scholarly journals Effect of operational parameters and kinetic study on the photocatalytic degradation of m-cresol purple using irradiated ZnO in aqueous medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Khezrianjoo ◽  
Hosakere Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Linear Transform

A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of m-cresol purple (mCP) dye has been carried out in aqueous heterogeneous medium containing zinc oxide (ZnO) as the photocatalyst in a batch reactor. The effects of some parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, initial pH of solution, ethanol concentration and temperature were examined. The most efficient pH in removal of the dye with photocatalytic degradation and dark surface adsorption processes was observed to be 8. The adsorption constant calculated from the linear transform of the Langmuir isotherm model was similar to that obtained in photocatalytic degradation at pH = 8; hence, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was found to be accurate for photocatalytic degradation at this pH. Dark surface adsorption and degradation efficiency were increased by enhancement in the temperature at the optimum pH of 8 and the apparent activation energy (Ea) for the photocatalytic degradation of mCP was determined as 14.09 kJ/mol at this pH. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude (EEO) for photocatalytic degradation of mCP was also determined.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Yellow 36 Using Zinc Oxide Photocatalyst in Aqueous Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Khezrianjoo ◽  
Hosakere Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Heterogeneous Medium ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of Acid Yellow 36 (AY36) has been carried out in aqueous heterogeneous medium containing ZnO as photocatalyst in a batch reactor. The effects of some parameters such as pH, catalyst loading, and ethanol concentration were examined. Solutions with initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 of dye, within the range of typical concentration in textile wastewaters, were treated at natural pH of 6.93 and catalyst concentration of 1 g L−1 after 180 min irradiation. Investigations on the active species indicated that hydroxyl radicals play the major role in the process. Experiments showed that the most efficient pH on the removal of the dye with photocatalytic degradation process was 8; however, acidic pH was favored for the dark surface adsorption. Electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of AY36 has been also determined.

Influence of Operational Parameters on Photocatalytic Degradation of Linuron in Aqueous TiO2 Pillared Montmorillonite Suspension

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-685
Author(s):  
D. Hadj Bachir ◽  
Hocine Boutoumi ◽  
H. Khalaf ◽  
Pierre Eloy ◽  
J. Schnee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Initial Ph

TiO2 pillared clay was prepared by intercalation of titan polyoxocation into interlamelar space of an Algerian montmorillonite and used for the photocatalytic degradation of the linuron herbicide as a target pollutant in aqueous solution. The TiO2 pillared montmorillonite (Mont-TiO2) was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transformed infra-red (FT-IR), specific area and porosity determinations. This physicochemical characterization pointed to successful TiO2 pillaring of the clay. The prepared material has porous structure and exhibit a good thermal stability as indicated by its surface area after calcination by microwave. The effects of operating parameters such as catalyst loading, initial pH of the solution and the pollutant concentration on the photocatalytic efficiency and COD removal  were evaluated. Under initial pH of the solution around seven, pollutant concentration of 10 mg/L and 2.5 g/L of catalyst at room temperature, the degradation efficiency and COD removal of linuron was best then the other operating conditions. It was observed that operational parameters play a major role in the photocatalytic degradation process. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

Decolourization of Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solution using Electrocoagulation: Kinetics and Isothermal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Gautam ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Suantak Kamsonlian
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Operational Parameters

Abstract Reactive dyes are essential materials for the modern lifestyle due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, but they cause adverse effects on the environment. This research work aimed to decolourize the synthetic aqueous solution containing Reactive Black B (RBB) dye using electrocoagulation (EC) process with iron electrodes in batch reactor. The effect of operational parameters such as initial pH (3–9), the distance between electrodes (0.5–2 cm), current density (1.1–8.4 mA/cm2) and initial dye concentration (100–400 mg/L), was investigated in the presence of sodium chloride to maintain the conductivity of electrolytes. Under optimal value of process parameters, high decolourization (99.6%) was obtained at 25 min. The experimental data showed that pseudo-second order kinetics with a correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.97) and Sips isotherm with a correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.98) were found to be well fitted for kinetic and adsorption equilibrium models, respectively. The economic efficiency was also calculated on the basis of electrical energy consumption (EEC), specific electrical energy consumption (SEEC), and current efficiency, respectively. Moreover, characterization of EC generated sludge was also carried out by proximate analysis, IR spectra and XRD analysis. The results revealed that EC process using Fe electrode is quite efficient and clean process for decolourization of reactive dye from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Application of new biosorbent based on chemicaly modified Lagenaria vulgaris shell for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solutions: Effects of operational parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kostic ◽  
Miljana Radovic ◽  
Jelena Mitrovic ◽  
Danijela Bojic ◽  
Dragan Milenkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Process Mode ◽  
Lagenaria Vulgaris

In present study a low cost biosorbent derived from Lagenaria vulgaris plant by xanthation, was tested for its ability to remove copper from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, initial pH, initial concentration of copper(II) ions and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency were studied in a batch process mode. The optimal pH for investigated metal was 5. A dosage of 4 g dm-3 of xanthated Lagenaria vulgaris biosorbent (xLVB) was found to be effective for maximum uptake of copper(II). The kinetic of sorption of metal was fast, reaching at equilibrium in 50 min. The kinetic data were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 23.18 mg g-1 copper(II) ions on xLVB. The presence of sulfur groups on xLVB were identified by FTIR spectroscopic study. Copper removal efficiency was achieved at 81.35% from copper plating industry wastevater.

Optimization of Process Parameters for the Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Aqueous Solutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Kansal ◽  
Manohar Singh ◽  
Dhiraj Sud
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Optimal Values

In the present study, the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DCP has been investigated in a batch reactor under UV light in slurry mode using titania P-25 (surface area 50 m2/g) as a photocatalyst and sodium hypochlorite as an oxidant. Variables studied include catalyst dose, pH and oxidant concentration. The rate of degradation was studied in terms of changes in concentration of the pollutant and reduction in chemical oxygen demand. The optimal values of operational parameters leading to 2,4-DCP abatement were obtained by using response surface methodology.

scholarly journals Simultaneous synthesis-immobilization of nano ZnO on perlite for photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye in semi batch packed bed photoreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khani ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Kinetic Rate Constant ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
On Line ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis

Abstract A novel, simple and simultaneous synthesis-immobilization of nano ZnO on perlite (nZnO-P) as a photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Acid orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial pH, flow rate, photocatalyst granule size, temperature and the kinetic of the removal of AO7 in terms of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model in a designed semi batch packed bed photoreactor connected to an on-line sampling UV-Vis spectrophotometer was studied. The results showed that AO7 removal efficiency increased with nZnO-P using the designed setup and the proposed photocatalyst was more efficient than TiO2 as a standard catalyst. Our results confirmed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constant, KAO7, the kinetic rate constant of surface reaction, kc, and the activation energy (Ea) were found to be 0.57 (mg.l−1)−1, 0.41 mg.l−1.min−1 and 11.44 kJ/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation and Mineralization of Furfural Using UVC/TiO2/GAC Composite in Aqueous Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Ghasemi ◽  
Bagher Anvaripour ◽  
Sahand Jorfi ◽  
Neematollah Jaafarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Initial Ph

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) as a porous and low-density support for photocatalytic degradation of furfural. The TiO2/GAC composite was synthetized using the simple sol-gel method and fully characterized. The effects of the operational parameters of furfural concentration (200–700 mg/L), initial pH (2–12), TiO2/GAC composite dosage (1–3.5 g/L), and irradiation time (20–120 min) were studied. The synthetized TiO2/GAC composite exhibited a total pore volume of 0.13 cm3/g and specific surface area of 35.91 m2/g. Removal efficiency of up to 95% was observed at initial pH of 10, TiO2/GAC dosage of 2.5 g/L, irradiation time of 80 min, and initial furfural concentration of 500 mg/L. The photocatalyst could be reused at least four consecutive times with a mere 2% decrease in furfural removal efficiency. Mineralization efficiency of 94% was obtained within 80 min. Pseudo-first-order kinetics best fit the photocatalytic degradation of furfural under experimental conditions.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using nanopillars-TiO2 thin films: Batch reactor studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lalhriatpuia
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Interfering Ions

Nanopillars-TiO2 thin films was obtained on a borosilicate glass substrate with (S1) and without (S2) polyethylene glycol as template. The photocatalytic behaviour of S1 and S2 thin films was assessed inthe degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution under batch reactor operations. The thin films were characterized by the SEM, XRD, FTIR and AFM analytical methods. BET specific surface area and pore sizes were also obtained. The XRD data confirmed that the TiO2 particles are in its anatase mineral phase. The SEM and AFM images indicated the catalyst is composed with nanosized pillars of TiO2, evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The BET specific surface area and pore sizes of S1 and S2 catalyst were found to be 5.217 and 1.420 m2/g and 7.77 and 4.16 nm respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was well studied at wide range of physico-chemical parameters. The effect of solution pH (pH 4.0 to 10.0) and MB initial concentration (1.0 to 10.0 mg/L) was extensively studied and the effect of several interfering ions, i.e., cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, glycine, oxalic acid and EDTA in the photocatalytic degradation of MB was demonstrated. The maximum percent removal of MB was observed at pH 8.0 beyond which it started decreasing and a low initial concentration of the pollutant highly favoured the photocatalytic degradation using thin films and the presence of several interfering ions diminished the photocatalytic activity of thin films to some extent. The overall photocatalytic activity was in the order: S2 > S1 > UV. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The mineralization of MB was studied with total organic carbon measurement using the TOC (total organic carbon) analysis.

Estimation of oxygen transfer rate in sequencing batch reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Y. C. Liao ◽  
D. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Rate ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Transient Model

Transient model of oxygen transfer rate in a sequencing batch reactor is derived and solved numerically. The dissolved oxygen response under several conditions is analyzed. Effects of operational parameters and liquid bath height are studied. When with short, intermittent aeration periods, the transient effects on oxygen transfer rate may be substantial and should be taken into considerations. An example considering bioreaction is also given.

Use of Nanopillars-TiO2 Thin Films in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Bromophenol Blue from Aqueous Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
C. Lalhriatpuia ◽  
◽  
Thanhming liana ◽  
K. Vanlaldinpuia
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Interfering Ions

The photocatalytic activity of Nanopillars-TiO2 thin films was assessed in the degradation of Bromophenol blue (BPB) dye from aqueous solution under batch reactor operations. The thin films were characterized by the XRD, SEM and AFM analytical methods. BET specific surface area and pore sizes were also obtained. The XRD data showed anatase phase of TiO2 particles with average particle size of 25.4 and 21.9 nm, for S1 and S2 catalysts respectively. The SEM and AFM images indicated the catalyst composed with Nanosized pillars of TiO2, evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The average height of the pillars was found to be 180 and 40 nm respectively for the S1 and S2 catalyst. The BET specific surface area and pore sizes of S1 and S2 catalyst were found to be 5.217 and 1.420 m2/g and 7.77 and 4.16 nm respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of BPB using the UV light was studied at wide range of physico-chemical parametric studies to determine the mechanism of degradation as well as the practical applicability of the technique. The batch reactor operations were conducted at varied pH (pH 4.0 to 10.0), BPB initial concentration (1.0 to 20.0 mg/L) and presence of several interfering ions, i.e., cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, glycine, oxalic acid and EDTA in the photocatalytic degradation of BPB. The maximum percent removal of BPB was observed at pH 6.0 and a low initial concentration of the pollutant highly favours the photocatalytic degradation using thin films. The presence of several interfering ions suppressed the photocatalytic activity of thin films to some extent. The time dependence photocatalytic degradation of BPB was demonstrated with the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. Study was further extended with total organic carbon measurement using the TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analysis. This demonstrated an apparent mineralization of BPB from aqueous solutions.

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