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Wenfang Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Hongning Wang ◽  
Tiejun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Gingival Enlargement ◽  
Gingival Fibromatosis

Abstract Background Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is rare in clinical practice, and the long-term results of the combined orthodontic-periodontal treatment of HGF are rarely reported. Case presentation This study reports for the first time the results of seven years of follow-up in a seven-year-old girl with HGF. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical signs, family history and histopathological examination. First, periodontal scaling and oral hygiene reinforcement were performed regularly in the mixed dentition stage. Next, gingivoplasty was performed on the permanent dentition. Two months after the surgery, treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances was conducted. The teeth were polished on a monthly basis, and oral hygiene was reinforced to control gingival enlargement. Gingival hypertrophy recurred slightly, and gingivectomies were performed in the months following the start of orthodontic treatment. Follow-up was performed for 24 months with orthodontic retention, and gingival enlargement remained stable after the combined treatment. Conclusions The risk of gingival hyperplasia recurrence during and after orthodontic treatment is high, but satisfying long-term outcomes can be achieved with gingivectomy, malocclusion correction, and regular follow-up maintenance.

scholarly journals Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on nonmicrobial salivary parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis P. Zogakis ◽  
Erez Koren ◽  
Shlomit Gorelik ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg ◽  
Miriam Shalish
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ph Decrease

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine possible changes in the levels of salivary antioxidants, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, pH, proteins, and blood in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Salivary samples from 21 orthodontic patients who met specific inclusion criteria were collected before the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0; baseline), 1 hour after bonding (T1), and 4–6 weeks after bonding (T2). Oxidant-scavenging ability (OSA) was quantified using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Cortisol and CRP levels were measured using immunoassay kits. pH levels and presence of proteins and blood in the samples were quantified using strip-based tests. Results: A significant decrease in salivary pH was observed after bonding (P = .013). An increase in oxidant-scavenging abilities during orthodontic treatment was detected, but the change was not statistically significant. Cortisol and CRP levels slightly increased after bonding, but the difference was small without statistical significance. Changes in the presence of proteins and blood were also insignificant. Conclusions: Exposure to fixed orthodontic appliances did not show a significant effect on salivary parameters related to inflammation or stress, with the exception of a significant but transient pH decrease after bonding.

Salivary Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Esfehani ◽  
Bahareh Mohammad Zahraiee ◽  
Sepideh Arab ◽  
Fatemeh Hajmanoochehri ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Vatandoust
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess salivary sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 13 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment using the spitting method. Saliva samples were also collected from 10 healthy individuals as controls. The saliva samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and the salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were almost the same in both groups at baseline (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium levels were noted in the case group at 1 week compared with baseline (P < 0.001). At 1 week, the potassium concentration was significantly higher and the sodium concentration was significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.01). The salivary sodium significantly increased while the salivary potassium significantly decreased at 1 month compared with 1 week (P < 0.001). The differences with the control group were also significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups at 3 months (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Time has a significant effect on the release profile of sodium and potassium ions from orthodontic appliances. The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations returned to their normal pretreatment values within 3 months after the start of fixed orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: A retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Boke ◽  
Cagri Gazioglu ◽  
Sevil Akkaya ◽  
Murat Akkaya
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health. Materials and Methods: A total of 251 patients among whom 177 were girls and 74 were boys, recruited from the records pool of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, were included in the study. Patients’ treatments have been completed by postgraduate students during the period between 2006 and 2012. Patients’ folders were analyzed according to their age, treatment time, and the type of orthodontic treatment. Intra-oral photographs were analyzed, and the presence or absence of visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession were recorded, and incisor inclinations analyzed on lateral cephalometric films, before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in patients treated with functional appliances before and after treatment. In patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession showed significant increases after treatment, gingival biotype did not show any significant difference. Positive correlation was found between lower incisor position and gingival recession in patients treated with fixed appliance and extraction. And also cuspids were the teeth with the highest prevalence of gingival recession. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health, cooperation among patients, orthodontists, and periodontists is important.

scholarly journals Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imani ◽  
Hamid Mozaffari ◽  
Mazaher Ramezani ◽  
Masoud Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Nickel and chromium ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances may act as allergens. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary levels of these ions by doing a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and cohort studies. The Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for articles on salivary profile of nickel or chromium in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment published from January 1983 to October 2017. A random-effect meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the quality of questionnaire was evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Fourteen studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. Salivary nickel level was higher in periods of 10 min or less (MD = −11.5 µg/L, 95% CI = −16.92 to −6.07; P < 0.0001) and one day (MD = −1.38 µg/L, 95% CI = −1.97 to −0.80; P < 0.00001) after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (before the insertion of appliance). Salivary chromium level was higher in periods of one day (MD = −6.25 µg/L, 95% CI = −12.00 to −0.49; P = 0.03) and one week (MD = −2.07 µg/L, 95% CI = −3.88 to −0.26; P = 0.03) after the initiation of treatment compared to baseline. Corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to elevated salivary nickel and chromium concentrations early after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Randomized clinical trials controlling for factors affecting the saliva composition are recommended on a higher number of patients and among different ethnicities.

scholarly journals Essential Attributes of Clear Aligner Therapy in terms of Appliance Configuration, Hygiene, and Pain Levels during the Pandemic: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anand Marya ◽  
Adith Venugopal ◽  
Nikhilesh Vaid ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Clear Aligner

Fixed orthodontic treatment has been compromised at many levels during the pandemic period, as clinics underwent a prolonged lockdown and patients could not be treated regularly. With the end of the pandemic nowhere in sight, may be it is time to put newer tools, such as clear aligner therapy, for better use. Fixed orthodontic appliances by nature are not always self-limiting, which, if left unmonitored over a long period may cause undesirable side effects, pain, and discomfort. The undesired tooth movements that may occur with arch wire-guided mechanics in addition to problems with cut wires or removed brackets may be minimized with the use of aligners. While the benefits of using aligners are for all to see, they do require extensive planning and careful evaluation of the progress. This article reviews the advantages of using aligners during the pandemic period and how it can be beneficial in helping orthodontists resume their practice.

scholarly journals The effect of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on white spot lesions incidence and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Elfira Maharani ◽  
Dyah Karunia ◽  
Pinandi Sri Pudyani
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Least Square ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as Edgewise and Straightwire techniques, can increase the amount of plaque retention containing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which can lead to white spot lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on the incidence of white spot lesions and accumulation of S. mutans. Methods: The samples consisted of three groups: control group (n=8), Edgewise technique group, and Straightwire technique group. We observed the samples at the sixth month and eighth month of the treatment, after the installation of the fixed orthodontic appliances. The observation of white spot lesions with caries detector was applied in all regions. Bacterial swabs were acquired in the lateral incisor region, then a bacterial culture procedure was carried out on selective media of S. mutans, and then a bacterial count was performed. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA, the post-hoc least square differences test, and the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The number of white spot lesions in the Edgewise group was higher than in the Straightwire group in the sixth and eighth month of treatment with insignificant difference (p>0.05). The number of S. mutans bacteria increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the number of white spot lesions with the accumulation of S. mutans between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Edgewise and Straightwire techniques increase the incidence of white spot lesions but accumulation of S. mutans with the incidence of white spot lesions has no relationship.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological studies of periodontal inflammatory complications at orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
G R Khaliullina ◽  
S L Blashkova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Devices

The review of clinical and immunologic studies of periodontal inflammatory diseases is presented. At present, the most effective tools for treatment of malocclusions are fixed orthodontic appliances (dental braces), but the use of fixed appliances complicates the oral hygiene, predisposes to periodontal and gum inflammation. The rate of complications diagnosed during orthodontic treatment stays high. The principles of periodontal inflammatory diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis) treatment are closely related with the causes and mechanisms of periodontal inflammation. Patients who receive orthodontic treatment using braces should be treated as a group with a high risk for inflammatory periodontal diseases. The orthodontic devices stimulate the directed reorganization of periodontal structures achieving optimal aesthetic and functional standards. Physiology of periodontium restructuring is largely determined by the local and general health before, during and after the orthodontic treatment. This article surveys the mechanisms of periodontal damage, highlighting the important role of immune response. So far, only anecdotal descriptions of immune response on the stages of orthodontic treatment are published.

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