Effects of Aerobic Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training on the Mental Health of Adolescents Living in Poverty (Preprint)
BACKGROUND The increasing rate of mental health issues among adolescents has recently been a considerable concern in Hong Kong. In particular, adolescents with low socioeconomic status are likely to experience poor mental health including low self-esteem and high levels of anxiety, anger, and depression. Previous research has found that physical activities have a positive impact on improving mental health outcomes among adolescents. However, approximately 96% of adolescents in Hong Kong fail to engage in regular exercises, which potentially increase risk of poor mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) examine whether changes in the three indicators (reduced ill-being, enhanced well-being and cognitive functions) of mental health among adolescents with low socioeconomic status are evident before and after exercises. In addition, this study (2) compares the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training in these indicators among adolescents with low socioeconomic status. METHODS A total of 78 participants from low-income families who are aged between 12 and 15 from three to four secondary schools will be recruited for this study. They will be randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group (n = 26), a high-intensity interval training group (n = 26), or a control group (n = 26). Participants in the first two groups will take part in a 10-week training program period. Participants in the control group will participate in other physical activity during the same intervention period. The training sessions will be conducted thrice a week on non-consecutive days. A range of neuropsychological tests and psychometric scales will be used to measure the executive functions and indicators of psychological well-being and ill-being, which include enjoyment, self-efficacy, mood, depression, anxiety, and stress at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. RESULTS - CONCLUSIONS It is hoped that the findings will help inform policymakers and practitioners for promoting the importance of physical exercises to enhance mental health. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT050293888). Registered August 31, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05029388