"Utilization of smart thermostat data at the population level to identify sleep parameters and time spent at home" (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Jalali ◽  
Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽  
Arlene Oetomo ◽  
Plinio Pelegrini Morita
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Smart Thermostat ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Sleep behaviour and time spent at home are important determinants of human health. Research on sleep patterns has traditionally relied on self-reported data. This methodology suffers from bias and population-level data collection is challenging. Advances in Smart Home technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential to overcome these challenges to behavioural monitoring. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of smart home thermostat data to evaluate household sleep patterns and the time spent at home, and how these behaviours are influenced by weekday, seasonal and seasonal weekday variations. METHODS The 2018 ecobee "Donate your Data" dataset for 481 North American households was collected for use in this study. Daily sleep cycles were identified based on sensor activation and used to quantify sleep time, wake-up time, sleep duration, and time spent at home. Each household's record was divided into different subsets based on seasonal, weekday, and seasonal weekday scales. RESULTS Overall, our results indicate that sleep parameters (sleep time, wake-up time, and sleep duration) were significantly influenced by the day of the week but were not strongly affected by season. In contrast, time spent at home was dependent on both weekdays and the season. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to utilize smart home thermostat data to monitor sleep parameters and time spent at home and their dependence on weekdays, seasonal, and seasonal weekday variations at the population level. This type of analysis can influence and report on public health policy at the population level.

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Environment on Students’ Daily Rhythms and Sleep Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Elena A. Piven ◽  
Nikolay P. Piven ◽  
Nikolay N. Bushuev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns

This article presents the results of a research of the sleep patterns of 200 students living in dormitories in Moscow. The average duration of night sleep in the surveyed group was 6h 37min. The proportion of students satisfied with the duration of night sleep was 36.5 %. Daily activity rhythms, in particular, the going to sleep and awakening time at the same time, are compiled by 47.5 % of the surveyed students. 86.5 % of students go to bed after midnight. The most late going to sleep time is observed among students of the 1st and 4th years. 37 % of students suffer from insomnia, which is most often caused by stress and work in extracurricular time. It was found that the best indicators of well-being and learning ability were observed at night sleep duration from 6 to 8 hours. When the duration of night sleep is less than 6 hours, there was a deterioration in the state of students’ health, wellbeing and learning ability. It was revealed that 92.2 % of students who fall ill three or more times a year have a night sleep duration of less than 6 hours.

scholarly journals Four-Year Trends in Sleep Duration and Quality: A Longitudinal Study Using Data from a Commercially Available Sleep Tracker

10.2196/14735 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. e14735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robbins ◽  
Mahmoud Affouf ◽  
Azizi Seixas ◽  
Louis Beaugris ◽  
George Avirappattu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Reported Data

Background Population estimates of sleep duration and quality are inconsistent because they rely primarily on self-reported data. Passive and ubiquitous digital tracking and wearable devices may provide more accurate estimates of sleep duration and quality. Objective This study aimed to identify trends in sleep duration and quality in New York City based on 2 million nights of data from users of a popular mobile sleep app. Methods We examined sleep duration and quality using 2,161,067 nights of data captured from 2015 to 2018 by Sleep Cycle, a popular sleep-tracking app. In this analysis, we explored differences in sleep parameters based on demographic factors, including age and sex. We used graphical matrix representations of data (heat maps) and geospatial analyses to compare sleep duration (in hours) and sleep quality (based on time in bed, deep sleep time, sleep consistency, and number of times fully awake), considering potential effects of day of the week and seasonality. Results Women represented 46.43% (1,003,421/2,161,067) of the sample, and men represented 53.57% (1,157,646/2,161,067) of individuals in the sample. The average age of the sample was 31.0 years (SD 10.6). The mean sleep duration of the total sample was 7.11 hours (SD 1.4). Women slept longer on average (mean 7.27 hours, SD 1.4) than men (mean 7 hours, SD 1.3; P<.001). Trend analysis indicated longer sleep duration and higher sleep quality among older individuals than among younger (P<.001). On average, sleep duration was longer on the weekend nights (mean 7.19 hours, SD 1.5) than on weeknights (mean 7.09 hours, SD 1.3; P<.001). Conclusions Our study of data from a commercially available sleep tracker showed that women experienced longer sleep duration and higher sleep quality in nearly every age group than men, and a low proportion of young adults obtained the recommended sleep duration. Future research may compare sleep measures obtained via wearable sleep trackers with validated research-grade measures of sleep.

596 Sleep Outcomes and Sleep-Related Behaviors in NICU Graduates

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A235-A235
Author(s):  
Alisa Burnham ◽  
Olena Kucheruk ◽  
Emily Brown ◽  
Jodi Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Introduction Previous studies of sleep patterns and problems in preterm infants and toddlers have yielded inconsistent results, with some studies noting differences on salient sleep parameters and others indicating similarities. Furthermore, little is known about any differences about sleep-related behaviors. Thus, the current aims of this study were to assess sleep patterns, problems, and sleep-related behaviors in young children born prematurely who were NICU graduates. Methods Caregivers of 262 children (53.4% boys; 35.9% Black, 40.5% White, 23.6% Other) being followed in a neonatal follow-up clinic at their corrected age one-year (10–16 months) or two-year (22–28 month) visit completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised SF (BISQ-R SF). Results At approximately one year of age, infants were going to bed at 8:36, taking 33 minutes to fall asleep, and waking .63 times per night for 19 minutes, for a total nighttime sleep duration of 8’01”. Similarly, at approximately two years of age, infants were going to bed at 8:16, taking 26.7 minutes to fall asleep, and waking .94 times per night for 16.3 minutes, for a total nighttime sleep duration of 8’26”. Sleep problems were reported by 18.1% and 19.6% of caregivers, respectively, with the majority indicating that their child slept well (78.5% and 76.5%) and minimal bedtime difficulties (13.6% and 14.6%). The majority of infants slept in their own crib (81%), with infants more likely to room share at 1-year compared to 2-year (49% vs 35%), and almost half falling asleep independently (43% and 46%). Conclusion Overall, sleep patterns and parent-perceived sleep problems (18–20%) in these NICU graduates were better than expected, and similar to normative data of similar age children (Sadeh et al., 2008). However, these infants/toddlers obtained less nighttime (8–8.5 hrs vs 10 hrs). Sleep education of parents of NICU graduates should not only focus on sleep behaviors, but also on ensuring sufficient sleep. Support (if any):

scholarly journals The Travel Demands of an Elite Rugby Sevens Team: Effects on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-694
Author(s):  
Cédric Leduc ◽  
Julien Robineau ◽  
Jason C. Tee ◽  
Jeremy Cheradame ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
World Series ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: To explore the effects of travel related to international rugby sevens competition on sleep patterns. Methods: A total of 17 international male rugby sevens players participated in this study. Actigraphic and subjective sleep assessments were performed daily during 2 separate Sevens World Series competition legs (Oceania and America). The duration of each competition leg was subdivided into key periods (pretour, precompetition, tournament 1, relocation, tournament 2, and posttour) lasting 2 to 7 nights. Linear mixed models in combination with magnitude-based decisions were used to assess (1) the difference between preseason and key periods and (2) the effect of travel direction (eastward or westward). Results: Shorter total sleep time (hours:minutes) was observed during tournament 2 (mean [SD], 06:16 [01:08]), relocation (06:09 [01:09]), and the pretour week (06:34 [01:24]) compared with the preseason (06:52 [01:00]). Worse sleep quality (arbitrary units) was observed during tournament 1 (6.1 [2.0]) and 2 (5.7 [1.2]), as well as during the relocation week (6.3 [1.5]) than during the preseason (6.5 [1.8]). When traveling eastward compared with westward, earlier fall-asleep time was observed during tournament 1 (ES − 0.57; 90% CI, −1.12 to −0.01), the relocation week (−0.70 [−1.11 to −0.28]), and the posttour (−0.57 [−0.95 to −0.18]). However, possibly trivial and unclear differences were observed during the precompetition week (0.15 [−0.15 to 0.45]) and tournament 2 (0.81 [−0.29 to 1.91]). Conclusion: The sleep patterns of elite rugby sevens players are robust to the effects of long-haul travel and jet lag. However, the staff should consider promoting sleep during the tournament and relocation week.

scholarly journals 0206 Sleep Opportunity and Duration are Related to Risk Injury in Elite Athletes

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A80-A81
Author(s):  
L Shaw ◽  
R Cohen ◽  
Y Altman ◽  
S Eyal ◽  
A Baharav
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Published Research

Abstract Introduction Sleep is essential to musculoskeletal recovery, acquisition of new skills and emotional regulation in athletes. Insufficient sleep is detrimental to performance. Recent publications indicate that sleep duration is related to risk for injury in young athletes. We aimed at analyzing the relation between sleep opportunity and duration and the likelihood of an injury among adult elite athletes. Methods We studied 7,237 nights recorded with the Sleeprate application by 71 adult elite athletes from diverse sports, during the period September 2018-October 2019. Night recordings included perceived and measured sleep parameters. In addition, athletes reported their previous day nap duration, injuries and illness status. Out of the total number of nights, 4,205 included reported injury status with no injury and no illness for the previous night. Nightly total time in bed (TIB), TIB including reported naps (TIB24hr) and measured total sleep time (TST) were examined. Results Average TIB was significantly shorter (508±77 minutes, mean±STD) in healthy days preceding injuries than in healthy days preceding days with no injury (525±70 minutes, p&lt;.001). Similar results were found when comparing the TIB24hr (injury: 517±83 minutes, no injury: 543±76 minutes, p&lt;.001) and TST (injury: 443±72 minutes, no injury: 457±69 minutes, p&lt;.001). Conclusion Average sleep opportunities of the elite athletes in this study were in accordance with their age and workouts load. The time athletes allow themselves as an opportunity for sleep is inversely correlated to the chances of developing an injury. These findings corroborate published research regarding sleep duration and risk of injury in athletes, yet our findings are based on real life data of elite athletes, and demonstrate the importance of sleep as part of the elite or professional athlete’s routine, suggesting that even as little as around 20 minutes of added sleep may be efficient in preventing injury. Support N/A

Deaths from heart failure and cancer: location trends

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izza Shahid ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan ◽  
Abdul Wahab Arif ◽  
Muhammad Zain Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
College Education ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Nursing Facility ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Location Of Death ◽  
Level Data ◽  
At Home

BackgroundIncreasing utilisation of hospice services has been a major focus in oncology, while only recently have cardiologists realised the similar needs of dying patients with heart failure (HF). We examined recent trends in locations of deaths in these two patient populations to gain further insight.MethodsComplete population-level data were obtained from the Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Record from the National Center for Health Statistics database, from 2013 to 2017. Location of death was categorised as hospital, home, hospice facility or nursing facility. Demographic characteristics evaluated by place of death included age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status and education, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse possible associations.ResultsAmong 2 780 715 deaths from cancer, 27% occurred in-hospital and 14% in nursing facilities; while among 335 350 HF deaths, 27% occurred in-hospital and 30% in nursing facilities. Deaths occurred at hospice facilities in 14% of patients with cancer, compared with just 8.7% in HF (p=0.001). For both patients with HF and cancer, the proportion of at-home and in-hospice deaths increased significantly over time, with majority of deaths occurring at home. In both cancer and HF, patients of non-Hispanic ethnicity (cancer: OR 1.29, (1.27 to 1.31), HF: OR 1.14, (1.07 to 1.22)) and those with some college education (cancer: OR 1.10, (1.09 to 1.11); HF: OR 1.06, (1.04 to 1.09)) were significantly more likely to die in hospice.ConclusionDeaths in hospital or nursing facilities still account for nearly half of cancer or HF deaths. Although positive trends were seen with utilisation of hospice facilities in both groups, usage remains low and much remains to be achieved in both patient populations.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Subjective and Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Parameters in Severely Depressed Inpatients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hoogerhoud ◽  
Andreia W. P. Hazewinkel ◽  
Robert H. A. M. Reijntjens ◽  
Irene M. van Vliet ◽  
Martijn S. van Noorden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Electroconvulsive Treatment ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Short Term Effects

Background. Sleep disturbances are a key feature of major depression. Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) may improve polysomnography-assessed sleep characteristics, but its short-term effects on actigraphy-assessed and subjective sleep characteristics are unknown. We therefore aimed to assess the effects of ECT on subjective and objective sleep parameters in a proof-of-principle study.Methods. We assessed subjective and objective sleep parameters in 12 severely depressed patients up to 5 consecutive days during their ECT course, corresponding to a total of 43 nights (including 19 ECT sessions). The 12 patients were 83% female and on average 62 (standard deviation (SD) 14) years old and had an average MADRS score of 40 at baseline (SD 21).Results. Subjective and objective sleep parameters were not directly affected by ECT. The subjective sleep efficiency parameter was similar on the day after ECT and other days. ECT did not affect the number of errors in the Sustained Attention to Response Task. Patients subjectively underestimated their total sleep time by 1.4 hours (P<0.001) compared to actigraphy-assessed sleep duration.Conclusion. ECT did not affect subjective and actigraphy-assessed sleep in the short term. Depressed patients profoundly underestimated their sleep duration.

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of objectively-measured, free-living sleep parameters in a rural African setting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cook ◽  
Matlawa Mohlabe ◽  
Marianne Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
African Setting

Abstract Objectives To investigate the descriptive nature of objectively-measured, free-living sleep quantity and quality, and the relationship to adiposity, in a rural African setting in 145 adults (≥40 years, female: n=104, male: n=41). Wrist-mounted, tri-axial accelerometry data was collected over nine days. Measures of sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity were extracted from valid minute-by-minute data. From stature, body mass and waist circumference, body-mass-index and conicity index were calculated. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Community consultation followed the quantitative data analyses, for validation and interpretation of findings. Results Females had more nocturnal sleep than males (7.2 vs. 6.8 hours/night, p=0.0464) while males recorded more diurnal sleep time (p=0.0290). Wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings were higher in females, and sleep efficiency was higher in males (p≤0.0225). Sleep indices were generally similar between weekdays and weekends, except for sleep fragmentation index (p=0.0458). Sleep quantity, but not sleep quality was independently and inversely associated with adiposity (p=0.0453). Physical activity and morbidity measures were significantly and consistently associated with sleep and adiposity measures (p<0.0458). The qualitative data explained some of the unexpected associational directions of the independent variables correlated with sleep variables.

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of objectively-measured, free-living sleep parameters in a rural African setting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cook ◽  
Matlawa Mohlabe ◽  
Marianne Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
African Setting

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the descriptive nature of objectively-measured, free-living sleep quantity and quality, and the relationship to adiposity, in a rural African setting in 145 adults (≥40 years, female: n=104, male: n=41). Wrist-mounted, triaxial accelerometry data was collected over nine days. Measures of sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity were extracted from valid minute-by-minute data. Adiposity indices were body-mass-index, waist circumference and conicity index. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Community consultation followed the quantitative data analyses, for validation and interpretation of findings. Results: Females had more nocturnal sleep than males (7.2 vs. 6.8 hours/night, p=0.0464) while males recorded more diurnal sleep time (p=0.0290). Wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings were higher in females, and sleep efficiency was higher in males (p≤0.0225). Sleep indices were generally similar between weekdays and weekends, except for sleep fragmentation index (p=0.0458). Sleep quantity, but not sleep quality was independently and inversely associated with adiposity (p=0.0453). Physical activity and morbidity measures were significantly and consistently associated with sleep and adiposity measures (p<0.0458). The preliminary qualitative data suggests that future studies should include more detailed data around contextual issues of sleep (social, cultural, economic, environment).

scholarly journals Effects of Habitual Sleep on Glucose Regulation in Individuals at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
Heyjun Park ◽  
Ahmed Metwally ◽  
Dalia Perelman ◽  
Alessandra Celli ◽  
Susan Kirkpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Objectives This study sought to advance understanding of the impact of habitual sleep patterns on glucose regulation in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods To achieve this aim, we examined associations between a comprehensive panel of sleep parameters and glucose metabolism marker among people with prediabetes (n = 19, age = 60.0y, male = 47.4%) using wearable technology. Briefly, participants underwent fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and wore Fitbit Ionic band to assess their habitual sleep patterns. Sleep parameters were obtained for a median of 50 days per each participant such as total sleep duration, duration of each sleep stage per night, bed-time, wake-time, etc. To examine associations of sleep parameters with blood glucose levels, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify sleep parameters that predict FPG levels with the enhanced prediction accuracy. Mixed effects regression was also performed. Results In LASSO regression of FPG levels, wake-time (β = −0.013) and percentage of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration out of the total sleep duration (REM%; β = −0.231) were found to inversely predict FPG levels among participants. Mixed effects regression model also showed that REM% is inversely associated with FPG levels (R2 = 0.61; β = −1.57, P = 0.058) after adjusting other covariates. In sum, people with prediabetes who have earlier wake-time and shorter REM proportion have shown higher FPG levels. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest that habitual sleep patterns may influence physiologic defect underlying dysglycemia and progression to T2D in individuals with prediabetes. Funding Sources Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostic (PHIND) Center at Stanford University.

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