Utility of Dental Informatics for Dental Research in Rural Appalachia: Observational Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj K Khanna ◽  
Alfred A Cecchetti ◽  
Niharika Bhardwaj ◽  
Bobbi Jo Muto ◽  
Usha Murughiyan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Dental Informatics ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Rural Appalachia

BACKGROUND Rural medical centers, especially in the Appalachian region, have limited funds and expertise to pursue the latest technologies without evidence of their definite cost/benefit. We endeavor to show that dental informatics, which combines dentistry and information technologies, can help identify strategies leading to improved care and reduced cost for a very underserved population. OBJECTIVE Demonstrate the value of dental informatics on dental health care in rural Appalachia through a study measuring emergency room (ER) use for non-traumatic dental conditions (NTDC) and associated economic impact in a hospital system that primarily serves rural Appalachia. METHODS The Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute’s Oral health data mart with relevant data on patients (n=8372) with ER encounters for NTDC between 2010 and 2018 was created using Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute’s research data warehouse. Exploratory analysis was then performed through the development of an interactive dashboard using Tableau. The overall burden of these encounters along with disparities in burden by age groups, gender, and primary payer was assessed. RESULTS Dental informatics was essential in understanding the overall problem and provided an interactive and easily comprehensible visualization of the situation. We found that ER visits for NTDC’s declined by 40% from 2010 to 2018 but a higher percentage of visits required inpatient care and surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Dental Informatics can provide the necessary tools and support to healthcare systems and state health departments across Appalachia to address serious dental problems. In this case, informatics helped identify that although inappropriate ER use for NTDCs diminished due to ER diversion efforts, they remain a significant burden. Policy changes to promote models that improve access to preventive care such as that divert patients from ER by integrating preventive and curative dental services with existing medical coverage are needed.

scholarly journals Dental Expenditure by Household Income in Korea over the Period 2008–2017: A Review of the National Dental Insurance Reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3859
Author(s):  
Hosung Shin ◽  
Han-A Cho ◽  
Bo-Ra Kim
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Delta Method ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Insurance Reform ◽  
Health Insurance Reform

Since 2009, the National Health Insurance in Korea (NHI) has been implementing a series of policies to expand the scope of dental benefits. This study reviewed the changes in co-payments and dental use patterns before (2008 to 2012) and after (2013 to 2017) the NHI’s dental health insurance reform. The study used Korea Health Panel data of 7681 households (16,493 household members) from a 10-year period (2008–2017). Dental expenditures and equivalent income using square root of household size were analyzed. Dental services were categorized into 13 types and a concentration index and 95% confidence interval using the delta method was calculated to identify income-related inequalities by a dental service. Dental expenditures and the number of dental services used increased significantly, while the proportion of out-of-pocket spending by the elderly decreased. The expenditure ratio for implant services to total dental expenditures increased substantially in all age groups, but the ratio of expenditures for dentures and fixed bridges decreased relatively. The concentration index of implant services was basically in favor of the rich, but there was no longer a significant bias favoring the better-off after the reforms. The dental health insurance reform in Korea appears to contribute not only to lowering the ratio of out-of-pocket to total dental expenses per episode in the elderly but also to improving the inequality of dental expenses.

scholarly journals Emergency Intervention Need for Community Dental Services (Pathfinder Survey in North Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Daeng Pasiga ◽  
Arifurrahman Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Oral health is considered an important component of public health, but there are still many people who are less concerned with oral and dental health. Objective: to describe emergency dental care interventions for communities based on age groups in North Mamuju.West of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Materials, and Methods: The age categories in the survey were three age groups: children (6-12 years old), young (12-17 years old), and adults (18-60 years old). Analytical observational research with Cross-sectional design, which is a survey of oral pathfinder, determined by simply taking, they are Sarjo and Bambaira Districts. Results: The sample of 935 men with male sex was 39.7% and women 63.3%. The percentage of distribution of dental care needs is 97.4%. Emergency care needed is preventive care / routine care needed as much as 13.5%, rapid care needs as much as 65.8%, urgent care needs due to pain, and dental infections as much as 17.2%. Conclusion: The need for emergency and immediate dental care in the community is still quite high.

Changing Trends in Dental Caries Experience in Great Britain

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Downer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
England And Wales

Periodic national surveys of dental health since 1968, and a coordinated program of local surveys of children since 1985, have provided a comprehensive picture of trends in dental caries experience in Great Britain over the course of two decades. This review of some of the findings examines changes in adult caries experience, together with the related phenomenon of total tooth loss; presents evidence of a cohort effect in the decline in caries among children and young adults; and considers likely future trends and their implications for the dental services. Conclusions drawn were: (1) Although the proportion of the population with no natural teeth is declining rapidly among young adults, levels of edentulousness among older age groups will remain high for some time to come; (2) in England and Wales, a modest decline in caries experience of young adults between 1968 and 1978 accelerated between 1978 and 1988 [The greatest change in annual rate of reduction over two decades was in 16-24-year-olds, and in absolute terms, mean DMFT in this age group decreased from 15.7 to 10.4 during the period.]; (3) a cohort effect is discernible in the changing pattern [Thus, caries has apparently stabilized in young children, whereas in adolescents and young adults the rate of decline has increased.]; and (4) smaller improvements in dental health have occurred in Scotland than in England and Wales.

scholarly journals Oral health and use of dental services in different stages of adulthood in Norway: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Hadler-Olsen ◽  
Birgitta Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status and oral health care habits may change throughout adult life. This calls for age-stratified analyses of oral health in the adult population to uncover differences that could be of importance for organizing adequate oral health care services. The aim of the present study was to describe self-reported oral health in different age groups in a general adult population in Norway, and to explore associations between self-reported oral health and age groups, sociodemographic factors, use of dental services, number of teeth and dental caries. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study of almost 2000 Norwegian adults, 20–79 years old. The study included both a structured questionnaire and a clinical examination to assess sociodemographic variables, use of dental services, self-reported oral and general health as well as dental caries and number of teeth. For analysis, the participants were divided into three age groups: young adults (20–29 years), middle-aged adults (30–59 years), and senior adults (60 years and older). Differences among groups were analyzed by cross-tabulation, and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between variables. Results Forty-eight percent of the participants rated their oral health as good. Almost half of the participants had at least one carious tooth, with the highest caries prevalence among the young adults. To be caries free was strongly associated with reporting good oral health among the young and middle-aged adults. One third of the senior adults had fewer than 20 teeth, which was associated with reporting moderate or poor oral health. Less than half of the young adults reported regular use of dental services, and 40% of them had postponed dental visits for financial reasons during the past 2 years. Regardless of age group, having to postpone dental visits for financial reasons or having poor-to-moderate general health were associated with high odds for reporting moderate or poor oral health. Conclusions That there were important age-group differences in self-reported and clinical measures of oral health and in the use of dental health services demonstrates the importance of age-stratified analyses in oral health research. Many adults, especially among the young, faced financial barriers for receiving dental health services, which was associated with poorer self-reported oral health. This argues for a need to revisit the financing of oral health care for adults in Norway.

scholarly journals The selection of medicinal materials as a root filler among bioactive sealer (review of literature)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-589
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Dental Clinics

According to WHO (2012), Russian and foreign researchers data, prevalence rate of dental diseases among children reaches 75–95 %, among adults – 100 %, and in age groups above 35 years old, dental and mouth cavity problems become the primary concern. Despite intensification of the sanitation process in clinical dentistry, many researchers note the tendency of decrease in national dental health. Dealing with such an important medical-social goal as radical decrease of dental illnesses is in the area of complex approach not only to realization of sanitation-prophylaxis measures, but also in using novel ideas in dental services. The problems of legal regulations and administrative management of dental clinics in new economic conditions are key priority areas for the modern Russian medical industry. Rapid development of medical services market, improvement medical insurance services, providing more freedom for medical organizations in implementation of its activities marked the significance of search for more effective mechanisms of dental clinics work organization, focused on dental services improvement. High quality medical care should provide financial-economy and medical-social efficacy of healthcare development programs, determined to improve population quality and duration of life. Herewith, currently there are no unified criteria to determine medical care quality in Russia and abroad. The expediency to perform independent medical expertise of performed dental services is beyond dispute. Objectification of final treatment result evaluation is possible only when the patient medical condition data is available, determination of causal relationships between medical personnel actions and their consequences for the health of a citizen.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DENTAL HEALTH OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN OF OMSK WITH THE HELP OF EUROPEAN INDICATORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Аьбина Гарифуллина ◽  
A'bina Garifullina ◽  
Галина Скрипкина ◽  
Galina Skripkina ◽  
Таисия Бурнашова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
The City

Background. Analysis of publications on the descriptive epidemiology of dental caries of children in the city of Omsk and the region shows that preventive measures that were implemented by the Department of Pediatric Dentistry in the 1990s contributed to a significant decrease in the intensity of caries of permanent teeth of a key age group of children 12 years old. However, the achieved level is still 2-3 times higher than the best world achievements and is quite far from the WHO recommendations by 2020 (the CPU of the teeth of 12-year-old children should not be more than 1.5). Objectives ― to evaluate and compare the most significant indicators of dental health in children of school age with the help of European indicators. The dental status of 12-year-olds in Omsk in 2015 and 2018 was investigated using the EGOHID-2005 system. Methods. A dental examination of 200 schoolchildren aged 12 years old was conducted in several schools in Omsk using the EGOHID-2005 system. Results. A comparative description of the dental health of children with the help of European indicators is given. It allowed to establish that, against the background of the implementation of the Program for the Prevention of Major Dental Diseases among the children's population of the region, a decrease in the incidence of dental incidence in key age groups of 12-year-old children has been observed Omsk. Conclusions. The study proves once again that it is possible to solve the problem of high incidence of dental caries in children only with the priority development of the preventive focus of modern dental services in the regions.

82 The Significant Burden of Burn Injuries in the Middle East: An Epidemiological Study of Nineteen Countries over 27 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S56-S57
Author(s):  
Zachary J Collier ◽  
Yasmina Samaha ◽  
Priyanka Naidu ◽  
Katherine J Choi ◽  
Christopher H Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Despite ongoing improvements in burn care around the world, the burden of burn morbidity and mortality has remined a significant challenge in the Middle East due to ongoing conflicts, economic crises, social disparities, and dangerous living conditions. Here, we examine the epidemiology of burn injuries in the Middle East (ME) relative to socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex in order to better define regional hotspots that may benefit most from sustainability and capacity building initiatives. Methods Computational modeling from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database was used to extrapolate burn data about the nineteen countries that define the ME. Using the GBD17, the yearly incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017 were defined with respect to age and sex as rates of cases, deaths, and years per 100,000 persons, respectively. Mortality ratio represents the percentage of deaths relative to incident cases. Data from 2017 was spatially mapped using heat-mapping for the region. Results Over 27 years in the ME, an estimated 18,289,496 burns and 308,361 deaths occurred causing 24.5 million DALYs. Burn incidence decreased by 5% globally but only 1% in the ME. Although global incidence continued to decline, most ME countries exhibit steady increases since 2004. Compared to global averages, higher mortality rates (2.8% vs 2.0%) and DALYs (205 vs 152 years) were observed in the Middle East during this time although the respective disparities narrowed by 95% and 42% by 2017. Yemen had the worst death and DALY rates all 27 years with 2 and 2.2 times the ME average, respectively. Sudan had the highest morality ratio (3.7%) for most of the study, twice the ME average (1.8%), followed by Yemen at 3.6%. Sex-specific incidence, deaths, and DALYs in the ME were higher compared to the global cohorts. ME women had the worst rates in all categories. With respect to age, all rates were worse in the ME age groups except in those under 5 years. Conclusions For almost three decades, ME burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality rates were consistently worse than global average. Despite the already significant differences for burn frequency and severity, especially in women and children, underreporting from countries who lack sufficient registry capabilities likely means that the rates are even worse than predicted.

Cumulative reproductive performance effect on overall lifetime productivity in Merino sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
J. S. Richards ◽  
M. A. Sladek ◽  
G. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The South ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

Reproduction is an important driver of profitability in commercial sheep flocks. Historically, Merino flocks have been run with a fixed age structure, ignoring individual merit and casting for age at a specific age. More recently, research has focussed on utilising the variation within age groups by keeping productive older ewes longer and culling less productive ewes earlier. Previous studies have also examined the effect of age on reproduction and the impact of reproduction status on productivity, but little research has been conducted on cumulative effects of reproductive performance on later productivity, reproduction and health. The present study examined the impact of higher lifetime reproduction on other key production and fitness traits in older ewes run under commercial conditions. Data were collected from two commercial wool-producing properties in the South West Slopes and the Central West Plains of New South Wales during 2009–2011. Reproduction, fleece measurements, bodyweight and condition and dental health were recorded during the study. The results showed that age had a bigger effect on productivity and dental health than did cumulative lifetime reproduction. Environment and genetics determined the level of impact, with minimal loss in productivity from increased age of animals occurring in the South West Slopes flock, whereas the Central West Plains flock would appear to require closer monitoring of productivity as ewes aged. The data collected did not allow separation of the genetic and environmental influences within the study. Retaining animals with a higher reproductive performance past normal culling age does not necessarily result in reduction of productivity or ewe health, but this must be monitored.

scholarly journals The Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Phylogenetics of Rhinoviruses among Paediatric Cases in Sydney, Australia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillon Adam ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Matthew Scotch ◽  
C. Raina MacIntyre ◽  
Dominic Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sydney Australia

Background Rhinoviruses (RV) represent the most common aetiological agent of all acute respiratory tract infections across all age groups and a significant burden of disease among children. Recent studies have shown that RV-A and RV-C species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity and clinical symptoms. Methods In this study, we uncovered potential associations between RV species and subtypes, and clinical disease severity using a matched dataset of 52 RV isolates sampled from children (<18 years) in Sydney, Australia between 2006 and 2009 using epidemiological and phylogenetic methods. Results We found that RV-C was significantly more likely to be isolated from paediatric cases under two years of age compared to RV-A, although no significant differences in recorded symptoms were observed. Significant phylogenetic-trait associations between age and the VP4/VP2 capsid protein phylogeny suggests age-specific variations in infectivity among subtypes might also be possible. Conclusions This study adds to the growing body of epidemiological evidence concerning RV. Improving surveillance and testing for RV, including routine whole genome sequencing may improve our understanding of the varied diseashe outcomes of RV species and subtypes. Future studies could aim to identify specific genetic markers associated with age-specific infectivity of RV which could inform treatment practices and public health surveillance of RV.

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