Optimization of Process Parameters for the Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Aqueous Solutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Kansal ◽  
Manohar Singh ◽  
Dhiraj Sud
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Optimal Values

In the present study, the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DCP has been investigated in a batch reactor under UV light in slurry mode using titania P-25 (surface area 50 m2/g) as a photocatalyst and sodium hypochlorite as an oxidant. Variables studied include catalyst dose, pH and oxidant concentration. The rate of degradation was studied in terms of changes in concentration of the pollutant and reduction in chemical oxygen demand. The optimal values of operational parameters leading to 2,4-DCP abatement were obtained by using response surface methodology.

scholarly journals TiO2 BEADS FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF HUMIC ACID IN PEAT WATER

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winarti Andayani ◽  
Agustin N M Bagyo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Degradation of humic acid in aqueous solution containing TiO2 coated on ceramics beads under irradiation of 254 nm UV light has been conducted in batch reactor. The aim of this experiment was to study photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in peat water. The irradiation of the humic acid in aqueous solution was conducted in various conditions i.e solely uv, in the presence of TiO2-slurry and TiO2 beads. The color intensity, humic acid residue, conductivity and COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the solution were analyzed before and after irradiation.  The compounds produced during photodegradation were identified using HPLC. The results showed that after photocatalytic degradation, the color intensity and the COD value of the solution decreased, while the conductivity of water increased indicating mineralization of the peat water occurred. In addition, oxalic acid as the product of degradation was observed.

scholarly journals Effect of operational parameters and kinetic study on the photocatalytic degradation of m-cresol purple using irradiated ZnO in aqueous medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Khezrianjoo ◽  
Hosakere Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Linear Transform

A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of m-cresol purple (mCP) dye has been carried out in aqueous heterogeneous medium containing zinc oxide (ZnO) as the photocatalyst in a batch reactor. The effects of some parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, initial pH of solution, ethanol concentration and temperature were examined. The most efficient pH in removal of the dye with photocatalytic degradation and dark surface adsorption processes was observed to be 8. The adsorption constant calculated from the linear transform of the Langmuir isotherm model was similar to that obtained in photocatalytic degradation at pH = 8; hence, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was found to be accurate for photocatalytic degradation at this pH. Dark surface adsorption and degradation efficiency were increased by enhancement in the temperature at the optimum pH of 8 and the apparent activation energy (Ea) for the photocatalytic degradation of mCP was determined as 14.09 kJ/mol at this pH. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude (EEO) for photocatalytic degradation of mCP was also determined.

A precise experimental study of various affecting operational parameters in electrocoagulation–flotation process of high-load compost leachate in a batch reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Amani ◽  
K. Veysi ◽  
S. Elyasi ◽  
W. Dastyar
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
High Load ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Compost Leachate ◽  
Maximum Removal

The present study treated compost leachate, a high load organic and inorganic wastewater, using a batch electrocoagulation–flotation (ECF) process. ECF is an effective, fast, reliable, feasible, and economic technique for wastewater treatment. The interactive effects of operational factors such as influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), voltage, electrolysis time (ET), and electrodes distance (ED) on the efficiency of COD and total suspended solid (TSS) removal for various electrodes configurations (Al–Al, Al–Fe, Fe–Al, Fe–Fe) were analyzed and correlated. Al–Al was found to be the best configuration based on maximum removal of COD and TSS. Ultimately, analysis of associated results indicated that the best arrangement (Al–Al) possessed the following optimal factors: influent COD = 12,627 mg/L, voltage = 19 V, ET = 75 min, and ED = 3 cm for maximum removal of COD (96%) and TSS (99%). Confirmation tests indicated a 95% confidence interval for good agreement of the experimental results and predicted values from fitted correlations. Analysis of outcomes demonstrated that COD concentration was the most effective variable for COD and TSS removal, and, in addition, an increase in ET and a decrease in ED had positive effects. Total corrosion on the Al and Fe plates was 34.8 and 146.6 g, respectively.

scholarly journals UV Light-Irradiated Photocatalytic Degradation of Coffee Processing Wastewater Using TiO2 as a Catalyst

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurudev Sujatha ◽  
Subramaniam Shanthakumar ◽  
Fulvia Chiampo
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Experimental Runs

The coffee industry generates a significant amount of wastewater that is rich in organic loads and is highly acidic. The present study investigates the potential of the heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation process to reduce the pollutant load in coffee processing wastewater. The experimental runs were conducted to evaluate the effect of operative parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, intensity of UV light irradiation, and addition of oxidant on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and colour reduction. Significant results for COD and colour removal, 67%, and 70% respectively, were achieved at a pH of 4 with titanium dioxide (TiO2), and a catalyst dosage of 500 mg/L, using four ultraviolet-C (UV-C) lamps of 16 W each. With the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant, the removal efficiency increased to 84% and 75% for COD and colour, respectively. Finally, the best results obtained by photocatalytic degradation using UV light were compared to those using solar light. Based on the investigation, it was inferred that the pollutant removal efficiency in coffee pulping wastewater was also considerably high under sunlight. These findings may have relevance in terms of application in countries where coffee processing is carried out and where sunlight irradiance is usually strong: the technique could be exploited to decrease the pollutant content of this wastewater sustainably.

Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid in soil: application of response surface methodology for the optimization of parameters

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 25059-25065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teena Sharma ◽  
Amrit Pal Toor ◽  
Anita Rajor
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Optimization Of Parameters ◽  
Soil Application

The photocatalytic mineralization of imidacloprid (IMI) in soil to inorganic ions and the formation of various intermediates using TiO2 as the photocatalyst have been investigated under UV light.

ZnO Photocatalysis Using Solar Energy for the Removal of Trace Amounts of Alfa-Methylstyrene, Diquat and Indigo Carmine from Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Shibin ◽  
B. Rajeev ◽  
V. Veena ◽  
E. P. Yesodharan ◽  
Yesodharan Suguna
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solar Photocatalyst ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Trace Pollutants

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysis using ZnO has been extensively investigated for the chemical and bacterial decontamination of water and air. In most of these cases, UV light is the source of energy and visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of trace pollutants in water has not received adequate attention. In the present study, ZnO is evaluated as a solar photocatalyst for the removal of trace amounts of three typical pollutants, i.e. alpha- Methylstyrene (AMS, a petrochemical), Diquat (herbicide) and Indigo carmine (IC, a dye) from water. Degradation by itself does not result in complete mineralisation and decontamination as seen from the significant Chemical Oxygen Demand even after the parent compound has disappeared. However, the intermediates also get mineralized eventually. The study indicates that solar photocatalysis can be used as a viable tool for the purification water contaminated with these chemicals. The degradation follows variable kinetics depending on the concentration of the substrates. H

Improving the simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand and terephthalic acid in a cross-flow aerobic sludge reactor by using response surface methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830
Author(s):  
Dong-Xue Hu ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Zhao-Bo Chen ◽  
Hui Ge ◽  
Yu-Bo Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Aerobic Sludge

Central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were implemented to optimize the operational parameters for a cross-flow aerobic sludge reactor (CFASR) in remedying mixed printing and dyeing wastewater (MPDW). The individual and interactive effects of three variables, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH and sludge loading rate (SLR), on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and terephthalic acid (TA) removal rates were evaluated. For HRT of 15.3–19.8 hours, pH of 7.2–8.1 and SLR of 0.4–0.6 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) per kg mixed liquor suspended solids per day, COD and TA removal rates of the CFASR exceeded 85% and 90%, respectively. The check experiment revealed that the effluent from the optimized CFASR was stable below the limitation of 100 mg COD/L and the TA concentration decreased by 6.0% compared to the usual CFASR. The results verified that the RSM was useful for optimizing the operation parameters of the CFASR in remedying MPDW.

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation of Different Biomass to Fuel: Optimization of Process Parameters by Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8931-8945
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Fuel Optimization ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Liquid Yield

In the present study, the yield of different pyrolysis products was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Here, User Defined Model and quadratic programming (QP) have been used to model and optimize the influence of two process parameters like reaction temperature and type of biomasses on the five responses such as oil yield, liquid yield, char yield, gas yield and reaction time using the experimental data obtained from the fast pyrolysis in a semi-batch reactor system. Mathematical model equations are derived for all the responses by using sets of experimental data and analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA analysis showed that the model was very significant for all the responses. From the residual vs. predicted plots, the value of the coefficient of correlation (R2) is found to be a good agreement with the experimental ones. From the optimization study, the liquid, oil, char, and gas yield at the optimum temperature (584C) of seed biomass are found to be 81.34%, 70.12%, 9.8%, and 9.64% respectively.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Gadolinium Oxide-Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanocomposites and Their Optimization for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Response Surface Methodology

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Su-Gyeong Jeon ◽  
Jeong-Won Ko ◽  
Weon-Bae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Gadolinium Oxide ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

An ultrasound-assisted method was used to prepare gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3)-zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 nanocomposites. The surface morphology, particle size, and properties of the Gd2O3-ZIF-8 nanocomposites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The synthesized Gd2O3-ZIF-8 nanocomposites were used as a catalyst to degrade methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation at 254 nm. The color of the aqueous MO dye solution during photocatalytic degradation was examined using color spectroscopy. Response surface methodology (RSM) using a four-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to design the experiments and optimize the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The significance of the experimental factors and their interactions were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The efficiency of Gd2O3-ZIF-8 nanocomposites for the photocatalytic degradation of MO reached 98.05% within 40 min under UV irradiation at 254 nm under the experimental conditions of pH 3.3, 0.4 g/L catalyst dose, 0.0630 mM MO concentration, and 431.79 mg/L H2O2 concentration. The kinetics study showed that the MO photocatalytic degradation followed a pseudo-first-order reaction rate law.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Diazinon in Aqueous Solutions Using Immobilized MgO Nanoparticles on Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Ahmadifard ◽  
Rouhollah Heydari ◽  
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi ◽  
Ghodratollah Shams Khorramabadi
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles

Abstract Photocatalytic degradation of diazinon in the aqueous solution using UV light and MgO nanoparticle (NPs) immobilized on the concrete was investigated. Prepared catalyst was characterized using TEM, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The results showed that the average particle size of immobilized MgO NPs was 38.3 nm and NPs appropriately was coated on the concrete surface. The performance of degradation and mineralization of diazinon was evaluated by HPLC and TOC techniques, respectively. The effect of operational parameters including pH value, initial pesticide concentration, and contact time were studied on the removal and mineralization of diazinon by a photocatalytic process. The results showed that the MgO NPs and UV light had little effect in removing pesticide when used individually. On the other hand, diazinon can be effectively degraded by immobilized MgO NPs in the presence of UV light. Degradation products of diazinon using the proposed photocatalytic technique were identified by the GC-MS analysis. The maximum diazinon removal (99.46 %) was obtained under the conditions; pH 7, diazinon concentration of 5 mg/L, and contact time of 120 minutes. Also, the lowest energy consumption conditions were as follow; pH 7, diazinon concentration of 5 mg/L, and contact time of 30 minutes.

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