82 The Significant Burden of Burn Injuries in the Middle East: An Epidemiological Study of Nineteen Countries over 27 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S56-S57
Author(s):  
Zachary J Collier ◽  
Yasmina Samaha ◽  
Priyanka Naidu ◽  
Katherine J Choi ◽  
Christopher H Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Despite ongoing improvements in burn care around the world, the burden of burn morbidity and mortality has remined a significant challenge in the Middle East due to ongoing conflicts, economic crises, social disparities, and dangerous living conditions. Here, we examine the epidemiology of burn injuries in the Middle East (ME) relative to socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex in order to better define regional hotspots that may benefit most from sustainability and capacity building initiatives. Methods Computational modeling from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database was used to extrapolate burn data about the nineteen countries that define the ME. Using the GBD17, the yearly incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017 were defined with respect to age and sex as rates of cases, deaths, and years per 100,000 persons, respectively. Mortality ratio represents the percentage of deaths relative to incident cases. Data from 2017 was spatially mapped using heat-mapping for the region. Results Over 27 years in the ME, an estimated 18,289,496 burns and 308,361 deaths occurred causing 24.5 million DALYs. Burn incidence decreased by 5% globally but only 1% in the ME. Although global incidence continued to decline, most ME countries exhibit steady increases since 2004. Compared to global averages, higher mortality rates (2.8% vs 2.0%) and DALYs (205 vs 152 years) were observed in the Middle East during this time although the respective disparities narrowed by 95% and 42% by 2017. Yemen had the worst death and DALY rates all 27 years with 2 and 2.2 times the ME average, respectively. Sudan had the highest morality ratio (3.7%) for most of the study, twice the ME average (1.8%), followed by Yemen at 3.6%. Sex-specific incidence, deaths, and DALYs in the ME were higher compared to the global cohorts. ME women had the worst rates in all categories. With respect to age, all rates were worse in the ME age groups except in those under 5 years. Conclusions For almost three decades, ME burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality rates were consistently worse than global average. Despite the already significant differences for burn frequency and severity, especially in women and children, underreporting from countries who lack sufficient registry capabilities likely means that the rates are even worse than predicted.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

scholarly journals Mortality Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Northeastern Italy, 2008–2020: A Multiple Cause of Death Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7249
Author(s):  
Alessandro Marcon ◽  
Elena Schievano ◽  
Ugo Fedeli
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

Mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasing in most European countries, but there are no data for Italy. We analysed the registry data from a region in northeastern Italy to assess the trends in IPF-related mortality during 2008–2019, to compare results of underlying vs. multiple cause of death analyses, and to describe the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. We identified IPF (ICD-10 code J84.1) among the causes of death registered in 557,932 certificates in the Veneto region. We assessed time trends in annual age-standardized mortality rates by gender and age (40–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years). IPF was the underlying cause of 1310 deaths in the 2251 certificates mentioning IPF. For all age groups combined, the age-standardized mortality rate from IPF identified as the underlying cause of death was close to the European median (males and females: 3.1 and 1.3 per 100,000/year, respectively). During 2008–2019, mortality rates increased in men aged ≥85 years (annual percent change of 6.5%, 95% CI: 2.0, 11.2%), but not among women or for the younger age groups. A 72% excess of IPF-related deaths was registered in March–April 2020 (mortality ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.24). IPF mortality was increasing among older men in northeastern Italy. The burden of IPF was heavier than assessed by routine statistics, since less than two out of three IPF-related deaths were directly attributed to this condition. COVID-19 was accompanied by a remarkable increase in IPF-related mortality.

Health Status in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Middle East and North Africa Countries: Implications for Global Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MIRZAEI ◽  
Zhaleh ABDI ◽  
Elham AHMADNEZHAD ◽  
Mahshad GOHRIMEHR ◽  
Elham ABDALMALEKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Years

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of Iranians following the sustainable development goals (SDGs) introduction and to compare with those of the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) and global. Methods: This comparative study used secondary data analysis to investigate socio-demographic and health status indicator. The sources included census, population-based surveys and death registries. The indicators in MENA were obtained from international databases including WHO, the World Bank and the Institute for Health Assessment and Evaluation (IHME). Results: Life expectancy and human development index increased following the HTP implementation. Among causes of death, 74.6% were attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There was an increasing trend in risk factors for NCDs in Iran, while at the same time Neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates reduced. Compared to the MENA, Iran has a lower maternal mortality ratio, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality rates, and a higher life expectancy. NCDs and road injuries accounted for a larger portion of disability-adjusted life years in Iran compared to the MENA and worldwide. Conclusion: Actions against communicable diseases and road traffic injuries are required together with continued efforts to address NCDs. Although Iran does not have a low global SDGs Index ranking, there is a need to develop a roadmap to accelerate achieving global health goals and SDGs implementation.

scholarly journals The Burden of Stroke in The Municipality of Chongqing, China, From 1990 To 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiya Yang ◽  
Sha Ran ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Zuocheng Wu ◽  
Dong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Western China ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract Background: The burden of stroke varies substantially across regions in China. However, comprehensive comparisons between regions are lacking. This study aims to analyze variations in stroke burden in the municipality of Chongqing, Western China, from 1990-2016. Methods: Data on prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by age, sex, location, and year were extracted from the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2016) of China between 1990-2016. The datasets were compared to examine the temporal trends in stroke burden in the last two decades.Results: In 2016, there were 670,438 cases of stroke, 41,022 deaths, and 847,437 DALYs due to stroke in Chongqing. Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of IS and HS were higher in men whereas age-standardized prevalence rates of IS were higher in women. From 1990 to 2016, age-standardized prevalence rates of overall stroke increased by 33.29%, whereas mortality rates and DALYs decreased by 34.51% and 34.79%, respectively. YLLs were the main contributor to DALYs; however, the YLL/YLD ratio decreased over time. During the study period, the overall burden of stroke decreased, whereas the prevalence rate of IS increased in all age groups.Conclusions: Despite a decrease in mortality rates, the increase in the prevalence of stroke in Chongqing stresses the need to allocate more health resources. Special attention should be paid to discrepancies in the estimation of the type of stroke according to gender and age to determine mechanisms that explain the causes of stroke.

Secular Change in Mortality from Suicide in Australia during the 20th Century

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Donaldson ◽  
Peng Bi ◽  
Janet B Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Early Century ◽  
Age And Sex

To identify secular change in Australian suicide mortality over the period 1907-1998 and to seek possible explanations, a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted. Deaths due to suicide from 1907 to 1998 were identified according to the ICD-9. Trends in overall annual suicide mortality rates for all causes and individual causes were examined using the three-year moving average method, standardised by age and sex. Secular trends for mortality over the study period were examined in various age groups, using linear regression to test the slope. The results indicated that there has been a decline in overall age and sex standardised mortality from suicide over the study period. The death rate dropped from 15.2 per 100,000 in the early century to 13.9 per 100,000 in late century. Despite the overall decline, the female suicide mortality rates increased over the study period. Male suicide mortality rates were significantly higher than female rates over the study period (P<0.0001). Increased suicide rates were observed in the 15-24 and 25-44 year old age groups for both males and females. The group of 65+ year old females also had increased rates. Decreased rates were observed in both the male and female 45-64 year old age group and in the 65+ year old male age group. The three most common suicide methods used by males in 1907 were guns, poisoning and hanging, while for females they were drowning, hanging and poisoning. In 1998 they were changed to hanging, gas and guns for males and hanging, gas and drowning and poisoning (equally third) for females. These trends can be attributed to numerous factors such as economic crisis, world wars, the availability of suicide methods, a person's gender.

Systematic review and collaborative recalculation of 133 693 incident cases of schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Werf ◽  
M. Hanssen ◽  
S. Köhler ◽  
M. Verkaaik ◽  
F. R. Verhey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Median Rate ◽  
Age And Sex

BackgroundThis systematic review and collaborative recalculation was set up to recalculate schizophrenia incidence rates from previously published studies by age and sex.MethodPubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched (January 1950 to December 2009) for schizophrenia incidence studies. Numerator and population data were extracted by age, sex and, if possible, study period. Original data were requested from the authors to calculate age- and sex-specific incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by age and sex from negative binomial regression models.ResultsForty-three independent samples met inclusion criteria, yielding 133 693 incident cases of schizophrenia for analysis. Men had a 1.15-fold (95% CI 1.00–1.31) greater risk of schizophrenia than women. In men, incidence peaked at age 20–29 years (median rate 4.15/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.61, 95% CI 1.74–3.92). In women, incidence peaked at age 20–29 (median rate 1.71/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.34, 95% CI 1.66–3.28) and 30–39 years (median rate 1.24/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.25, 95% CI 1.55–3.28). This peak was followed by an age–incidence decline up to age 60 years that was stronger in men than in women (χ2 = 57.90, p < 0.001). The relative risk of schizophrenia was greater in men up to age 39 years and this reversed to a greater relative risk in women over the age groups 50–70 years. No evidence for a second incidence peak in middle-aged women was found.ConclusionsRobust sex differences exist in the distribution of schizophrenia risk across the age span, suggesting differential susceptibility to schizophrenia for men and women at different stages of life.

83 Burn Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Global Burden of Disease Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S57-S58
Author(s):  
Zachary J Collier ◽  
Priyanka Naidu ◽  
Katherine J Choi ◽  
Christopher H Pham ◽  
Tom Potokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Introduction Over 1 million burns occur in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) each year leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Financial constraints, social stigma, political strife, inaccessible healthcare facilities, limited perioperative resources, and low workforce capacity results in steep barriers to obtaining timely and effective burn care. This study set out to better define the burn burden as well as the age and gender-related disparities within SSA, to identify specific sub-regions and countries that would benefit most from targeted interventions to enhance burn care. Methods Data for all 46 SSA countries were acquired from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database of the Global Health Data Exchange. Information regarding fire, heat, and hot substance-related injuries was derived from 17,792 data sources to estimate burn-related incidence, deaths, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) by year, sex, age, and location from 1990 to 2017. Summative statistics were created for burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality ratio (deaths: incidence; %). Spatial mapping was performed to identify burn burden for specific regions and countries. Results An estimated 28,127,199 burns occurred in SSA from 1990–2017. On average, SSA accounted for 16% of worldwide burns, 21% of burn deaths, and 25% of DALYs. Furthermore, the mortality rate was 2.2 times the global average and remained nearly double the entire 27-year period. While all SSA regions had higher incidence, deaths, and DALYs compared to the global cohort, the Southern SSA region consistently had the highest incidence (211 cases per 100,000), deaths (7 per 100,000), and DALYs (355 years per 100,000) throughout the time period, with Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe having the highest rates. In contrast to gender similarities globally for burn indicators, all regions within SSA showed higher incidence rates (144 vs 136 cases per 100,000), deaths (5.4 vs 4.7 deaths per 100,000), and DALYs (289 vs 272 years per 100,000) for men than women when age standardized. Conclusions With an estimated 1.4 million burn injuries in 2017, SSA accounted for over 15% of all worldwide burns and 20% of global burn deaths. Although all trended rates improved over the years for each country, they were consistently worse and slower to improve in all regions of SSA compared to the rest of the world. While both Central and Southern SSA regions had the greatest burn burden, burns in Central SSA more significantly impacted those under 5 years whereas Southern SSA saw the greatest burden on the 15–49-year age group.

scholarly journals Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to type 2 diabetes in Germany in 2020 and 2040

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddäus Tönnies ◽  
Annika Hoyer ◽  
Ralph Brinks
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes can lead to reduced productivity during working age. We aimed to estimate productive life years lost associated with type 2 diabetes on the individual and population level in Germany in 2020 and 2040, while accounting for future trends in mortality. Methods Based on a mathematical projection model, we estimated age- and sex-specific productivity losses associated with type 2 diabetes during working age (20–69 years) in Germany in 2020 and 2040. Productivity losses in terms of excess mortality (years of life lost, YLL) and reductions in labour force participation, presenteeism and absenteeism (years of productivity lost, YPL) were summed to calculate productivity-adjusted life years (PALY) lost. Input data for the projection were based on meta-analyses, representative population-based studies and population projections to account for future trends in mortality. Results Compared with a person without type 2 diabetes, mean PALY lost per person with type 2 diabetes in 2020 was 2.6 years (95% CI 2.3, 3.0). Of these 2.6 years, 0.4 (95% CI 0.3, 0.4) years were lost due to YLL and 2.3 (95% CI 1.9, 2.6) years were lost due to YPL. Age- and sex-specific results show that younger age groups and women are expected to lose more productive life years than older age groups and men. Population-wide estimates suggest that 4.60 (95% CI 4.58, 4.63) million people with prevalent type 2 diabetes in 2020 are expected to lose 12.06 (95% CI 10.42, 13.76) million PALY (1.62 million years due to YLL and 10.44 million years due to YPL). In 2040, individual-level PALY lost are projected to slightly decrease due to reductions in YLL. In contrast, population-wide PALY lost are projected to increase to 15.39 (95% CI 13.19, 17.64) million due to an increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes to 5.45 (95% CI 5.41, 5.50) million. Conclusions/interpretation On the population level, a substantial increase in productivity burden associated with type 2 diabetes was projected for Germany between 2020 and 2040. Efforts to reduce the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related complications may attenuate this increase. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Mortality rate of gastric cancer in the population of Belgrade for 1990-2002 period

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Isidora Ratkov ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Trend Functions ◽  
Annual Decline

Background. Worldwide, gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of diseases, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Aim. To analyze the differences between men and women in mortality rate of gastric cancer in Belgrade from 1990?2002. Methods. Mortality rates standardized directly to the ?World population?, and regression analysis were used. Results. In Belgrade population, 29.2% out the total number of deaths attributable to cancer were caused by gastric cancer. Gastric cancer was the second most common cause of death among digestive tract cancers. In women, in the period between 1990 and 1993, an average annual decline of mortality was 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.9?13.1), and between 1994 and 2002, an average annual increase was 10.3% (CI = 8.4?12.6). Mortality rate series of gastric cancer in men did not fit any of the usual trend functions. The male/female gastric cancer mortality ratio was 1.7 : 1. Mortality rates for gastric cancer rose with age in both sexes and they were highest in the age group of 70 and more years. From 1990?2002, in both sexes aged 70 years and more, mortality from gastric cancer rose by 67.2% (CI = 58.0?76.4) in men and by 69.6% (CI = 60.6?78.6) in women. During the same period, the death rates in men decreased by 75.9 % (CI = 67.5?84.4) in the age group of 30?39 years, and by 48.1% (CI = 38.4?57.9) in women aged 50?59 years. In both sexes mortality rate series of all other age groups did not fit any of the usual trend functions. Conclusions. The increase in mortality rate of gastric in women over the past few years, showed the necessity of instituting primary and secondary preventive measures.

scholarly journals 42 COVID-19 Slowdown? Not in Our Burn Center!

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S31-S32
Author(s):  
David G Greenhalgh ◽  
Kathleen S Romanowski ◽  
Soman Sen ◽  
Tina L Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Burn Centers ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Significant Burden

Abstract Introduction There has been a great concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has interfered with burn care. The feeling has been that resources have been shifted to treating the COVID patients and that “shelter-in-place” requirements have reduced the risks for burn injury. The ABA and other organizations have sent biweekly surveys in order to determine how the pandemic has interfered with burn care. Despite these concerns, we seemed very busy. Methods The inpatient data was collected in our adult and pediatric burn centers between January 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic there was an increase in burn admissions in both adult and pediatric centers. At the same time there were 1270 COVID-19 adult admissions and 4 COVID-positive admissions at the pediatric center. In the adult center, there was increase from 414 total admissions from fiscal year 2019 (7/2018-6/2019) of 414 to 495 for fiscal year 2020 (7/2019-6/2020). The average daily census also increased from 18.33 to 18.36 during the same period. The monthly number of burn admissions increased from 38.5/month for the last six months of 2019 to 44/month for the first six months of 2020. The admission rate continued in July (41) and August (47). In the first 8 months of 2020, there were 356 admissions with a mean TBSA of 11.3%. There were many large burns admitted in late summer. The mean TBSA of the 12 bed ICU on September 11, 2020 was 60.6% (range 25–85%). In the pediatric unit, there were 174 admissions through July 2020, a 6% increase from the preceding same period. There was a 6% decrease in burn reconstruction. Conclusions Despite a significant burden of COVID-19 patients, burn admissions also increased at the same time. There was no evidence that “shelter-in-place” requirements changed the risk for burn injuries. Resources for critical care needs should not be siphoned away from burn centers during pandemics. Risky behaviors leading to burns do not go away despite new health crises.

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