Experimental Investigation of Spirulina Microalgae Biodiesel with Metal Nanoadditive on Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

Nanoparticles are an emerging concept for increasing fuel properties. The purpose of this research work is to determine the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines that run on a spirulina microalgae biodiesel blend (B20) as a fuel. The ultrasonication was used to disperse MgO nanoparticles in B20 fuel at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). The significant findings indicated that B20+100 blends reduced specific fuel consumption by 20.1% and had a 5.09% higher brake thermal efficiency than B20. B20+100 blends reduced CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke emissions by a maximum of 32.02%, 30.03%, and 26.07%, respectively, compared to B20.

Determination of the Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NP) on in Vitro Culture of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp)

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different doses of MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NP's) on in vitro regeneration of cowpea. MgO NPs used in the study were synthesized using walnut shell extract by green synthesis method. MgO nanoparticles with 35-40 nm size were used in this research. In the study, the effect of different doses of MgO NP applied to cowpea plant on all in vitro parameters was found to be significant. Considering the parameters examined, the best results in morphogenesis were 185 mg/L, 370 mg/L and 555 mg/L MgO-NPs applications, the highest shoot formation rate was obtained 82.50% with 555 mg/L(MgO-NPs) and 72.50% with 370 mg/L (MgO-NPs). The highest mean values of shoot number, shoot number per explant and shoot length were observed in the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs with 61.25, 17.50, and 2.075 (unit) respectively. The best root formation rate was obtained from control and 370 mg/L MgO application at a rate of 27.50%. The highest values were 6.75 (pieces) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in the number of roots per explant, 555 mg/L MgO-NPs with 10% in callus formation, and 1.575 (cm) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in root length. When all the examined parameters were evaluated, it was determined that the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs gave the best results in terms of in vitro parameters.

Improved mechanical and electrochemical properties of PVDF/PEO/LiClO4 based solid polymer electrolyte by using TiO2 and MgO nanoparticles

The poly (vinylidene fluoride) PVDF and poly (ethylene oxide) PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes are gaining popularity due to their good electrochemical and mechanical characteristics. In the present work the polymer electrolyte is prepared by taking 80% PVDF, 20% PEO, and 20% LiClO4 through rigorous mixing. Further, the properties of PVDF/PEO/LiClO4 based electrolyte are improved by adding TiO2 and MgO nanoparticles in different proportions. The results show that the addition of TiO2 and MgO nanoparticles has a significant effect on the electrochemical characteristics and mechanical properties of the electrolyte. The maximum current onset potential of 4.97 V is observed with a 4% concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. Also, the mechanical properties such as ultimate stress and failure stress are increased with the addition of nanoparticles. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte first increases with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles but it starts decreasing after 2% concentration.

The Effect of In Situ Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles on the Thermal Properties of Ternary Nitrate

The multiple eutectic nitrates with a low melting point are widely used in the field of solar thermal utilization due to their good thermophysical properties. The addition of nanoparticles can improve the heat transfer and heat storage performance of nitrate. This article explored the effect of MgO nanoparticles on the thermal properties of ternary eutectic nitrates. As a result of the decomposition reaction of the Mg(OH)2 precursor at high temperature, MgO nanoparticles were synthesized in situ in the LiNO3–NaNO3–KNO3 ternary eutectic nitrate system. XRD and Raman results showed that MgO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in situ in the ternary nitrate system. SEM and EDS results showed no obvious agglomeration. The specific heat capacity of the modified salt is significantly increased. When the content of MgO nanoparticles is 2 wt %, the specific heat of the modified salt in the solid phase and the specific heat in the liquid phase increased by 51.54% and 44.50%, respectively. The heat transfer performance of the modified salt is also significantly improved. When the content of MgO nanoparticles is 5 wt %, the thermal diffusion coefficient of the modified salt is increased by 39.3%. This study also discussed the enhancement mechanism of the specific heat capacity of the molten salt by the nanoparticles mainly due to the higher specific surface energy of MgO and the semi-solid layer that formed between the MgO nanoparticles and the molten salt.

Ag/MgO Nanoparticles via Gas Aggregation Nanocluster Source for Perovskite Solar Cell Engineering

Nanocluster aggregation sources based on magnetron-sputtering represent precise and versatile means to deposit a controlled quantity of metal nanoparticles at selected interfaces. In this work, we exploit this methodology to produce Ag/MgO nanoparticles (NPs) and deposit them on a glass/FTO/TiO2 substrate, which constitutes the mesoscopic front electrode of a monolithic perovskite-based solar cell (PSC). Herein, the Ag NP growth through magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation, subsequently covered with MgO ultrathin layers, is fully characterized in terms of structural and morphological properties while thermal stability and endurance against air-induced oxidation are demonstrated in accordance with PSC manufacturing processes. Finally, once the NP coverage is optimized, the Ag/MgO engineered PSCs demonstrate an overall increase of 5% in terms of device power conversion efficiencies (up to 17.8%).

EvaluationofremovalefficiencyofFe(III)andAl(III)ionsinacidsulfate waterusing agarose-basedmagnesiumoxidecomposite

Agarose/MgO composite adsorbents were developed through interspersing MgO nanoparticles with agarose to create an absorbent. The elimination capacity of the composite towards iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and arsenate (As) in acid sulfate water was evaluated by means of batch method at room temperature. The constituents of the composite were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The removal efficiency was determined through inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry. The composite adsorbent exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity towards three types of ions and heavy metals that are found in acid sulfate water. After treating with agarose/MgO, the concentrations of Fe and Al decreased from 60.28 and 604.84 μg/l, respectively, to under 3.42 and 1.78 μg/l, respectively. These exceptional results reveal the potential uses of agarose/MgO composites as adsorbents in the treatment of acid sulfate water.