ANALYSIS OF WATER USAGE BY WEB QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY AND LONG TIME CHANGES OF WATER DEMAND STRUCTURE

The present study aimed to design, develop, operate, and evaluate a recommendation system for meeting places targeting groups of two or more people during events. The system was designed and developed by integrating an accessibility database, as well as a recommendation system, and linking with Google Maps and social networking services (SNSs, Twitter and LINE). Additionally, the system was operated for 5 weeks with people mainly in the Tokyo metropolitan area, with Japan as the target, and the total number of users was 59. Based on the results of the web questionnaire survey, it was made evident that the system is useful for groups when meeting up, and the entry function for the nearest station to one’s home, as well as the recommendation function for meet-up stations, which was the original functions of the system, received generally good reviews. From the results of access analysis of the users’ log data, it was made evident that the system was used regardless of the type of device, just as the system was designed for, and that the system was used in harmony with the aim of the present study, which is to recommend meet-up stations for groups.

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Introduction

Common Enemies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190918408.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Rachel Kahn Best

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Social Movements ◽

Interest Groups ◽

Agenda Setting ◽

Social Problems ◽

Contentious Politics ◽

Long Time ◽

Time Periods ◽

Time Changes ◽

Or Organization

For more than a century, disease campaigns have been the causes Americans ask their neighbors to donate to and the issues that inspire them to march and volunteer. Studies of social movements, interest groups, agenda setting, and social problems tend to focus on contentious politics and study one movement or organization at a time. But these approaches cannot reveal why disease campaigns are the battles Americans can agree to fight, why some diseases attract more attention than others, and how fighting one disease at a time changes charity and public policy. Understanding the causes and effects of disease campaigns, requires studying consensus politics and collecting data on fields of organizations over long time periods.

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Wastewater reuse in Italy

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0576 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. Barbagallo ◽

G. L. Cirelli ◽

S. Indelicato

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Central Italy ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

Viable Solution ◽

Long Time ◽

Civil Sector ◽

Italian Legislation

In many parts of Italy, particularly in the South, it has become ever more difficult to meet the water demand. The recent years of drought and the constant increase of water demand for the civil sector have made irrigation supply more problematic. Wastewater reuse could represent a viable solution to meet water demand. The focus of this paper is on the regulation problems, hampering the development of wastewater reuse for irrigation, and on the potentials for reuse, particularly in Southern Italy. Planned exploitation of municipal wastewater could help meeting the irrigation water demand particularly in Southern Italy, where farmers have been practising uncontrolled wastewater reuse for a long time. In Northern and Central Italy, where available water resources generally meet water needs for different purposes, wastewater reuse could play an important role in controlling the pollution of water bodies. Despite the fact that Italian legislation is extremely strict and outdated, for several years in some regions, such as Sicily, wastewater reuse systems have been in operation; furthermore, several projects of wastewater reuse are currently in progress.

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Effect of television broadcasts of global sporting events on short-term changes in the use of water from the water supply network

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2017.191 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 623-629

Author(s):

Włodzimierz Marszelewski ◽

Adam Piasecki

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Water Usage ◽

Short Term ◽

World Cup ◽

Football Match ◽

Day Of The Week ◽

Normal Trend ◽

The City ◽

Hourly Basis

Abstract The article discusses the influence of television broadcasts of global sporting events on water usage in the city of Toruń during the final match of the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil. The analyses covered accurate data of water usage (recorded every 1 minute) in the city on the day of the final match. The obtained results were compared with the data for the same days of the week (Sundays) but with no such important events. A completely different trend in water usage was documented during the television broadcast, including: exponential and short-term increases and decreases in water demand immediately after the end of the successive parts of the football match. The deviations in water usage from the normal trend for the same day of the week and the same hours ranged from −318 to more than 550 m3·h−1 (calculated on an hourly basis). Therefore, water usage can be a good indicator of the interest of audiences in television programmes, particularly in those gathering millions of viewers, such as broadcasts of global sporting events.

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Impact of physicians' clinical experience and workplace on patients' care of urticaria in Japan: A sub‐analysis of a nation‐wide cross‐sectional web questionnaire survey

Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy ◽

10.1002/cia2.12220 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shunsuke Takahagi ◽

Akiko Kamegashira ◽

Naoko Inomata ◽

Atsushi Fukunaga ◽

Takeshi Nakahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Experience ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Cross ◽

Web Questionnaire

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Long-time changes of the thermal continentality index; the amplitudes and the phase of the seasonal temperature variation in Ukraine

Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal ◽

10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v40i3.2018.137175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 81-96

Author(s):

S. Boychenko ◽

V. Voloshchuk ◽

T. Kuchma ◽

N. Serdyuchenko

Keyword(s):

Temperature Variation ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Seasonal Temperature Variation ◽

Long Time ◽

Time Changes

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Smart metering technology and community participation: investigating household water usage and perceived value of hybrid water systems

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2021.266 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Fornarelli ◽

M. Anda ◽

S. Dallas ◽

G. M. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Community Participation ◽

Water Use ◽

State Government ◽

Water Demand ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Perceived Value ◽

Water Systems ◽

Water Usage ◽

Smart Meters ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Hybrid water systems (HWSs) are emerging as an alternative decentralised and cost-effective approach for urban water management. Although continuous monitoring is recognised as an essential step to inform the planning and design of water services, a knowledge gap has been identified in the integration of water use monitoring, HWSs and community participation. This research compares water practices of households with and without HWSs, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. Water use data were collected at selected households via smart meters at 30 minutes intervals. R computing software was used for data analytics and dashboard visualisation. Qualitative data on water practices was collected through one-to-one interviews, on-line surveys and community workshops. On a per capita basis, sites with HWSs have a 20% lower total water demand and 41% lower mains water demand than sites without HWSs. Depending on the level of sophistication of the installed HWS, the reduction of mains water use across the participants ranged from 20% to as high as 80%. Almost all sites with HWSs were able to meet the state government targets (40–60 kL/person/y) on annual per capita mains water usage. The seasonality of rainwater supply versus the weather-independent supply of greywater was observed in the data. The qualitative data collected during community engagement highlighted the importance of establishing a personal connection between the individual and the water resource and of involving the resident in the different stages of harvesting, using and disposing of water. This is expected to contribute to a higher perceived value of the water resources by improving awareness, making knowledge more accessible, improving the transparency between the community needs and the water utility decisions. To this end, the role of digital technologies in the water sector plays a role in assisting with the paradigm shift from centralised water networks to an integrated and community-empowered, centralised-hybrid water system.

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Physical vs. Aesthetic Renovations: Learning from Swedish House Owners

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings9010012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giangiacomo Bravo ◽

Georgios Pardalis ◽

Krushna Mahapatra ◽

Brijesh Mainali

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Saving Energy ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Highly Educated ◽

The Past ◽

Long Time ◽

Demographic Background

In this paper, we identify the socio-economic attributes and attitudes that have influenced house owners in renovating their homes in the past. Our study is based on responses to an online questionnaire survey of 971 house owners living in Kronoberg County in Sweden. Results showed that the interest and willingness of the house owners to perform a renovation varied depending on their demographic background and the age of the house. The latter positively affected past renovations, only when combined with the residence time. Furthermore, the age of house owners strongly and positively affected the probability of performing aesthetic type of renovations, because of a long time of residence in the house. Younger, town living, and highly educated house owners seem to be more concerned regarding saving energy, which motivated them to perform physical renovations on their house. Our results also suggest that income, level of education, and place of residence have an effect on renovation decisions only through their effect on the energy concern of house owners, and a varied effect on renovation decisions, when combined with the time of residence in the house.

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Potential Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic through Changes in Outbound Tourism on Water Demand: The Case of Liège (Belgium)

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2820

Author(s):

Nguyen Bich-Ngoc ◽

Jacques Teller

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Water Usage ◽

Total Water ◽

Monthly Total ◽

Hot Weather ◽

Total Water Demand ◽

Sudden Reduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many countries closing their borders, and numerous people spending their holidays at home instead of traveling abroad. This sudden reduction in travel activities, and other ‘new normals’, might have influenced people’s water usage. Hence, using Liège as a case study, this study aims to address the potential effect of outbound tourism on water consumption and how the current situation might affect the total water demand. Statistical models were developed and validated using the total daily volume of 23 municipalities in the Liège conurbation, the monthly total number of outbound trips, and other meteorological data. Results suggest significantly lower water demand in the months with high numbers of outbound travel activities. Though the projected risk of increased water needs due to fewer people traveling is moderate, the threat becomes much higher during long periods of dry and hot weather.

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