Virtual Reality in Medical Students’ Education: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Jiang ◽  
Sunitha Vimalesvaran ◽  
Jeremy King Wang ◽  
Kee Boon Lim ◽  
Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Group Setting

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is a digital education modality that produces a virtual manifestation of the real world and it has been increasingly used in medical education. As VR encompasses different modalities, tools and applications, there is a need to explore how VR has been employed in medical education. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to map existing research on the use of VR in undergraduate medical education and to identify areas of future research METHODS We performed a search of 4 bibliographic databases in December 2020, with data extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The data was narratively synthesized and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. RESULTS Of 114 included studies, 69 studies (61%) reported the use of commercially available surgical VR simulators. Other VR modalities included 3D models (15 [14%]) and virtual worlds (20 [18%]), mainly used for anatomy education. Most of the VR modalities included were semi-immersive (68 [60%]) and of high interactivity (79 [70%]). There is limited evidence on the use of more novel VR modalities such as mobile VR and virtual dissection tables (8 [7%]), as well as the use of VR for training of non-surgical and non-psychomotor skills (20 [18%]) or in group setting (16 [14%]). Only 3 studies reported the use conceptual frameworks or theories in the design of VR. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive research available on VR in medical education, there continues to be important gaps in the evidence. Future studies should explore the use of VR for the development of non-psychomotor skills and in areas other than surgery and anatomy.

scholarly journals Virtual reality in medical students’ education: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046986
Author(s):  
Jiang Haowen ◽  
Sunitha Vimalesvaran ◽  
Bhone Myint Kyaw ◽  
Lorainne Tudor Car
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Author ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Scoping Reviews

BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) is a technology that produces a virtual manifestation of the real world. In recent years, VR has been increasingly used as a tool in medical education. The use of VR in medical education has large potential, as it allows for distance learning and training which may be challenging to deliver in real life. VR encompasses different tools and applications. There is a need to explore how VR has been employed in medical education to date.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to conceptualise the VR tools available and the applications of VR in undergraduate medical education as reported in the literature. This scoping review will identify any gaps in this field and provide suggestions for future research.Methods and analysisThe relevant studies will be examined using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework for scoping studies. A comprehensive search from a total of six electronic databases and grey literature sources will be performed. The reference list of included studies will be screened for additional studies. The screening and data extraction will be done in parallel and independently by two review authors. Any discrepancies will be resolved through consensus or discussion with a third review author. A data extraction form has been developed using key themes from the research questions. The extracted data will be qualitatively analysed and presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form, alongside a narrative summary, in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.Ethics and disseminationAll data will be collected from published and grey literature. Ethics approval is therefore not a requirement. We will present our findings at relevant conferences and submit them for publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Place, Power, and Premature Mortality: A Rapid Scoping Review on the Health of Women in Appalachia

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110113
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Thompson ◽  
Lauren R. Risser ◽  
Madeline N. Dunfee ◽  
Nancy E. Schoenberg ◽  
Jessica G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Appalachian Women ◽  
Social Ecological

Objective: Appalachian women continue to die younger than in other US regions. We performed a rapid scoping review to summarize women’s health research in Appalachia from 2000 to 2019, including health topics, study populations, theoretical frameworks, methods, and findings. Data Source: We searched bibliographic databases (eg, PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar) for literature focusing on women’s health in Appalachia. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Included articles were: (1) on women’s health in Appalachia; (2) published January 2000 to June 2019; (3) peer-reviewed; and (4) written in English. We excluded studies without reported data findings. Data Extraction: Two coders reviewed articles for descriptive information to create summary tables comparing variables of interest. Data Synthesis: Two coders co-reviewed a sub-sample to ensure consensus and refine data charting categories. We categorized major findings across the social-ecological framework. Results: A search of nearly 2 decades of literature revealed 81 articles, which primarily focused on cancer disparities (49.4%) and prenatal/pregnancy outcomes (23.5%). Many of these research studies took place in Central Appalachia (eg, 42.0% in Kentucky) with reproductive or middle-aged women (82.7%). Half of the studies employed quantitative methods, and half used qualitative methods, with few mixed method or community-engaged approaches (3.7%). Nearly half (40.7%) did not specify a theoretical framework. Findings included complex multi-level factors with few articles exploring the co-occurrence of factors across multiple levels. Conclusions: Future studies should: 1) systematically include Appalachian women at various life stages from under-represented sub-regions; 2) expand the use of rigorous methods and specified theoretical frameworks to account for complex interactions of social-ecological factors; and 3) build upon existing community assets to improve health in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Complex Lifestyle and Psychological Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12757
Author(s):  
Bryan Yijia Tan ◽  
Tivona Thach ◽  
Yasmin Lynda Munro ◽  
Soren Thorgaard Skou ◽  
Julian Thumboo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Knee Oa

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain, disability and poor quality of life in the elderly. The primary aim was to identify and map out the current evidence for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions for knee OA. The secondary aim was to outline different components of complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions. Our scoping review searched five databases from 2000 to 2021 where complex lifestyle or psychosocial interventions for patients with knee OA were compared to other interventions. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently and discrepancies resolved through consensus and in parallel with a third reviewer. A total of 38 articles were selected: 9 studied the effectiveness of psychological interventions; 11 were on self-management and lifestyle interventions; 18 looked at multifaceted interventions. This review highlights the substantial variation in knee OA interventions and the overall lack of quality in the current literature. Potential areas of future research, including identifying prognostic social factors, stratified care models, transdisciplinary care delivery and technology augmented interventions, have been identified. Further high-quality RCTs utilizing process evaluations and economic evaluation in accordance with the MRC guidelines are critical for the development of evidence-based knee OA programs globally.

scholarly journals Exploration of implementation, financial and technical considerations within allied health professional (AHP) telehealth consultation guidance: a scoping review including UK AHP professional bodies’ guidance

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055823
Author(s):  
Enza Leone ◽  
Nicola Eddison ◽  
Aoife Healy ◽  
Carolyn Royse ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a shift to remote consultations, but telehealth consultation guidelines are lacking or inconsistent. Therefore, a scoping review was performed to chart the information in the articles exploring telehealth for the UK allied health professionals (AHPs) and compare them with the UK AHP professional bodies’ guidelines.DesignScoping review following Aksey and O’ Malley methodological framework.Data sourcesCINHAL and MEDLINE were searched from inception to March 2021 using terms related to ‘telehealth’, ‘guidelines’ and ‘AHPs’. Additionally, the UK AHP professional bodies were contacted requesting their guidelines.Study selectionArticles exploring telehealth for patient consultations, written in English and published in peer-reviewed journal or guidelines available from UK AHP professional bodies/their websites were considered eligible for review.Data extractionOne reviewer extracted data concerning three overarching domains: implementation, financial and technological considerations.Results2632 articles were identified through database searches with 21 articles eligible for review. Eight guidelines were obtained from the UK AHP professional bodies with a total of 29 included articles/guidelines. Most articles were published in the last two years; there was variety in telehealth terminology, and most were developed for occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech and language therapists. Information was lacking about the assessment of telehealth use and effectiveness, barriers and limitations, the logistical management, the family’s and caregiver’s roles and the costs. There was lack of clarity on the AHPs’ registration requirements, costs and coverage, and legal aspects.ConclusionThis study identified gaps in current guidelines, which showed similarities as well as discrepancies with the guidance for non-AHP healthcare professionals and revealed that the existing guidelines do not adequately support AHPs delivering telehealth consultations. Future research and collaborative work across AHP groups and the world’s leading health institutions are suggested to establish common guidelines that will improve AHP telehealth services.

Robotics and Multimodal Biometrics

2013 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multimodal System ◽  
Security Research ◽  
University Of Louisville ◽  
Behavioral Profiling ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
New Generation

This chapter presents a review on a new subfield of security research which transforms and expands the domain of biometrics beyond biological entities to include virtual reality entities, such as avatars, which are rapidly becoming a part of society. Artimetrics research at Cybersecurity Lab, University of Louisville, USA, and Biometric Technologies Lab, University of Calgary, Canada, builds on and expands such diverse fields of science as forensics, robotics, virtual worlds, computer graphics, biometrics, and security. Analyzing the visual properties and behavioral profiling can ensure verification and recognition of avatars. This chapter introduces a multimodal system for artificial entities recognition, simultaneously profiling multiple independent physical and behavioral characteristic of an entity, and creating a new generation multimodal system capable of authenticating both biological (human being) and non-biological (avatars) entities. At the end, this chapter focuses on some future research directions by discussing robotic biometrics beyond images and text-based communication to intelligent software agents that can emulate human intelligence. As artificial intelligence and virtual reality domains evolve, they will in turn give rise to new generation security solutions to identity management spanning both human and artificial entity worlds.

scholarly journals Type and use of digital technology in learning health systems: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026204
Author(s):  
Lysanne Lessard ◽  
Agnes Grudniewicz ◽  
Antoine Sauré ◽  
Agnieszka Szczotka ◽  
James King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionHealth systems in North America and Europe have been criticised for their lack of safety, efficiency and effectiveness despite rising healthcare costs. In response, healthcare leaders and researchers have articulated the need to transform current health systems into continuously and rapidly learning health systems (LHSs). While digital technology has been envisioned as providing the transformational power for LHSs by generating timely evidence and supporting best care practices, it remains to be ascertained if it is indeed playing this role in current LHS initiatives. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims at providing a comprehensive understanding of how and to what extent digital technology is used within LHSs. Results will help to identify gaps in the literature as a means to guide future research on this topic.Methods and analysisMultiple databases and grey literature will be searched with terms related to learning health systems. Records selection will be done in duplicate by two reviewers applying pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction from selected records will be done by two reviewers using a piloted data charting form. Results will be synthesised through a descriptive numerical summary and a mapping of digital technology use onto types of LHSs and phases of learning within LHSs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. Preliminary results will be shared with stakeholders to account for their perspectives when drawing conclusions. Final results will be disseminated through presentations at relevant conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of premature ventricular contraction among adult patients: protocol for a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukardi Suba ◽  
Michele M. Pelter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions

Abstract Background Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are one of the most common arrhythmias detected from electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. PVCs were thought to cause lethal arrhythmias and thus were closely monitored and treated. However, in current practice, PVCs generally do not required treatment. There is also concern that PVCs contribute to excessive alarms and lead to alarm fatigue. Practice guidelines for in-hospital monitoring state that monitoring for PVCs may be indicated on some patients but do not recommend continuous ECG monitoring. Despite these recommendations, PVC monitoring practices remain part of routine care, especially in the intensive care unit, for worry of missing potentially significant arrhythmia events. A thorough scoping review of the literature regarding the clinical significance of PVC is imperative, precisely to map out the evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic values of PVCs and to identify research gaps on this issue. Methods The primary question of this review is “what is the clinical significance of PVCs in adults?” Preparation of this scoping review will use the PRISMA-P statement. A scoping review framework by Arksey and O’Malley will be adopted. In identifying relevant studies, the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A search strategy will be developed, and four major electronic databases will be searched: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Manual searches will also be conducted. The study selection process will adopt the 2009 PRISMA flow diagram. EndNote X8 will be used to manage citations, as well as for duplicates screening in addition to Microsoft Excel 2016. Two independent reviewers will assess potential studies in detail against inclusion criteria. A standardized data extraction form will be developed. Finally, critical appraisal will be conducted using a tool adapted from the Quality Appraisal Checklist by the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE). Discussion We believe this scoping review will provide a general foundation of evidence on the potential significance of PVCs concerning its diagnostic and prognostic value among the adult patient population. The findings will allow us to map out research gaps on this topic that could shape future research and ultimately clinical practice. Scoping review registration This scoping review has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GAVT2.

scholarly journals Non-Immersive Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of the Older People: A Systematic Review into Efficacy and Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevilacqua ◽  
Maranesi ◽  
Riccardi ◽  
Donna ◽  
Pelliccioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Older People ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

: Objective: the objective of this review is to analyze the advances in the field of rehabilitation through virtual reality, while taking into account non-immersive systems, as evidence have them shown to be highly accepted by older people, due to the lowest “cibersikness” symptomatology. Data sources: a systematic review of the literature was conducted in June 2019. The data were collected from Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases, analyzing manuscripts and articles of the last 10 years. Study selection: we only included randomized controlled trials written in English aimed to study the use of the virtual reality in rehabilitation. We selected 10 studies, which were characterized by clinical heterogeneity. Data extraction: quality evaluation was performed based on the Physioterapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, suggested for evidence based review of stroke rehabilitation. Of 10 studies considered, eight were randomized controlled trials and the PEDro score ranged from four to a maximum of nine. Data synthesis: VR (Virtual Reality) creates artificial environments with the possibility of a patient interaction. This kind of experience leads to the development of cognitive and motor abilities, which usually positively affect the emotional state of the patient, increasing collaboration and compliance. Some recent studies have suggested that rehabilitation treatment interventions might be useful and effective in treating motor and cognitive symptoms in different neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Conclusions: as it is shown by the numerous studies in the field, the application of VR has a positive impact on the rehabilitation of the most predominant geriatric syndromes. The level of realism of the virtual stimuli seems to have a crucial role in the training of cognitive abilities. Future research needs to improve study design by including larger samples, longitudinal designs, long term follow-ups, and different outcome measures, including functional and quality of life indexes, to better evaluate the clinical impact of this promising technology in healthy old subjects and in neurological patients.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on HIV status awareness among key and vulnerable populations in sub-Sahara Africa: a scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Avoka ◽  
Patience Adzordor ◽  
Vitalis Bawontuo ◽  
Diana A. Akila ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to be a major public health issue, especially in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Literature shows significant HIV status awareness, testing, and treatment have generally improved among the population since the inception of the UNAIDS 90:90:90 programme. Despite this, it is possible literature gaps exist that require future research to inform in-country programmes to improve the gains post-UNAIDS 90:90:90 programme. This study, therefore, aims to synthesize literature and describe the evidence on HIV status awareness among key and vulnerable populations in SSA focusing on the first UNAIDS 90 since it is essential for treatment initiation. Method This systematic scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and improved by Levac and colleagues. Literature searches will be conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Science Direct from 2016 to 2020. A snowball approach will also be used to search for relevant articles from the reference of all included studies. This study will include both published and grey literature, articles that include HIV key and vulnerable populations, HIV status awareness, and evidence from SSA countries. Two reviewers will independently conduct the abstract and full-text article screening as well as pilot the data extraction form. Thematic content analysis and a summary of the themes and sub-themes will be reported narratively. Discussions The evidence that will be provided by this study may be useful to inform in-country programmes to improve the gains made post-UNAIDS 90:90:90 programme from 2021 onwards. This study also anticipates identifying literature gaps to guide researchers interested in this field of study in the future. Peer review journals, policy briefs, and conference platforms will be used to disseminate this study’s findings.

scholarly journals Physical interventions for people with more advanced dementia – a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail J. Hall ◽  
Samantha Febrey ◽  
Victoria A. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Physical Outcomes

Abstract Background Dementia is a neuro-degenerative condition resulting in cognitive and physical decline over time. In the early stages of the condition, physical decline may be slow, but in the later stages, it may become more pronounced. Physical interventions may be employed to try and reduce the physical decline that people experience, yet it is unclear what interventions may be effective. The aim of this study was to explore the breadth and quantity of evidence that exists in relation to the delivery of physical interventions for people with advanced dementia. Methods We undertook a scoping review in order to map the current literature. All types of study design were included in the search in order to gain a comprehensive scope of the literature. We searched a variety of databases from inception until March 2021, focusing on physical interventions. Double screening and data extraction were employed in order to increase the reliability of the results. Results Our review found four studies which focused on physical interventions aimed at improving physical outcomes for people with more advanced dementia. The majority of studies were excluded as their interventions were not specific to people with advanced dementia. The studies that were included incorporated functional activities and, despite small sample sizes, suggested statistically significant improvements in outcomes for people with advanced dementia. Conclusion There is currently limited evidence relating to physical rehabilitation interventions for people with more advanced dementia, however, the evidence we presented suggests potential benefits for physical outcomes. Future research should focus on robust research to determine the most effective and cost-effective interventions that meet the needs of this population.

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