A 3-Item Measure of Digital Healthcare Literacy: Development and Validation (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsay A. Nelson ◽  
Jacquelyn S. Pennings ◽  
Evan C. Sommer ◽  
Filoteia Popescu ◽  
Shari L. Barkin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Digital Healthcare

BACKGROUND With increased reliance on digital healthcare, including telehealth, efficient and effective ways are needed to assess patients’ comfort and confidence with utilizing these services. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to develop and validate a brief scale that assesses digital healthcare literacy. METHODS We first developed an item pool using the existing literature and expert review. We then administered the items to participants as part of a larger study. Participants were caregivers of children receiving care at a pediatric clinic who completed a survey either online or over the phone. We randomized participants into a development and confirmatory sample stratifying by language so that exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) could be performed with a separate sample of participants. We assessed the scale’s validity by examining its associations with participants’ demographics, digital access, and prior digital healthcare use. RESULTS Participants (N=507) were, on average, aged 33.7 (SD 7.7) years and 89% female. Approximately half (55%) preferred English as their primary language, 31% preferred Spanish, and 14% Arabic. Around half (45%) had a high school degree or less and 45% had an annual household income less than US $35,000. Using the EFA, three items were retained in a reduced score with excellent reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) and a high variance explained (78%). The reduced scale had excellent CFA fit with factor loadings between 0.82 and 0.94. All fit statistics exceeded the criteria for good fit between the proposed factor structure and the data. We refer to this scale as the Digital Healthcare Literacy Scale (DHLS). The scale was positively associated with education (ρ =0.139, p=.005) and income (ρ =0.379, p<.001). Arabic speakers had lower scores compared to English (p<.001) and Spanish speakers (p=.015), and Spanish speakers had lower scores relative to English speakers (p<.001). Participants who did not own a smartphone (p=0.13) or laptop (p<.001) had lower scores than those who did own these devices. Finally, participants who had not used digital tools, including health apps (p<.001) and video telehealth (p<.001), had lower scores than those who had. CONCLUSIONS Despite the potential for digital healthcare to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes, many individuals may not have the skills to engage with and benefit from it. Moreover, these individuals may be those who already experience worse outcomes. A screening tool like DHLS could be a useful resource to identify patients who require additional assistance to use digital health services and help ensure health equity. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Development and validation of the State Moral Elevation Scale: Assessing state-level elevation across nonclinical and clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P McGuire ◽  
Candice Hayden ◽  
Rawda Tomoum ◽  
A Solomon Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Factor ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
Moral Elevation

Research on moral elevation has steadily increased and identified several psychosocial benefits that bear relevance to both the general population and people with psychological distress. However, elevation measurement is inconsistent, and few state-level measures have been created and critically evaluated to date. To address this gap, the State Moral Elevation Scale (SMES) was developed and tested using an online sample (N = 930) including subsamples of general participants (nonclinical) and those who screened positive for mental health symptoms (clinical). Factor analysis indicated a single factor structure with nine items that demonstrated excellent reliability. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit statistics and strict measurement invariance across clinical and nonclinical subsamples. Last, correlational analyses with related constructs provided evidence of construct validity for both subsamples. Thus, the SMES is a psychometrically valid and reliable assessment tool for state-level elevation which can be used in both general and clinical populations.

Computational Thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Harold Thimbleby
Keyword(s):  
Full Advantage ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Digital Healthcare

There’s a lot more to digital health than being excited about digital computing. We need to learn how to think computationally to take full advantage of digital. Computational Thinking is the mature way to think about computing — and digital healthcare.

scholarly journals Validation of a Questionnaire Developed to Evaluate a Pediatric eHealth Website for Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno José Nievas Soriano ◽  
Sonia García Duarte ◽  
Ana María Fernández Alonso ◽  
Antonio Bonillo Perales ◽  
Tesifón Parrón Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

There is a need for health professionals to provide parents with not only evidence-based child health websites but also instruments to evaluate them. The main aim of this research was to develop a questionnaire for measuring users’ evaluation of the usability, utility, confidence, the well-child section, and the accessibility of a Spanish pediatric eHealth website for parents. We further sought to evaluate the content validity and psychometric reliability of the instrument. A content validation study by expert review was performed, and the questionnaire was pilot tested. Psychometric analyses were used to establish scales through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability studies were performed using Cronbach’s alpha and two split-half methods. The content validation of the questionnaire by experts was considered as excellent. The pilot web survey was completed by 516 participants. The exploratory factor analysis excluded 27 of the 41 qualitative initial items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the resultant 14-item questionnaire confirmed the five initial domains detected in the exploratory confirmatory analysis. The goodness of fit for the competing models was established through fit indices and confirmed the previously established domains. Adequate internal consistency was found for each of the subscales as well as the overall scale.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Cotrena ◽  
Laura Damiani Branco ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Abstract Introduction: Decision making (DM) is among the most important abilities for everyday functioning. However, the most widely used measures of DM come from behavioral paradigms, whose ecological validity and standalone use has been criticized in the literature. Though these issues could be addressed by the use of DM questionnaires as a complementary assessment method, no such instruments have been validated for use in Brazilian Portuguese. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct the translation and validation of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) for use in a Brazilian population. Methods: The adaptation of the MDMQ involved the following steps: translation, back-translation, expert review and pilot study. These steps were followed by factor analysis and internal consistency measurements, which led to the exclusion of 4 items from the scale. The 18-item version of the MDMQ was then administered to a validation sample consisting of healthy adults, as well as patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Results: The instrument displayed good internal consistency, with the hypervigilance subscale showing the lowest, though still acceptable, Cronbach's alpha value. Its factor structure was comparable to that of the original MDMQ according to confirmatory factor analysis. Nevertheless, the MDMQ was sensitive to both depression severity and the presence of MDD and BD, both of which are known to have an impact on DM ability. Conclusion: The version of the MDMQ produced in the present study may be an important addition to neuropsychological assessment batteries with a focus on DM and related abilities

scholarly journals Creating and Validating the DESEA Questionnaire for Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2301
Author(s):  
Francisco Cabello-Santamaría ◽  
Marina A. Cabello-García ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
F. Javier del Río
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Group A

In clinical practice, it is essential to be able to identify hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), with its different severity levels and assess the influence the subject’s relationship has on the issue. In order to do this, questionnaires are needed that comprise appropriate psychometric properties. We analyzed the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Sexual Desire and Aversion (DESEA) questionnaire that evaluates sexual desire and interpersonal stress (relationship problems) in male and female couples. A pilot study was conducted with a group of 1583 people. Finally, it included 20,424 Spanish speakers who answered the questionnaire via an online link. The requirements for factor analysis were verified followed by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient calculated the reliability of the test scores at 0.834 in the pilot group and 0.889 in the final group. A 3-factor factorial design explains the 62.08% variance. The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test (p = 0.904), Bartlett’s test of sphericity (126,115.3; p = 0.000010) and the matrix determinant (0.0020770) verified the appropriateness of the factor analysis. The results show that the DESEA questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating desire and interpersonal stress, both in women and men, in clinical and research contexts.

Development and Testing of the Collaboration in the Clinical Learning Environment Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-369
Author(s):  
Katie Hooven
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Tool Development ◽  
Clinical Learning ◽  
Clinical Learning Environment ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Expert Review

Background and Purpose: This study was done to develop and psychometrically test the Collaboration in the Clinical Learning Environment (CCLE) tool. The researcher acknowledged 2 distinct populations that required input into this particular tool development: staff nurses and nursing faculty members. Both have influence into student learning. Methods: Research followed the 8-step methodology for tool development as defined by DeVellis. Results: Reliability testing was done on the 24-item CCLE, which confirmed a Cronbach’s alpha of .96. Exploratory factor analysis with principal component factor analysis was done to examine the structure of the instrument. Validity was supported through the content expert review, along with concurrent validity. Conclusions: Although collaboration has been emphasized for many years in the clinical learning environment, the construct has never been successfully operationalized. Implications for nursing education, practice, and theory are discussed.

scholarly journals A scale development study on measuring science teachers' autonomy on curriculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Okan Yolcu ◽  
Ruken AKAR VURAL
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Pilot Implementation

The purpose of this study is to develop a Teachers' Autonomy on Curriculum Scale. For this aim, an item pool consisted of 50-item was prepared for the study. These scale items were reduced to 29 items after expert review and pilot implementation. This preliminary form was applied to 178 science teachers working in secondary schools in Izmir, Turkey. Validity and reliability studies have been done and Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .82. The scale is four-dimensional and reveals 67.4% of the total variance. The scale has four sub-scales (Professional Autonomy, Process Autonomy, Assessment Autonomy, and Planning Autonomy). Confirmatory factor analysis results support that the scale consisted of four subscales (RMSEA= .05, CFI= .98, AGFI= .89, RMR= .05, GFI= .93, SRMR= .06).

scholarly journals Security, Privacy, and Reliability in Digital Healthcare Systems Using Blockchain

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Aitizaz Ali ◽  
Hasliza A. Rahim ◽  
Muhammad Fermi Pasha ◽  
Rafael Dowsley ◽  
Mehedi Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Security Algorithm ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Digital Healthcare ◽  
Centralized System

According to the security breach level index, millions of records are stolen worldwide on every single day. Personal health records are the most targeted records on the internet, and they are considered sensitive, and valuable. Security and privacy are the most important parameters of cryptography and encryption. They reduce the availability of data on patients and healthcare to the appropriate personnel and ultimately lead to a barrier in the transfer of healthcare into a digital health system. Using a permission blockchain to share healthcare data can reduce security and privacy issues. According to the literature, most healthcare systems rely on a centralized system, which is more prone to security vulnerabilities. The existing blockchain-based healthcare schemes provide only a data-sharing framework, but they lack security and privacy. To cope with these kinds of security issues, we have designed a novel security algorithm that provides security as well as privacy with much better efficiency and a lower cost. Hence, in this research, we have proposed a patient healthcare framework that provides greater security, reliability, and authentication compared to existing blockchain-based access control.

Development and Validation of the Strategy Inventory for Electronic Dictionary Use (S.I.E.D.U.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Mavrommatidou ◽  
Zoe Gavriilidou ◽  
Angelos Markos
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Content Development ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
Electronic Environments ◽  
Dictionary Use ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract The present paper reports results regarding the development and validation of the S.I.E.D.U., an electronic instrument for assessing users’ skills in electronic dictionary searches. The S.I.Ε.D.U. is a self-report questionnaire with 32 Likert-type items and its content development was based on a review of relevant literature, expert review and pilot testing. The scale’s construct validity is assessed by means of a preliminary exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results suggest a correlated four-factor structure: 1) familiarity with different types of electronic dictionaries and the conditions of their use; 2) strategies for lemmatization and acquaintance with dictionary conventions; 3) navigation skills; and 4) look-up strategies in new electronic environments. Internal consistency reliability of the four subscales is high and test-retest reliability is excellent. Also, the ability of the instrument to discriminate between experts and non-experts in electronic dictionary use is demonstrated. Results are discussed and implications are provided in the context of electronic lexicography.

Development of a Perceptions of Online Learning Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Noah Padgett ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Laura Shero ◽  
Todd Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Psychological Foundation

The sudden switch to online learning brought an unintended spotlight to the gradually expanding educational innovation of online instruction. Online learning has generally been stigmatized as less effective than traditional face-to-face learning. The learning of students tends to be influenced by teachers’ individual differences and perceptions of online learning. In this study, we describe the development of a new perceptions of online learning scale (POOLS). The POOLS seeks to measure perceptions of online learning across four theoretical constructs associated with quality education in both online and traditional face-to-face formats. Existing measures to assess perceptions of or readiness for online learning are learner-focused and could not reflect the psychological foundation of the teacher population. The POOLS was constructed using expert review and a sample of 654 adults responded to the survey. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on split halves of these data. The results of this initial validation study provide the basis for using the POOLS as an approach to measuring four aspects of perceptions of online learning: Effective Learning (ω^2 = 0.75), Student-Centered Learning (ω^2 = 0.69), Interactive Learning (ω^2 = 0.72), and Engaged Learning (ω^2 = 0.68). We recommend that the POOLS be used at an aggregate level to describe the general relationship between these factors and other characteristics such as self-efficacy, amount or type of experience with online learning, and personality traits.

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