THE TREND OF ADMINISTRATIVE TECHNICAL STAFF PARTICIPATED URBAN RECONSTRUCTION AFTER LARGE-SCALE DISASTERS —AS AN EXAMPLE THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT (THE RECONSTRUCTION BUREAU, MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS), TOKYO CITY, YOKOHAMA CITY AFTER GREAT KANTO EARTHQUAKE—

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Kousuke ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Government ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Kanto Earthquake

Pre- and Post-Tsunami Depth Changes of Submarine Topography for the Analysis of Submarine Landslide-Induced Tsunami: Proposal of Digitization Method and Application to the Case of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake Tsunamis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Murata ◽  
Shinji Sassa ◽  
Tomohiro Takagawa ◽  
Toshikazu Ebisuzaki ◽  
Shigenori Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Sagami Bay ◽  
Seabed Topography ◽  
Kanto Earthquake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tsunami Event

Abstract We first propose and examine a method for digitizing analog data of submarine topography by focusing on the seafloor survey records available in the literature to facilitate a detailed analysis of submarine landslides and landslide-induced tsunamis. Second, we apply this digitization method to the seafloor topographic changes recorded before and after the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake tsunami event and evaluate its effectiveness. Third, we discuss the coseismic large-scale seafloor deformation at the Sagami Bay and the mouth of the Tokyo Bay, Japan. The results confirmed that the latitude / longitude and water depth values recorded by the lead sounding measurement method can be approximately extracted from the sea depth coordinates by triangulation survey through the overlaying of the currently available GIS map data without geometric correction such as affine transformation. Further, this proposed method allows us to obtain mesh data of depth changes in the sea area by using the interpolation method based on the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) average method through its application to the case of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake. Finally, we analyzed and compared the submarine topography before and after the 1923 tsunami event and the current seabed topography. Consequently, we found that these large-scale depth changes correspond to the valley lines that flow down as the topography of the Sagami Bay and the Tokyo Bay mouth.

scholarly journals Achievements and Challenges of Governmental Human Resource Support System in Japanese Disaster Response for Affected Local Governments in the Aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Shohei Beniya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Support System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Government ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Resource Support ◽  
To Receive

After a large-scale disaster, affected local governments face challenges such as a shortage of skilled staff in disaster response operations. Human resource support from external organizations is essential. This paper summarizes the major achievements of the human support system in Japan for affected local governments from the perspective of both local and national government support in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). However, several issues still need to be considered. In terms of mutual support among local governments, this paper proposes the following three points for future wide-area mega-disasters: First, each local government should enhance its own disaster response capacity. Second, the entire country should use skilled human resources effectively. Third, national and local governments should prepare to receive assistance from overseas. This paper also proposes the following three points for the support of the national government’s onsite organizations. First, the national government should define a detailed plan for dispatching personnel to affected areas. Second, the national government should dispatch support teams directly to each affected prefecture, instead of setting up onsite organizations that cover multiple prefectures. Third, local governments should prepare to receive these onsite organizations.

Some Reflections on the Economic History of Modern China (1840–1949)

1963 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-605
Author(s):  
Chi-Ming Hou
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
National Government ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Modern China ◽  
History Of ◽  
Statistical Surveys ◽  
The Government ◽  
History Of Modern China

The study of the economic history of modern China is underdeveloped. There is urgent need for original work both in ascertaining facts and in interpretations. Though investigations into the various phases of the Chinese economy had been made by the Chinese Maritime Customs since the 1860's, and by interested contemporary observers such as Morse and Wagel, statistical surveys on a large scale were not systematically conducted with any degree of reliability until the 1930's. They represented the efforts of the government, academic institutions, and individual scholars. A comprehensive survey on agriculture was made by John L. Buck and the National Agricultural Research Bureau of the National Government. An industrial census of Chinese-owned factories was planned and carried out by D. K. Lieu for the National Resources Commission of the National Government. Mining statistics were collected by government agencies under the direction of Ting Weng-chiang and Weng Wen-hao. Railway statistics have been published (since 1915) and a monumental collection of some 37 huge volumes on transportation and communications was compiled by the Ministry of Communications. The Nankai Institute of Economics—with which professors Franklin Ho, Fang Hsien-ting (H. D. Fong), C. M. Li and many others were associated—made significant contributions in the study of prices, terms of trade, modern industries, and handicrafts. Banking statistics were collected by various institutions, especially the Bank of China. The most comprehensive work on foreign investment was done by C. F. Remer and later by the Japanese East Asian Research Institute. The Japanese Manchuria Railway provided a great deal of economic information on Manchuria after the latter was taken by Japan in 1931. A few sample studies were made both by research institutions and by the government on the characteristics of the Chinese population.

Beyond Local Protectionism: China's State–Business Relations in the Last Two Decades

2016 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Government ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Publicly Traded Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Relations

AbstractThis article presents a large-scale, systematic study of politically connected firms in China. It was conducted by compiling a database of all the publicly traded firms in China in 1993, 2002 and 2012 that codes the biographies of hundreds of thousands of board members. I find that there has been a significant increase in the percentage of firms that are connected with the national government in the last 20 years. This casts doubt on a popular argument that businesses in China have primarily relied on “local protectionism.” I interpret this as a result of firms' need to connect with powerful and stable institutions. I test this by examining the impact of the fall of Chen Liangyu on firms in Shanghai.

Public Ownership and Tax Replacement by the T.V.A.

1941 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-737
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Edelmann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
National Government ◽  
Public Ownership ◽  
Public Power ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Tennessee Valley ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Valley Area

The state and county governments in the Tennessee Valley area, particularly in Tennessee, completed 1940 with one of their most pressing financial problems solved or well on the way to solution. The threatened loss of taxes to governmental units, resulting from the program of public ownership of power and the purchase by the Tennessee Valley Authority and the municipalities of the properties of private electrical power companies, had been serious to many counties facing bankruptcy, curtailment of services, or exorbitant taxes. Besides the financial effects, the situation strikingly demonstrated the need for reforms in local government, mainly the consolidation of counties and the introduction of better budgeting and accounting practices. Moreover, the problem has also been significant because of certain issues resulting from the venture into public ownership. Should proprietary agencies of the national government engaged in competition with private business and acquiring existing taxable facilities be responsible for the taxes thereby displaced and replace them as a matter of policy? Are proprietary functions of the national government subject to state and local taxing authority? These issues have demanded widespread consideration not only in the Tennessee Valley area but also in other sections where public power programs are being tried on a large scale. A bill was introduced into Congress on September 30, 1940, to provide for payments to governmental units affected by displacement of taxes arising from the Bonneville Power Project, and a more recent bill applies to the proposed Arkansas Valley Authority Project. The passage of the Norris-Sparkman amendment by Congress in June, 1940, whereby payments in lieu of taxes are being made by the T.V.A., has answered these questions and relieved the pressing financial aspects of the situation. The tax replacement provision has now been in operation more than six months, and an analysis of the period affords an interesting insight into its effects on the various governments concerned.

scholarly journals The Janus face of modernity: Michael Faraday in the twentieth century

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK A. J. L. JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Government ◽  
British History ◽  
Great War ◽  
Michael Faraday ◽  
The Great War

AbstractSeptember 1931 is seen by historians as one of the key months in interwar British history. It was the first full month of the National Government, the month of the Invergordon Mutiny and of Britain being forced off the gold standard. It was also the month when large-scale celebrations were held to mark the centenary of the discovery of electromagnetic induction by Michael Faraday. This address discusses the specific events of celebrating Faraday and its consequences; it is framed in relation to, and in some instances directly linked with, the crises of that month and some of the consequences of the Great War, especially the growth of the corporate and coordinated state and the rise of modernity.Let us honour if we canThe Vertical manThough we value noneBut the horizontal one.W. H. Auden, Poems, London, 1930, dedication

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

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