scholarly journals Evaluating the Validity of Current Mainstream Wearable Devices in Fitness Tracking Under Various Physical Activities: Comparative Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqing Xie ◽  
Dong Wen ◽  
Lizhong Liang ◽  
Yuxi Jia ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Activity State ◽  
Fitness Trackers

BACKGROUND Wearable devices have attracted much attention from the market in recent years for their fitness monitoring and other health-related metrics; however, the accuracy of fitness tracking results still plays a major role in health promotion. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a host of latest wearable devices in measuring fitness-related indicators under various seminatural activities. METHODS A total of 44 healthy subjects were recruited, and each subject was asked to simultaneously wear 6 devices (Apple Watch 2, Samsung Gear S3, Jawbone Up3, Fitbit Surge, Huawei Talk Band B3, and Xiaomi Mi Band 2) and 2 smartphone apps (Dongdong and Ledongli) to measure five major health indicators (heart rate, number of steps, distance, energy consumption, and sleep duration) under various activity states (resting, walking, running, cycling, and sleeping), which were then compared with the gold standard (manual measurements of the heart rate, number of steps, distance, and sleep, and energy consumption through oxygen consumption) and calculated to determine their respective mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs). RESULTS Wearable devices had a rather high measurement accuracy with respect to heart rate, number of steps, distance, and sleep duration, with a MAPE of approximately 0.10, whereas poor measurement accuracy was observed for energy consumption (calories), indicated by a MAPE of up to 0.44. The measurements varied for the same indicator measured by different fitness trackers. The variation in measurement of the number of steps was the highest (Apple Watch 2: 0.42; Dongdong: 0.01), whereas it was the lowest for heart rate (Samsung Gear S3: 0.34; Xiaomi Mi Band 2: 0.12). Measurements differed insignificantly for the same indicator measured under different states of activity; the MAPE of distance and energy measurements were in the range of 0.08 to 0.17 and 0.41 to 0.48, respectively. Overall, the Samsung Gear S3 performed the best for the measurement of heart rate under the resting state (MAPE of 0.04), whereas Dongdong performed the best for the measurement of the number of steps under the walking state (MAPE of 0.01). Fitbit Surge performed the best for distance measurement under the cycling state (MAPE of 0.04), and Huawei Talk Band B3 performed the best for energy consumption measurement under the walking state (MAPE of 0.17). CONCLUSIONS At present, mainstream devices are able to reliably measure heart rate, number of steps, distance, and sleep duration, which can be used as effective health evaluation indicators, but the measurement accuracy of energy consumption is still inadequate. Fitness trackers of different brands vary with regard to measurement of indicators and are all affected by the activity state, which indicates that manufacturers of fitness trackers need to improve their algorithms for different activity states.

Forecasting New Features and Market Adoption of Wearable Devices Using TRIZ and Growth Curves: Case of Fitness Tracking Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmini Sengupta ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Seong Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Bass Model ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Fitness Trackers ◽  
Technology Growth ◽  
Technology Trends

This paper describes the application of a combination of TRIZ and Bass modeling to forecast the technology growth projections for one of the wearable devices, fitness trackers. For the TRIZ modeling, the fitness tracking system was divided into three subsystems and each was analyzed as per the technology trends from current literature. The subsystems’ combined assessment was then visualized via a radar plot. The analysis showed the technology to be in an emergent state with primary growth in the hardware and software subsystem areas. The Bass model showed the market peaking at eight and saturating in 15 years.

scholarly journals Perceived user preferences and usability evaluation of mainstream wearable devices for health monitoring

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Jia ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Dong Wen ◽  
Lizhong Liang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Heart Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Fitness Trackers

Background There are many problems with fitness trackers, such as device usability, which limit their large-scale application, and relevant studies are limited in terms of their sample size and evaluation methods. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the perceived usability of various mainstream fitness trackers on the market, and to learn about user feedback on feature preferences for each device. Methods Trial use of seven mainstream fitness trackers (two smart watches and five smart wristbands) followed by a survey study were applied. The questionnaire was specifically developed for this study, which included two parts (user preferences and device usability in five dimensions). We recruited users to test the devices for at least 30 days and asked experienced users to provide feedback in order to evaluate each device, including the rating and user preference of each device. Results We received 388 valid questionnaires, in which users rated their responses on a five-point Likert scale. (1) User preference: the average user satisfaction was 3.50–3.86 (points), and the rating for willingness to buy averaged between 3.36 and 3.59. More users were willing to wear (58.3–81.3%) and purchase (56.8–83.0%) the devices than were not. The top three general feature preferences were daily activity tracking, heart health monitoring, and professional fitness tracking. The top three health-related feature preferences were heart rate monitoring, daily pedometer, and professional fitness tracking. (2) Usability evaluation: product design was rated from 3.57 to 4.00; durability, 3.63–4.26; ease of use, 3.70–3.90; added features, 3.30–3.83; and user-rated accuracy, 3.44–3.78. A significant difference was observed in the rating of product design and durability among the different devices (p < 0.05) score. Conclusions Users generally had positive subjective intent regarding fitness trackers but were less satisfied with their cost effectiveness. The users preferred health related features such as heart health monitoring, and professional fitness tracking. The rating of most of the current mainstream fitness trackers was fair with some significant differences among the devices. Thus, further improvement is needed.

Measure Energy Consumption Combined Heart Rate and Acceleration

2013 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 597-601
Author(s):  
Zhang Yong Li ◽  
Xiao Bo Chen ◽  
Rui Leng ◽  
Fei Ba Chang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Heart Rate Acceleration ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Rate Acceleration ◽  
Combine Movement

This paper put forward a new kind of motion energy expenditure calculation model that combine movement heart rate, acceleration, height, gender, age, weight and other personalized parameters. In this model, using heart rate and personalized parameters to calculate the based energy consumption (BEE). Using acceleration and personalized parameters to calculate the movement work (EEact). The experimental results show that this method has a high accuracy in movement energy expenditure. So using this method can eliminate the contradiction between measurement accuracy and measuring cost.

Measurement latency significantly contributes to reduced heart rate measurement accuracy in wearable devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Morten Pallisgaard Støve ◽  
Rasmus Steengaard Holm ◽  
Anne Sofie Kjaersgaard ◽  
Kristian Duncker ◽  
Mie Ravn Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Heart Rate Measurement

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Emily Colwell ◽  
Jonathan Low ◽  
Kassia Orychock ◽  
Melissa Ann Tobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Wearable Activity Trackers ◽  
Fitness And Health

BACKGROUND Consumer-wearable activity trackers are small electronic devices that record fitness and health-related measures. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the validity and reliability of commercial wearables in measuring step count, heart rate, and energy expenditure. METHODS We identified devices to be included in the review. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, and only articles published in the English language up to May 2019 were considered. Studies were excluded if they did not identify the device used and if they did not examine the validity or reliability of the device. Studies involving the general population and all special populations were included. We operationalized validity as criterion validity (as compared with other measures) and construct validity (degree to which the device is measuring what it claims). Reliability measures focused on intradevice and interdevice reliability. RESULTS We included 158 publications examining nine different commercial wearable device brands. Fitbit was by far the most studied brand. In laboratory-based settings, Fitbit, Apple Watch, and Samsung appeared to measure steps accurately. Heart rate measurement was more variable, with Apple Watch and Garmin being the most accurate and Fitbit tending toward underestimation. For energy expenditure, no brand was accurate. We also examined validity between devices within a specific brand. CONCLUSIONS Commercial wearable devices are accurate for measuring steps and heart rate in laboratory-based settings, but this varies by the manufacturer and device type. Devices are constantly being upgraded and redesigned to new models, suggesting the need for more current reviews and research.

scholarly journals Physiologic Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine Measured Using Wearable Devices (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander George Hajduczok ◽  
Kara Marie DiJoseph ◽  
Brinnae Bent ◽  
Audrey K Thorp ◽  
Jon B Mullholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Physiologic Response ◽  
Immune Biomarkers

BACKGROUND The Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine employs a novel technology which utilizes messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) to deliver viral proteins to the host and elicit a protective immune response, but the short-term physiologic response to the vaccine has yet to be studied using wearable devices. OBJECTIVE Using wearable devices, we aim to characterize physiologic changes in response to COVID-19 vaccination in a small cohort of subjects. METHODS In this prospective observational study, physiologic data from 19 internal medicine residents at a single institution who received both doses of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine were collected using the WHOOP strap 3.0 to determine participant baseline resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and sleep duration. Primary outcomes included change from baseline in HRV, RHR, RR, and sleep duration. Percent change and standard deviation from baseline (defined as the 30 days of wear prior to vaccination) were calculated for six days after the first and second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 for all participants who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Symptom type, severity, and duration were reported as secondary outcomes. RESULTS In 19 individuals, mean age 28.8 (+/- 2.2), 53% female, percent change in HRV was decreased on day 1 (-13.44% +/- 13.62%) following administration of the first vaccine dose, and this response was blunted following dose 2 (-9.25% +/- 22.6%). RHR had a slight initial increase (+2.73% +/- 5.50%, +4.20% +/- 9.42%) after each dose and normalized after one day and RR showed no change compared to baseline after either vaccine dose. Sleep duration was increased up to 6 days post vaccine and peaked on day 3. Increased sleep duration prior to vaccine also demonstrated a more significant change in HRV compared to those who were sleep deprived (as determined by Pearson correlations). A more robust response in terms of symptom severity and duration was seen following dose 2. Arm soreness was the most reported symptom for both doses. CONCLUSIONS This represents the first observational study of the physiologic response in humans to any of the novel COVID-19 vaccines, as measured using wearable devices. We provide evidence that HRV decreases in response to both vaccine doses, with no consequent changes in RHR or RR. Sleep duration initially decreased following each dose and subsequently increased thereafter. Future studies with a larger cohort and comparison to other inflammatory and immune biomarkers, such as antibody response, will be needed to determine the true utility of this type of continuous wearable monitoring in regards to vaccine responses. Our data raises the possibility that increased sleep prior to vaccination may impact physiologic response, which could be used to track immune response to vaccination. CLINICALTRIAL NCT04304703: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04304703

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review

10.2196/18694 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e18694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Emily Colwell ◽  
Jonathan Low ◽  
Kassia Orychock ◽  
Melissa Ann Tobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Wearable Activity Trackers ◽  
Fitness And Health

Background Consumer-wearable activity trackers are small electronic devices that record fitness and health-related measures. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the validity and reliability of commercial wearables in measuring step count, heart rate, and energy expenditure. Methods We identified devices to be included in the review. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, and only articles published in the English language up to May 2019 were considered. Studies were excluded if they did not identify the device used and if they did not examine the validity or reliability of the device. Studies involving the general population and all special populations were included. We operationalized validity as criterion validity (as compared with other measures) and construct validity (degree to which the device is measuring what it claims). Reliability measures focused on intradevice and interdevice reliability. Results We included 158 publications examining nine different commercial wearable device brands. Fitbit was by far the most studied brand. In laboratory-based settings, Fitbit, Apple Watch, and Samsung appeared to measure steps accurately. Heart rate measurement was more variable, with Apple Watch and Garmin being the most accurate and Fitbit tending toward underestimation. For energy expenditure, no brand was accurate. We also examined validity between devices within a specific brand. Conclusions Commercial wearable devices are accurate for measuring steps and heart rate in laboratory-based settings, but this varies by the manufacturer and device type. Devices are constantly being upgraded and redesigned to new models, suggesting the need for more current reviews and research.

scholarly journals Development of a Low Cost Heart Rate Monitoring and Transmission System using PPG Signal Processing for Wearable Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4070-4077
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Estimation ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Rate Sensor ◽  
Tracking Devices

Photoplethysmography (PPG) technique is used in most of the fitness tracking devices available now-a-days, due to its low cost and simplicity. These PPG signals are obtained from the variations in the blood flow with the help of pulse rate sensor. In this paper, PPG signal is acquired from two PPG sensors worn in the finger and the wrist to get the heart rate and its various parameters. The signal noise is removed with the help of MATLAB with various filters to get the smooth signal. The peak detection is done for heart rate (HR) and peak interval calculation, the spectral estimation is done, the first and second derivatives and the heart rate variability are obtained. The low cost Arduino nano and the Bluetooth module is used for the development and the transmission of HR value from the wearable device through an application developed for it, as well as the values are transmitted remotely with the help of the Global System for Communication (GSM) built in the mobile phone, which can display the value and can also transmit it to any particular person or remote physician who can monitor the person’s HR remotely. The complete system developed provides a low cost solution for heart rate detection and monitoring of a person from a distance.

scholarly journals The Role of Health-related Behaviors in Gestational Weight Gain among Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Daiane Sofia Morais Paulino ◽  
Maira Pinho-Pompeu ◽  
Fernanda Raikov ◽  
Juliana Vasconcellos Freitas-Jesus ◽  
Helymar Costa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of health-related behaviors including food intake, physical activity, sleep time, smoking habits, stress, depression, and optimism on excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) among women with overweight and obesity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Women's Hospital of the Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 386 mediate postpartum women that fit the inclusion criteria of ≥ 19 years old, first prenatal care visit at or before 14 weeks, and single live baby. Dietary habits, physical exercise practice, sleep duration, smoking and alcohol habits were self-reported. Psychosocial history was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Sociodemographic, obstetric, anthropometric, and neonatal data were retrieved from medical records. Descriptive statistics and stepwise logistic regression were performed. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.27% and 24.61%, respectively, according to the body mass index (BMI). Excessive GWG was observed in 47.79% of women with overweight and in 45.26% of women with obesity. Excessive GWG among overweight and obese women was associated with inadequate vegetable and bean consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–6.46 and OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.01–3.63, respectively) and stress (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.01–2.64). After adjustment by maternal age, multiparity, sleep duration, smoking, and alcohol intake, we found that stress (PSS ≥ 20) was associated with excessive GWG in women with overweight or obesity (OR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.03–2.96). Conclusion Among women with overweight and obesity, stress is the main variable associated with excessive GWG. Inadequate vegetables and beans consumption also showed association with excessive GWG.

scholarly journals Wearable Technologies in Field Hockey Competitions: A Scoping Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5242
Author(s):  
Jolene Ziyuan Lim ◽  
Alexiaa Sim ◽  
Pui Wah Kong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The aim of this review is to investigate the common wearable devices currently used in field hockey competitions, and to understand the hockey-specific parameters these devices measure. A systematic search was conducted by using three electronic databases and search terms that included field hockey, wearables, accelerometers, inertial sensors, global positioning system (GPS), heart rate monitors, load, performance analysis, player activity profiles, and competitions from the earliest record. The review included 39 studies that used wearable devices during competitions. GPS units were found to be the most common wearable in elite field hockey competitions, followed by heart rate monitors. Wearables in field hockey are mostly used to measure player activity profiles and physiological demands. Inconsistencies in sampling rates and performance bands make comparisons between studies challenging. Nonetheless, this review demonstrated that wearable devices are being used for various applications in field hockey. Researchers, engineers, coaches, and sport scientists can consider using GPS units of higher sampling rates, as well as including additional variables such as skin temperatures and injury associations, to provide a more thorough evaluation of players’ physical and physiological performances. Future work should include goalkeepers and non-elite players who are less studied in the current literature.

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