scholarly journals Frequent continuous mobile assessment of health behaviors in a multi-year study: acceptability, validity, and engagement with mNCANDA (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Cummins ◽  
Kate B Nooner ◽  
Trevor Henthorn ◽  
Ty Brumback ◽  
Sonja Eberson-Shumate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mobile Assessment

BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies of many health behaviors often rely on infrequent self-report assessments. The measurement of psychoactive substance use among youth is expected to improve with more frequent mobile assessment, which can reduce recall bias. Researchers have used mobile devices for longitudinal research, but studies that last years and assess youth continuously at a fine-grained temporal level (e.g., weekly) are rare. A tailored mobile app (mNCANDA) and brief assessment protocol were designed specifically to provide a feasible platform to elicit responses to health behavior assessments in longitudinal studies, including the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if an acceptable mobile app system could provide repeatable and valid assessment of health behaviors for youth in different developmental stages over extended follow-up. METHODS Participants were recruited (N = 534, ages 17-28 years) from a larger longitudinal study of neurodevelopment. Participants used the mNCANDA mobile app to register reports of their behaviors for up to 18 months. Response rates as a function of time being measured with mNCANDA, and participant age were modeled using generalized estimating equations to evaluate response rate stability and age effects. mNCANDA-captured substance use reports were compared to responses from standardized interviews to assess concurrent validity. Reactivity was assessed by evaluating patterns of change in substance use after participants initiated weekly reports via mNCANDA. All participants were invited to complete a one-time questionnaire that assessed attitudes and perceptions related to mNCANDA. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subset of participants who used the app for at least 1-month to obtain feedback on user experience, user-derived explanations of some quantitative results, and suggestions for system improvements. RESULTS mNCANDA protocol adherence was high (Mresponse rate = 82%, SD=27%) and stable over time, across age. Median time to complete each assessment was 51 seconds (Mresponse time= 1.14 min, SD= 1.03 min). Comparisons between mNCANDA and interview self-report on recent (prior 30 days) alcohol and cannabis use days demonstrate close agreement (e.g., within 1 day of reported use) for most observations. Models used to identify reactivity failed to detect changes in substance use patterns subsequent to enrolling in mNCANDA app assessments (P’s > .39). The majority (84%) of participants across the age range reported finding the mNCANDA system acceptable. Participants provided recommendations for improving the system (e.g., tailoring signaling times). CONCLUSIONS mNCANDA provides a feasible, multi-year, continuous fine-grained (e.g., weekly) assessment of health behaviors designed to minimize respondent burden and provides acceptable regimes for long-term self-report of health behaviors. Fine-grained characterization of variability in behaviors over relatively long periods (e.g., up to 18 months) may, through the use of mNCANDA, improve our understanding of the relationship between substance use exposure and neurocognitive development. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Pang ◽  
Pamela Saleme ◽  
Tori Seydel ◽  
Jeawon Kim ◽  
Kathy Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Quit Intentions ◽  
Perceived Harm

Abstract Background Examination of the format and framing of the graphic health warnings (GHWs) on tobacco products and their impact on tobacco cessation has received increasing attention. This review focused on systematically identifying and synthesizing evidence of longitudinal studies that evaluate different GHW formats and specifically considered GHW influence on perceived risk of tobacco use and quit intentions. Methods Ten databases were systematically searched for relevant records in December 2017 and again in September 2019. Thirty-five longitudinal studies were identified and analyzed in terms of the formatting of GHWs and the outcomes of perceived risk and quit intentions. Quality assessment of all studies was conducted. Results This review found graphics exceeding 50% of packs were the most common ratio for GHWs, and identified an ongoing reliance on negatively framed messages and limited source attribution. Perceived harms and quit intentions were increased by GHWs. However, wear-out effects were observed regardless of GHW format indicating the length of time warnings are present in market warrants ongoing research attention to identify wear out points. Quit intentions and perceived harm were also combined into a cognitive response measure, limiting the evaluation of the effects of each GHW format variables in those cases. In addition, alternative GHW package inserts were found to be a complimentary approach to traditional GHWs. Conclusions This review demonstrated the role of GHWs on increasing quit intentions and perceptions of health risks by evaluating quality-assessed longitudinal research designs. The findings of this study recommend testing alternate GHW formats that communicate quit benefits and objective methodologies to extend beyond self-report.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between adolescent health behaviors, brain health, and academic achievement using fNIRS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Papasideris ◽  
Adrian Safati ◽  
Hasan Ayaz ◽  
Plinio Morita ◽  
Peter Hall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Adolescent Health Behaviors ◽  
Math Grades

Background: Several adolescent health behaviors have been hypothesized to improve academic performance via their beneficial impact on cognitive control and functional aspects of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Specifically, exercise, restorative sleep, and proper diet are thought to improve PFC function, while substance abuse is thought to reduce it. Few studies have examined the relationships among all of these in the same sample, while quantifying downstream impacts on academic performance. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to examine the association between lifestyle behaviors and academic performance in a sample of adolescents, and to examine the extent to which activity within the PFC and behavioural indices of inhibition may mediate this relationship. Methods: Sixty-seven adolescents underwent two study sessions five days apart. Sleep and physical activity were measured using wrist-mounted accelerometry; eating habits, substance use and academic achievement were measured by self-report. Prefrontal function was quantified by performance on the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT), and task-related brain activity via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results: Higher levels of accelerometer-assessed physical activity predicted higher MSIT accuracy scores (β= .321, ρ= 0.019) as well as greater task-related increases in activation within the right dlPFC (β=.008, SE= .004, ρ =.0322). Frequency of fast-food consumption and substance use were both negatively associated with MSIT accuracy scores (β= -.307, ρ= .023) and Math grades (𝛽= -3.702, 𝑆𝐸= 1.563, ρ= .022) respectively. However, these effects were not mediated by indicators of PFC function. Conclusion: Physical activity and eating behaviors predicted better interference task performance in adolescents, with the former mediated by greater task-related increases in right dlPFC activation. Substance use predicted worse Math grades, however, no other reliable effects of health behaviors on academic outcomes were evident.

Effects of Friends' Substance Use Via Self-Report and Network Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Henry ◽  
Kimberly Kobus ◽  
Michael E. Schoeny
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Self Report

Improving Accuracy of a Self-Report Measure of Substance Use

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Rahdert ◽  
David L. Wyrick ◽  
Melodie Fearnow-Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Report Measure

Application of the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability (NASSS) Framework to evaluate the role of technology in the Pathways to Comorbidity Care (PCC) implementation project to improve management of comorbid substance use and mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MariaGabriela Uribe Guajardo ◽  
Andrew James Baillie ◽  
Eva Louie ◽  
Vicki Giannopoulos ◽  
Katie Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Abstract (250 words)In substance use treatment settings, there is a high prevalence of comorbid mental health problems. Yet an integrated approach for managing comorbidity, implementation of evidence-based intervention in drug and alcohol settings remains problematic. Technology can help the adoption of evidence-based practice and successfully implement effective treatment health care pathways. This study sought to examine aspects of electronic resources utilisation (barriers and facilitators) by clinicians participating in the PCC training. MethodA self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured interview was designed to measure overall satisfaction with the PCC portal and e-resources available throughout the 9-month intervention for participating clinicians. An adapted version of the ‘Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability’ (NASSS) framework was used to facilitate discussion in regards to the study findings. ResultsA total of 20 clinicians from drug and alcohol services responded to all the measures. Facilitators of portal use included: i. clinician acceptance of the PCC portal; ii. guidance from the clinical supervisor or clinical champion that encouraged the use of e-resources. Some of the barriers included: i. complexity of the illness (condition), ii. clinicians’ preference (adopter system) for face-to-face resources and training modes (e.g. clinical supervision, clinical champion workshops), and iii. lack of face-to-face training on how to use the portal (technology and organisation).ConclusionBased on the NASSS framework, we were able to identify several barriers and facilitators including such as the complexity of the illness, lack of face-to-face training and clinician preference for training mediums. Recommendations include ongoing consultation of clinicians to assist in the development of tailored e-health resources and offering in-house training on how to operate and effectively utilise these resources.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Substance-Using Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny S. Kim ◽  
Jody Brook ◽  
Becci A. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Solution Focused Brief Therapy ◽  
Solution Focused

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention on substance abuse and trauma-related problems. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SFBT in primary substance use treatment services for child welfare involved parents in outpatient treatment for substance use disorders. Mixed linear models were used to test within- and between-group changes using intent-to-treat analysis ( N = 64). Hedges’s g effect sizes were also calculated to examine magnitude of treatment effects. Results: Both groups decreased on the Addiction Severity Index-Self-Report and the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. The between group effect sizes were not statistically significant on either measures, thus SFBT produced similar results as the research supported treatments the control group received. Conclusion: Results support the use of SFBT in treating substance use and trauma and provide an alternative approach that is more strengths based and less problem focused.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and Structural Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Women: A Mixed-Method Study in Rural New Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6185
Author(s):  
Shilo St. Cyr ◽  
Elise Trott Jaramillo ◽  
Laura Garrison ◽  
Lorraine Halinka Malcoe ◽  
Stephen R. Shamblen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Intimate Partner

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women’s experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social–ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of discrimination. These results point to the need for a more proactive response to the mutually constitutive cycle of IPV, mental distress, incarceration, and structures of violence to improve reentry for women returning to rural communities. Policy and treatment must prioritize socioeconomic marginalization and expand community resources with attention to the needs of rural women of color.

scholarly journals Evaluating pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc): a protocol for a crossover design study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042726
Author(s):  
Stefan Nilsson ◽  
Angelica Wiljén ◽  
Jonas Bergquist ◽  
John Chaplin ◽  
Ensa Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Digital Tool ◽  
Legal Guardians ◽  
Ethical Approval

IntroductionThis study protocol outlines the evaluation of the pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc). PicPecc is a digital tool used by children aged 5–17 years to self-report symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who undergo high-dose methotrexate treatments. The design of the digital platform follows the principles of universal design using pictorial support to provide accessibility for all children regardless of communication or language challenges and thus facilitating international comparison.Methods and analysisBoth effect and process evaluations will be conducted. A crossover design will be used to measure the effect/outcome, and a mixed-methods design will be used to measure the process/implementation. The primary outcome in the effect evaluation will be self-reported distress. Secondary outcomes will be stress levels monitored via neuropeptides, neurosteroids and peripheral steroids indicated in plasma blood samples; frequency of in-app estimation of high levels of distress by the children; children's use of analgesic medicine and person centeredness evaluated via the questionnaire Visual CARE Measure. For the process evaluation, qualitative interviews will be carried out with children with cancer, their legal guardians and case-related healthcare professionals. These interviews will address experiences with PicPecc in terms of feasibility and frequency of use from the child’s perspective and value to the caseworker. Interview transcripts will be analysed using an interpretive description methodology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (reference 2019-02392; 2020-02601; 2020-06226). Children, legal guardians, healthcare professionals, policymaking and research stakeholders will be involved in all stages of the research process according to Medical Research Council’s guidelines. Research findings will be presented at international cancer and paediatric conferences and published in scientific journals.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04433650.

scholarly journals Substance use, Unlike Dolutegravir, is Associated with Mood Symptoms in People Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Van de Wijer ◽  
Wouter van der Heijden ◽  
Mike van Verseveld ◽  
Mihai Netea ◽  
Quirijn de Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Side Effects

AbstractContradictory data have been reported concerning neuropsychiatric side effects of the first-line antiretroviral drug dolutegravir, which may be partly due to lack of control groups or psychiatric assessment tools. Using validated self-report questionnaires, we compared mood and anxiety (DASS-42), impulsivity (BIS-11), and substance use (MATE-Q) between dolutegravir-treated and dolutegravir-naive people living with HIV (PLHIV). We analyzed 194, mostly male, PLHIV on long-term treatment of whom 82/194 (42.3%) used dolutegravir for a median (IQR) of 280 (258) days. Overall, 51/194 (26.3%) participants reported DASS-42 scores above the normal cut-off, 27/194 (13.5%) were classified as highly impulsive, and 58/194 (29.9%) regularly used recreational drugs. Regular substance use was positively associated with depression (p = 0.012) and stress scores (p = 0.045). We observed no differences between dolutegravir-treated and dolutegravir-naive PLHIV. Our data show that depressed and anxious moods and impulsivity are common in PLHIV and associate with substance use and not with dolutegravir use.

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