Introduction experience Нydrangea petiolaris Siebold & Zucc. іn the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka”

The information on the natural habitat and the history of Hydrangea petiolaris Siebold & Zucc. The results of inventory researches of H. petiolaris in dendrological parks and botanical gardens of Ukraine are generalized. It was found that most of them successfully adapt to the factors of the new environment, grow well and develop in botanical gardens and arboretums. The use of cultivated individuals of H. petiolaris will help to improve the condition of existing plantations, increase decorativeness and generally improve the aesthetic and sanitary and hygienic condition of green areas of public use in the settlements of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. We used the method of integrated numerical assessment of viability and prospects for the introduction of woody and shrubby plants on the basis of visual observations of P. I. Lapin, S. V. Sidneva (1973) testified to the prospects of the introduction of H. petiolaris in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

DEPENDENCE OF CHANGES IN THE HYGIENIC CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND PERIODONTIUM IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS ON THE DURATION OF POLYCHEMYTHERAPY AND QUANTITIES OF CYTOSTATIC DRUGS

It is known that the course of cancer and chemotherapy adversely affect the components of homeostasis of the oral cavity, which causes stomatotoxicity. However, scientific publications have not yet provided generalized results of research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the dental pathology formation during chemotherapy, which constitutes the relevance of this publication. The aim of the research was to study the effect of different regimens of the second course of chemo- therapy on the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and periodontium in children with malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity. The dissatisfaction with our results obtained after the first course of chemotherapy on various regimens prompted us to further research. A survey of two previously formed clinical groups was performed. All of them resumed the treatment in the oncohematology department of the Poltava Children's City Clinical Hospital following a 3-4 week break between courses. Each patient was treated according to an individual program but in the absence of dental care. The dental status was assessed using the Green-Vermillion, Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar (PMA), and Pa- pilla Bleeding Index. The study of cytograms from the surface of the gingival margin of the frontal part of the mandible was carried out taking into account the methodology developed by our department's staff. The calculation was per- formed in 10 visual fields. Statistical processing was performed according to standard conditions. Research results and their discussion. It should be noted that in the comparative aspect, the indexes of Green-Vermillion, PMA, and RВI at the end of the first year were 1,8, 1,3, and 1,6 times worse than in the second observation group which received more cytostatic drugs. At the end of the second course of chemotherapy, the dryness of the mucous membrane accompanied by a decrease in oral fluid, which became viscous, was observed in 14 children (70,0%) of the first and 18 of the second group (85.7%). In addition, 15 people in the first group (75,0%) and 19 in the second one (90,4%) complained of pain and bleeding gums, which worsened when eating. At the same time, all children noted pain in the muscles that are adjacent to the lower jaw and involved in articulation. On external examination, only 2 children of the first (10,0%) and 1 of the second group (5%) had a red normal-coloured lip border, while the rest had exfoliation, cracks, and angular cheilitis. The oral mucosa mostly looked pale and pasty, except for 7 people of the second group (35,0%), who had manifestations of erythema. Localized erosions covered with fibrinous plaque were detected in 4 of these patients (20,0%) on the background of erythema. In addition, 12 children (60,0%) of the first group and 19 children of the second one (85.7%) showed swelling and redness of the gingival marginal edge, and the probing of the gingival sulcus provoked bleeding in all children of both groups. Green-Vermillion indexes increased by 1,5 and 1,7 times in the first and second groups, PMA increased by 1,4 times in both groups, and RВI was 1,4 and 1,5 times higher in the respective compared groups. The examination of cytograms revealed more pronounced changes in the second group where the epithelium with signs of intermediate stages of the differentiation prevailed. There was increased desquamation of the superficial layer of the gums and the increased number of peripheral blood elements, especially destroyed neutrophils. Thus, the generalization of the results obtained at the end of the second course of chemotherapy showed that the Green-Vermillion index was 1,8 times higher, and PMA and SВI indices were 1,4 times higher in the second observation group which received more cytostatics. That is, the severity of the manifestations of dental status disorders is directly proportional to the severity of the regimen. Conclusion. The prolongation of the second course of chemotherapy in children with abdominal malignant tumors provoked a significant deterioration of dental status. Major changes occurred in the group of children who received more cytostatic drugs simultaneously, which requires a balanced approach to designing differentiated treatment plans and prevention measures depending on the complexity of antitumor therapy regimens. Prospects for further research. The obtained results indicate the need to develop a set of differentiated treatment and prevention measures aimed at eliminating or improving changes in children that occur in the oral cavity under the influence of polychemotherapy.

ORAL HYGIENE STATE AND ITS CORRECTION OPTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH HODGKIN’S DISEASE

The Hodgkin’s disease (lymphogranulomatosis, LGM) stands at the top of the list among malignant lymphomas in children. The highest rate of it occurrence coincides with childhood. LGM is most common at 4-6 and 12-14 years. The scope of scientific clinical research on odontoand parodontopathology is limited among pediatric population. The quantitative and qualitative composition of plaque, its thickness and area is primary pathogenic chain. In turn, unsatisfactory oral hygiene contributes to the development of decay and periodontal and oral mucosal disease in children with LGM. Our research aims to study the oral hygienic condition in patients with LGM during different clinical stages of the underlying disease. In order to reduce the toxic effect of LGM treatment, rational oral hygiene preventive measures shall be implemented. Matherials and methods. A total of 45 patients of both sexes in the 5-15 year age group diagnozed with lymphogranulomatosis (LGM) were examined. 243 healthy age-and-sex-matched children were included in the control group. The patients with lymphogranulomatosis (LGM I) were examined after the initial diagnosis. Group II (LGM II) consisted of patients who had completed the first polychemestry treatment cycle. Group III (LGM III) included patients who had a constant remission period (from over 6 months to 5 years). The oral hygienic condition was studied using the Pahomov’s hygienic index, the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S by Greene and Vermilion), the PHP hygiene hygiene efficiency index (Podshadley, Haley, 1968), the modified Turesky index (1970), and API surfaces [6]. The data was statistically analyzed using Student's-Fisher's method. The Pahomov's hygienic index (PHI) in children aged 5-15 with LGM was quite different in the main and control groups (p<0.05). The score of PHI was 2.3 ± 0.05 (p<0.05) in patient group with LGM (LGM I). The Pahomov's hygienic index had increased in the children aged 5-15 diagnozed with LGM. The Pahomov’s index values from the second (LGM II) and third (LGM III) examinations were found to be quite different when compared to the control group of children of the same age (p<0.05). This PHI value was 3.39 ± 0.11 (very poor) after the second examination (LGM II) and was at 2.7 ± 0.10 (poor) during the third examination (LGM II). The satisfactory and unsatisfactory oral hygiene conditions according to the Pahomov’s index were observed in 5-15 year old children with LGM. The satisfactory and unsatisfactory oral hygiene conditions have been established using the Pahomov’s index, Green-Vermilion, Tureski, PHP, API in 5-15 year old children with LGM. The children might have completely given up on tooth brushing due to increased trauma and bleeding gums. Soft plaque is often responsible for dental decay in primary and permanent teeth in children and periodontal diseases. The analysis of the individual oral hygiene condition determined poor level of hygiene skill in patients with LGM compared to somatically healthy children. Hygienic condition and care depend on age, clinical stage of the underlying disease, the course of pathological complications in hard dental and soft oral tissues. Conclusion. Our clinical study established a poor oral hygiene condition by using different groups of dental hygiene indicators in patients with LGM. This condition particularly worsens during chemotherapy, which causes significant changes in periodontal, oral mucous and hard dental tissues. Children have low awareness of oral cavity care requirements or the specifics of selecting hygiene supplies and facilities. In those cases, the dental examination was required for raising awareness and providing oral hygiene control which was carried out among patients at different stages of the Hodgkin’s disease and it remission. Therefore, adopting such measures would provide an opportunity to increase the resistance of hard dental and periodontal tissues.

An epidemiological study of bovine mastitis and associated risk factors in and around Eltarf District, northeast Algeria

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to assess potential risk factors among lactating cows, both local and crossbreeds, in and around Eltarf town in northeast Algeria. A total of 324 lactating cows were included in the survey, examined for mastitis by clinical examination of the udder and teats and tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Data was collected in a questionnaire during the farm visit. The overall prevalence was 41.66% (135/324), of which 9.80% (32/324) were clinical and 31.79% (103/324) subclinical cases. Out of 1296 quarters examined, the prevalence rate was 41.04% (532/1296), where 9.25% (120/1296) were clinical and 31.79% (412/1296) subclinical aspects of mastitis. Right Hind teats (RH) showed the highest rate of inflammation (51.54%), followed by the Left Hind (LH) teat in second place (44.44%), Right front quarter (RF; 36.11%) and lastly Left Front (LF; 32.09%). The relationships of risk factors with mastitis status were determined using Chi-square analysis, associations between mastitis and the independent variables, including parity and hygienic condition of the udder, teat and housing of cows were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) in the univariate analysis. Mastitis prevalence was significantly higher in cows having delivered four calves (87.50%) comparing to cows with less than four calves (28.16%), irrespective of lactation stage. Significantly higher mastitis prevalence was also observed in poor hygienic conditions (38.82%; P&lt;0.05) than good hygienic condition (22.07%). Other risk factors such as breed, age, lactation stage, rearing system, housing system and tick control infestation did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05). This study indicated that mastitis is a prevalent disease and a serious problem across herds in and around the Eltarf district in Algeria. Further detailed epidemiological, microbiological, and economic analysis studies are required at the national level to tailor existing control and prevention strategies. Regular surveillance measures are recommended.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF DENTAL MORBIDITY OF CHILDREN AS AN INDICATOR OF ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE

The aim: Is to study the ecological and hygienic situation in the living area of 6-year-old children in terms of drinking water (micro- and macroelements), to identify its relationship with the state of mineral metabolism in children’s mouths, prevalence and intensity of temporary and permanent caries. Materials and methods:Clinical and laboratory studies were to study the objective condition of the teeth -intensity of dental caries according to the recommendations of the WHO and the method of T.F. Vinogradova. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity was determined by the indices Silness-Loe, Stallard. Results: The results of our studies have shown that the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex, which includes drugs of endogenous (Vitafluor) and exogenous use (osteovitis, deep fluoridation, toothpastes “Splat junior” and “Lacalut fluor”), improves the hygienic state of the oral cavity, increases mineralizing the potential of the oral fluid and, as a result, helps to reduce the intensity of dental caries in children. Conclusions: The data obtained indicated a high caries prophylactic efficacy of the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex for 6-year-old children living in the zone of hypophtorosis.

FEATURES OF HYGIENIC CARE FOR LINGUA PLICATA

Hygienic care of lingua plicata is of particular relevance, since the degree of microbial contamination of the tongue folds is a key factor in initiation and progression of non-specific glottitises. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of hygienic modes of tongue care using "Albadent" balm-rinse in patients having a fissured tongue. Three subgroups of patients were included in the study; patients of the 1st subgroup had their tongues treated with a toothbrush pad, patients of the 2nd subgroup rinsed it with Albadent balm twice, and patients of the 3rd subgroup treated their tongues twice with an irrigator with Albadent balm solution. A comparative assessment of care regimens showed that in patients of the 1st subgroup the hygienic condition of the tongue improved by 2.7 times, and the prevalence of Candida albicans decreased twice. The patients reported unpleasant «scratching» sensations in the tongue after its mechanical treatment. In patients of the 2nd subgroup, the depth of the folds decreased, and hyperemia in the bottom of the folds decreased in half of the observed patients. The hygienic condition of the tongue improved by 2.2 times, and the prevalence of Candida albicans decreased by 2.5 times. Patients reported a pleasant freshness sensation in the tongue after treatment, continuing after spitting for 60-90 minutes. In patients of the 3rd subgroup, the depth of the folds changed insignificantly in the direction of decrease, and hyperemia of the bottom was not detected. The hygienic condition of the tongue improved twice, and the prevalence of Candida albicans decreased by 2 times. Patients reported a pleasant freshness sensation in the tongue after rinsing, continuing after spitting for 40–60 minutes.

Destruction of food stocks by insects of the fireworm family: hygienic aspects and preventive measures (review)

A review of the literature on the issue of damage to food stocks by insects of Pyralidae. Pyralidae — the most dangerous and widespread pests of food stocks, significantly affecting the sanitary and hygienic condition and quality of products of bakeries, bakeries, confectionery factories, flour and cereals and other food enterprises, warehouses and stores. They damage not only grain, flour and products from them, but also all types of dried fruits, dried vegetables, nuts, soy and chocolate candies, as well as various seeds, medicinal raw materials and herbariums, feed, cake, bran, tobacco, spices, coffee beans, cocoa beans, cork. Variants of damage caused by these insects to food stocks are described. Methods of prevention of food supply contamination and pest control are analyzed and systematized.

EVALUATION OF HYGIENIC CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

One of the features of present-day structure of dental diseases among children in Ukraine is rather high occurrence of pathological changes in the periodontal tissues, which at the age of 12-15 ranges within 70-80% according to the evidences suggested by certain authors, and in some regions it reaches 95-98% [3,7]. One of the factors causing occurrence and severity of periodontal diseases among children is common somatic pathology available, and endocrine one in particular [2,4,5]. Statistical investigations conducted by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine are indicative of a continuous increase of endocrine pathology among children in Ukraine, and insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes in particular [8]. Hygienic condition of the oral cavity is one of the important local factors and triggering mechanism promoting development of inflammation in the periodontal tissues due to intensified pathologic effect of the oral cavity microflora and reduced general reactivity of the body [1,9]. Considering a close interrelation available between rational care of the oral cavity and the periodontal tissue state, the aim of the study was evaluation of the level of individual oral hygiene in children suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) depending on the duration of the underlying disease and glycemic control level. To solve the purpose of hygiene of the oral cavity was assessed in 109 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) aged 12-16 years who were examined or treated at the Children’s Endocrinological Department of the Municipal Institution “Regional Children’s Hospital” in Chernivtsi concerning DM. The children were divided into the groups according to the level of glycemic control: those with optimal glycemic control (OGC) – 1 person, with suboptimal glycemic control (SOGC) - 66 individuals, with glycemic control and high risk for life (HRFL) – 42 individuals, as well as duration of the disease: children suffering from DM less than 5 years – 65 individuals, children suffering from DM more than 5 years – 44 individuals. Oral hygiene was determined by means of oral hygiene index simplified (OIH-S) (J.C.Green, J.R.Vermilion, 1964). The data obtained were statistically processed by means of variation statistics method considering Student criterion and the use of software Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, Inc). Difference between the groups of comparison was considered reliable with р≤0,05. Assessment of the oral hygiene in children depending on the duration of common somatic disease demonstrated reduced hygienic level and increased values of Green-Vermillion index. Thus, in children with CCG suffering from DM more than 5 years and having SOGC, hygienic index values were 1,3 times higher (1,87±0,15), which corresponds to unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene in comparison with (1,54±0,08) in children suffering from DM less than 5 years, which corresponds to satisfactory hygiene. In children with glycemic control level of HRFL and duration of DM longer than 5 years hygienic index was (2,42±0,29) which was 1,5 times higher than in children suffering from DM less than 5 years and their hygienic index was (1,64±0,08) which corresponds to unsatisfactory and satisfactory oral hygiene levels respectively. The oral hygiene was also analyzed depending on the degree of severity of the underlying disease. Thus, in children with the glycemic control level of HRFL and duration of DM more than 5 years the values of Green-Vermillion index were higher than those similar ones 1,3 times ((2,42±0,29) against (1,87±0,15) in children with SOGC, and they corresponded to unsatisfactory level of the oral hygiene in both cases. Similar tendency was found in the group of children with duration of DM less than 5 years. In children with glycemic control level of HRFL hygienic index was (1,64±0,08) and was considerably higher than (1,54±0,08) with SOGC, and 1,2 times higher (1,33±0,00) with OGC, but in all the cases it corresponded to a satisfactory level. A detailed analysis of dependence of the oral hygiene in children with different degree of CCG severity on the duration and severity of the underlying disease presented the following results. All the children with mild degree of CCG irrespective of the glycemic control level and duration of diabetes had a satisfactory level of the oral hygiene. Though, in children with duration of DM more than 5 years the values of hygienic indices were higher: with SOGC (1,58±0,08) against (1,48±0,04) when diabetes lasted less than 5 years, and (1,66±0,00) in children with HRFL against (1,54±0,08) respectively. In children with moderate severity of CCG and DM lasting more than 5 years the values of hygienic indices were 1,2 times higher with SOGC and 1,5 times with HRFL respectively in comparison with the index with SOGC and HRFL in children with the duration of somatic pathology less than 5 years. The values of Green-Vermillion index in children with severe CCG and DM longer than 5 years in anamnesis were 1,5 times higher than in children with DM less than 5 years. They corresponded to poor and unsatisfactory oral hygiene. The obtained results determined that special attention should be paid to teaching oral hygiene technique and its control in children in order to prevent periodontal tissue diseases and in the process of treatment. Assessment of the oral hygiene conducted in children suffering from DM evidences than with more intensive inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues the values of hygienic index increase. There are certain bases to claim with good reason that oral hygiene depends on the duration and severity of the underlying disease which is indicative of the necessity to improve stomatological aid given to children from this group.

Rapid microbiological testing method

Classical microbiological methods currently have unacceptably long cycle times. Rapid microbiological strategies are accessible within the marketplace for about 10 years and are mostly used in the clinical laboratory and in food industries. However, their reapplication in the pharma industry has wide range of advantage. A comparison with ancient strategies to be conjointly performed. During this review, data concerning the validation of RMM strategies described within the document was given in addition as proof of the issue of validation of those strategies. A comparison with ancient strategies is additionally mentioned. This data is beneficial to the industries and in the labs which will doubtless be adopted. These strategies for microorganism free products. This methodology for microorganism identification will be delicate, accurate and fast. How the laboratory should be maintained for carrying out different tests, there should be good hygienic condition maintained. This article also includes different methods for identifying bacteria which is present in drug products as well as the material which are used for doing test. Presence of bacteria may affect the activity of drug product and bio availability may decreases and potency the drug may loss. How the laboratory should be maintained for carrying out different tests, there should be good hygienic condition maintained.