scholarly journals Transitional Dynamics in a Tullock Contest with a General Cost Function

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grossmann ◽  
Markus Lang ◽  
Helmut Dietl
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Transitional Dynamics ◽  
Constant Elasticity ◽  
Depreciation Rate ◽  
Tullock Contest ◽  
Asset Stocks

This paper constructs and analyzes open-loop equilibria in an infinitely repeated Tullock contest in which two contestants contribute efforts to accumulate individual asset stocks over time. To investigate the transitional dynamics of the contest in the case of a general cost function, we linearize the model around the steady state. Our analysis shows that optimal asset stocks and their speed of convergence to the steady state crucially depend on the elasticity of marginal effort costs, the discount factor and the depreciation rate. In the case of a cost function with a constant elasticity of marginal costs, a lower discount factor, a higher depreciation rate and a lower elasticity imply a higher speed of convergence to the steady state. We further analyze the effects of second prizes in the contest. A higher prize spread increases individual and aggregate asset stocks, but does not alter the balance of the contest in the long run. During the transition, a higher prize spread increases asset stocks, produces a more balanced contest in each period and increases the speed of convergence to the steady state.

scholarly journals MONETARY POLICY, FACTOR SUBSTITUTION, AND CONVERGENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Rainer Klump ◽  
Anne Jurkat
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Constant Elasticity ◽  
Constant Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we examine the influence of monetary policy on the speed of convergence in a standard monetary growth model à la Sidrauski allowing for differences in the elasticity of substitution between factors of production. The respective changes in the rate of convergence and its sensitivities to the central model parameters are derived both analytically and numerically. By normalizing the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production functions both outside the steady state and within the steady state, it is possible to distinguish between an efficiency and a distribution effect of a change in the elasticity of substitution. We show that monetary policy is the more effective, the lower is the elasticity of substitution, and that the impact of monetary policy on the speed of convergence is mainly channeled via the efficiency effect.

scholarly journals PI- Controlled PV Fed Fly Back Converter with Enhanced Dynamic Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 4031-4034
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Step Down

Fly back converter is the most popular converter because of its simplicity, low part counts and isolation. It occupies less volume and it saves cost. Fly back converter steps up and step down the voltage with the same polarity. Open loop operation remains insensitive to the input voltage and load variations. Matlab Simulink model for Fly back converter is established using PI controller. Open loop Fly back converter system and closed loop fly back converter systems are simulated and their outcomes are compared. Comparison is done in terms of Rise time ,Settling time and steady state error

The control of a multipurpose reservoir

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 592-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Haslett
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Stochastic Behaviour ◽  
Accounting Procedure ◽  
Multipurpose Reservoir

A technique known as potential cost, used by Faddy [3] for assessing the operation of a dam is seen to be capable of extension to allow for (i) a very general cost function, as is required for a multipurpose reservoir (the norm nowadays) and (ii) the use of discounting of future costs, a very widespread accounting procedure. Numerical results are obtained for an optimal policy based on such an assessment, and demonstrate the need for an accurate specification of the costs associated with the operation of a reservoir. As a by-product a very full description of the steady-state stochastic behaviour of the dam is obtained.

TRANSITIONAL DYNAMICS AND THRESHOLDS IN ROMER'S ENDOGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE MODEL

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia-Castrillo ◽  
Marcos Sanso
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Transitional Dynamics ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Endogenous Technological Change ◽  
Relevant Variables

We obtain the transitional dynamics of the decentralized economy described by P.M. Romer and characterize the dynamic behavior of the most relevant variables. We determine the existence of a stable one-dimensional manifold containing a steady state with innovation, unique in ratios, and also find a threshold in the accumulation of physical capital below which the economy is not innovating. Finally, using simulations, we assess the significance of this threshold and analyze the influence that technological and utility parameters have on it.

Exact Deadbeat Controller Design From N Impulse Response Samples

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Rink
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Arbitrary Type ◽  
Pi Controllers ◽  
State Tracking ◽  
Time Invariant

A simple method is given for the design of exact deadbeat regulators and PI controllers when only N impulse or step response samples from the process are available. It is required that the process be linear, controllable, observable, time invariant, and that N≥2n, where n is the degree of the process. It is not required that the process be open-loop stable, in distinction with previously-given simple methods. This makes it easy to include any number of integrations in the controller to achieve steady-state tracking properties of arbitrary type.

scholarly journals Minimum BER Criterion Based Robust Blind Separation for MIMO Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Zhongqiang Luo ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lidong Zhu ◽  
Chengjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Gradient Search ◽  
Natural Gradient ◽  
Blind Separation ◽  
Separation Algorithm ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, a robust blind source separation (BSS) algorithm is investigated based on a new cost function for noise suppression. This new cost function is established according to the criterion of minimum bit error rate (BER) incorporated into maximum likelihood (ML) principle based independent component analysis (ICA). With the help of natural gradient search, the blind separation work is carried out through optimizing this constructed cost function. Simulation results and analysis corroborate that the proposed blind separation algorithm can realize better performance in speed of convergence and separation accuracy as opposed to the conventional ML-based BSS.

scholarly journals Robust Normalized Subband Adaptive Filter Algorithm with a Sigmoid-Function-Based Step-Size Scaler and Its Convex Combination Version

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zijie Shen ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Adaptive Filter ◽  
Convex Combination ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Function Structure ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Subband Adaptive Filter ◽  
Norm Constraint ◽  
Normalized Subband Adaptive Filter

In this paper, by inserting the logarithm cost function of the normalized subband adaptive filter algorithm with the step-size scaler (SSS-NSAF) into the sigmoid function structure, the proposed sigmoid-function-based SSS-NSAF algorithm yields improved robustness against impulsive interferences and lower steady-state error. In order to identify sparse impulse response further, a series of sparsity-aware algorithms, including the sigmoid L0 norm constraint SSS-NSAF (SL0-SSS-NSAF), sigmoid step-size scaler improved proportionate NSAF (S-SSS-IPNSAF), and sigmoid L0 norm constraint step-size scaler improved proportionate NSAF (SL0-SSS-IPNSAF), is derived by inserting the logarithm cost function into the sigmoid function structure as well as the L0 norm of the weight coefficient vector to act as a new cost function. Since the use of the fix step size in the proposed SL0-SSS-IPNSAF algorithm, it needs to make a trade-off between fast convergence rate and low steady-state error. Thus, the convex combination version of the SL0-SSS-IPNSAF (CSL0-SSS-IPNSAF) algorithm is proposed. Simulations in acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) scenario have justified the improved performance of these proposed algorithms in impulsive interference environments and even in the impulsive interference-free condition.

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