scholarly journals Assessing the Imagination Scale’s Nomological Validity: Effect of Hedonic versus Utilitarian Product Types and Abstract versus Concrete Advertising Execution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Ike Janita Dewi ◽  
Swee Hoon Ang
Keyword(s):  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Validity Effect ◽  
Emotional Bonding ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Hedonic Utilitarian ◽  
Nomological Validity

This research builds on a study of advertisement-evoked imagination scale developed by Dewi and Ang (2015). The imagination scale contains four types of imagination, that is, benefit-anticipatory imagination, emotional-bonding imagina­tion, symbolic imagination, and mind-wandering imagination.In this paper, the pro­po­sed constructs of the imagination types are related to other relevant constructs exis­ting in marketing literature.The purpose of this research is twofold. First, it establishes the nomological validity of the imagination measures by placing it in the context of hedonic-utilitarian concepts proposed by Holbrook and Hirschman (1983). Second, the research empirically studies the effect of situational factor, that is concrete versus abstract advertisement execution, on imagination elicitation. The study is an experiment which employs mixed factor design involving eight sub-groups of participants. Results of the research demons­trate the nomological validity of the imagination scale where the four types of imagination were elicited in response to hedonic/utilitarian product depicted in the ad and situational factors (that is, abstract versus concrete ads).

Implicit Association Test: Separating Transsituationally Stable and Variable Components of Attitudes toward Gay Men

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Axel Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Implicit Association

Implicit attitudes are conceived of as formed in childhood, suggesting extreme stability. At the same time, it has been shown that implicit attitudes are influenced by situational factors, suggesting variability by the moment. In the present article, using structural equation modeling, we decomposed implicit attitudes towards gay men into a person factor and a situational factor. The Implicit Association Test ( Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ), introduced as an instrument with which individual differences in implicit attitudes can be measured, was used. Measurement was repeated after one week (Experiment 1) or immediately (Experiment 2). Explicit attitudes towards gay men as assessed by way of questionnaires were positive and stable across situations. Implicit attitudes were relatively negative instead. Internal consistency of the implicit attitude assessment was exemplary. However, the within-situation consistency was accompanied by considerable unexplained between-situation variability. Consequently, it may not be adequate to interpret an individual implicit attitude measured at a given point in time as a person-related, trait-like factor.

When Do Auditors Use Specialists' Work to Improve Problem Representations of and Judgments about Complex Estimates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Specific Expertise ◽  
Problem Representations

ABSTRACT Auditors are more likely to identify misstatements in complex estimates if they recognize problematic patterns among an estimate's underlying assumptions. Rich problem representations aid pattern recognition, but auditors likely have difficulty developing them given auditors' limited domain-specific expertise in this area. In two experiments, I predict and find that a relational cue in a specialist's work highlighting aggressive assumptions improves auditors' problem representations and subsequent judgments about estimates. However, this improvement only occurs when a situational factor (e.g., risk) increases auditors' epistemic motivation to incorporate the cue into their problem representations. These results suggest that auditors do not always respond to cues in specialists' work. More generally, this study highlights the role of situational factors in increasing auditors' epistemic motivation to develop rich problem representations, which contribute to high-quality audit judgments in this and other domains where pattern recognition is important.

scholarly journals The Intersection of Firearms and Intimate Partner Homicide in 15 Nations

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
April M. Zeoli ◽  
Rebecca Malinski ◽  
Hannah Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Intimate Partner Homicide ◽  
Weapon Use ◽  
Cross National

Intimate partners commit approximately one in three homicides against women worldwide. Little is known about situational factors that contribute to intimate partner homicides (IPH) and how they may differ across nations. This article provides a cross-national exploration of one situational factor, the use of firearms in the commission of homicides, and considers whether nations have laws designed specifically to keep firearms out of the hands of batterers. We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research and governmental and nongovernmental reports for data on weapon use in IPH. Data were located for 15 nations and subnational areas, which varied from firearms being involved in no IPHs in Fiji to 59% in Antalya, Turkey. Seven nations have legislation that addresses gun ownership as it relates to those who have been charged with, convicted of, or show a propensity toward the commission of intimate partner violence. These laws vary in whether domestic violence is a factor considered in whether to allow firearm ownership or whether it served to disqualify ownership. Due to the small number of nations for which data on weapon use in IPH were located, we did not conduct any hypothesis testing. There is a need for detailed homicide surveillance systems among nations so that researchers can explore the epidemiology of these homicides and ultimately identify opportunities for intervention.

Sources of Competitive Stress in Young Female Athletes

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
MichaeI W. Passer
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
Competitive Game

This field study examined the intrapersonal and situational factors related to the stress experienced by 10- to 12-year-old girls participating in competitive youth soccer. Factors potentially related to competitive stress were assessed at preseason, midseason, pregame, and postgame periods. Competitive stress, measured by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory for Children, was assessed 30 min. prior to and immediately following a competitive game. Results indicated that higher pregame stress was related to high competitive trait anxiety and basal state anxiety as well as low self-esteem and team performance expectancies. The situational factor of game outcome (win, tie, loss) was the predominant variable associated with stress exhibited after the game, with losers evidencing the highest and winners the lowest postgame stress. The most important intrapersonal factor related to postgame stress was the amount of fun experienced during the game. The findings were quite similar to previous field research with young male soccer players, indicating that both sexes seem to share common sources of stress.

scholarly journals The benign online disinhibition effect: Could situational factors induce self-disclosure and prosocial behaviors?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Lapidot-Lefler ◽  
Azy Barak
Keyword(s):  
Eye Contact ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Disinhibition Effect ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Joint Solution ◽  
Online Disinhibition

The current study, which focuses on the benign effects of disinhibition, was designed as a continuation of an earlier study conducted on the toxic effects of online disinhibition (Lapidot-Lefler & Barak, 2012). Using a factorial design, the study examined the effects of three online situational factors—anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye contact—on inducing self-disclosure and prosocial behaviors as expressions of benign online disinhibition. Random pairs of adult strangers (n = 144) discussed a dilemma and were required to reach a joint solution using online chat. Self-disclosure and prosocial behavior effects were measured using participants’ self-reports, expert judges’ ratings of chat transcripts, and textual analyses of the conversations. Results suggested that the interaction between anonymity and invisibility had a significant effect on the revealing of emotions. Lack of eye contact, the interaction between anonymity and invisibility and the interaction between lack of eye contact and invisibility had a significant effect on the inducement of first-person words. The interaction between anonymity, invisibility and lack of eye contact had significant effects on the total self-disclosure score, yet no significant effects were found for prosocial behaviors. A discussion of the findings with regard to previous research on toxic online disinhibition suggests that different factors play a role in the inducement of benign vs. toxic online disinhibition effects. More research is required to substantiate current findings and determine the nature of the contribution of each situational factor.

Coping Style and Its Role in Coping with Stressful Encounters

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Heszen-Niejodek
Keyword(s):  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
The Individual

Early stress research tended to focus on the situational determinants of coping behavior, overlooking individual differences in responses. In this article an interactional approach to the description and explanation of coping with stress is suggested. It is presumed that coping behavior, like other forms of human behavior, depends on an interaction between situational and individual factors. From among individual factors, coping style is selected as a dispositional variable which indirectly determines coping behavior. This is defined as a repertoire of strategies available to cope with stressful encounters that are specific for an individual. A “trait-state” distinction is made between coping style as a disposition and actual coping behavior, a process composed of activated coping strategies. The attitude towards information concerning the stressful event is assumed to be the basic property of the individual coping style. Of the situational factors, controllability is regarded as a variable of special importance for coping behavior, because in controllable situations information processing concerning the stressor is adaptive, while in uncontrollable situations it has a little value. Two studies on coping with somatic illness, conducted by the author and her coworkers, are presented as examples of applying the interactional approach in research on coping with stress. In the second, more comprehensive and longitudinal study, 259 patients participated. Their coping style was evaluated using an adaptation of the MBSS. They represented illnesses differing in controllability. Results have confirmed the superiority of the interactional approach, compared with an approach including only the situational factor, in the explanation of coping behavior.

scholarly journals Are managers open to involvement in employee retirement? The influence of manager psycho-social characteristics, decision-making environment and older employee situational factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELEANOR M. M. DAVIES ◽  
BEATRICE I. J. M. VAN DER HEIJDEN ◽  
JOHN STEPHENSON
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Environment Variables

ABSTRACTThe changing retirement landscape calls on employers to develop practices that respond to individuals’ retirement needs. Line managers are a key stakeholder in managing retirement and this study focuses on how they respond to employee retirement scenarios. This empirical work examines manager openness to involvement in retirement, focusing on three sets of explanatory variables: manager psycho-social characteristics (experience of managing older workers, intention to work past 65), their decision-making environment (influence, discretion and decision-making support) and older employee situational factors (performance, ease of replacement, retirement affect and attitude to work). Data were collected from 129 managers in the United Kingdom's university sector using survey items and a factorial vignette design. The multi-level analysis found support for each category of variables in predicting manager openness to involvement in employee retirement. Managers with more experience of managing older workers were more likely to be open to involvement although managers’ own retirement intentions were not significant as a predictor. Decision-making environment variables were significant predictors of manager openness to involvement. The only older employee situational factor that was associated with manager openness to involvement was employee performance. Practically, organisations need to recognise the potential influence that managers have on employee retirement decisions and this study's findings show that managers may need training to help them understand their own role in supporting older employee retirement.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STORE ENVIRONMENT TERHADAP RESPON EMOSI POSITIF DAN IMPULSE BUYING YANG DIMODERASI SITUATIONAL FACTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2071
Author(s):  
I Made Agus Indrawan ◽  
Ida Bagus Sudiksa
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Store Environment

The purpose of this study is to identify factors that significantly affect unplanned impulse buying or buying, namely store environment factors, positive emotional responses, and situational factors. Research samples were 90 respondents (consumers) of Ramayana Mall Denpasar. Methods of data collection carried out through questionnaires and analysis techniques used are simple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the analysis found that store environment has a positive and significant influence on positive emotional response, positive emotional response has a positive and significant influence on the behavior of impulse buying, and situational factors strengthen the influence of positive emotional responses to impulse buying behavior. Keywords: store environment, positive emotional response, impulse buying, situational factor

Shopping Centre Patronage: Situational Factors Against Affect

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Pedro Quelhas Brito ◽  
Peter J. McGoldrick ◽  
Umesh Ramchandra Raut
Keyword(s):  
Situational Factors ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Retail Managers ◽  
Hedonic Utilitarian ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to understand to what extent hedonic and utilitarian consumer profiles are affected by situational factors and how in turn they impact shopping centre patronage. A six step multiple regression analysis corresponding to six different shopping centres has been applied to two clusters of consumers. The data are based on consumers’ hedonic/utilitarian customer profile. First, results show that in general the impact on shopping centre patronage is largely affected by proximity, convenience and accessibility variables, which are more relevant among the utilitarian profile consumers. On the other hand, in the hedonic profile segment, affect, that is, the experience of feeling or emotion is the relevant variable explaining patronage. Second, the predictive contribution of these variables on patronage varied according to the shopping centres’ positioning. With the findings of the present study, retail managers can formulate marketing strategies, which will attract retail consumers towards their shopping centre and also help them to enhance the significant factors that influence retail store consumer’s purchase decision. Also, this investigation contributes to the diagnosis of how consistent is the retailers’ in their positioning strategy in targeting the market segments. The present research integrates both situational factors and hedonic as well as utilitarian consumer profiles along with the role of situational dynamics to explain shopping centres’ patronage.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Situational Factor on Recycling Behaviour in Determining the Quality of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saripah Abdul Latif ◽  
Mohd Shukri Omar ◽  
Yeop Hussin Bidin ◽  
Zainudin Awang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling

Failure in managing solid waste could result in environmental deterioration, which affects the quality of life. Recycling is argued to be a better solution to the problem. Although consumers’ awareness is increasing, participations in recycling are still low. The objective is to examine the influence of situational factors on recycling behaviour. Using cluster sampling, 300 respondents from selected urban areas in Malaysia were identified as samples. Data is analysed using structural equation modeling. Situational factors are non- significant predictors of recycling behaviour, but are significant predictors of intention to recycle. The findings have significant policy implications in ensuring the quality of life of societies. Keywords: Quality of Life; Solid Waste Management; Intention to Recycle; Recycling Behaviour; Situational Factors   eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document