scholarly journals The effect of Centella asiatica L. Urban. and Curcuma longa L. extracts combination in improving memory performance in stroke model rats and its acute toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Gofir ◽  
Mawaddah Ar Rochmah ◽  
Samekto Wibowo ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi ◽  
Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Stroke Model ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 1

Post-stroke cognitive impairment involves memory, visuoconstructional, and spatial dysfunctions. Centella asiatica L. Urban. and Curcuma longa L. are both well-known herbs in South and South-East Asia countries that are believed to possess neuroprotective properties as memory enhancers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of C. asiatica L. Urban. and C. longa L. extracts combination in improving memory performance in stroke model rats and its acute toxicity. Twenty-five Wistar rats underwent transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Y-maze pre-test was performed 24 h after the occlusion. The rats were then divided into five groups i.e. Group 1 received NaCMC dilution, Group 2 received donepezil 0. 7 mg/kg BW/day, and Groups 3, 4, and 5 received the extracts combination with dose of 59; 118; and 236 mg/kg BW/day, respectively. Y-maze post-test was performed 24 h after the last dose had been given. Spontaneous alternation behavior was used as the indicator of working memory measurement. The fixed-dose method according to OECD Guideline was used to estimate the LD50 in acute toxicity testing on Wistar rats. There was a significant difference in the delta spontaneous alternation percentage among groups tested (p<0. 05). Group 1 had significant difference with any other group (compared to Groups 2 to 5; p<0.05). No significant difference could be found between groups of the extracts combination and donepezil group suggesting that the effect is not more inferior nor dose-dependent in improving memory performance. The extracts combination at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg BW did not show related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the rats during the 14-day observation period. In conclusion, the C. asiatica L. Urban. and C. longa L. extracts combination can improve performance of memory on stroke model animal. According to Globally Harmonized Classification System, the extracts combination can be classified as Category 5/unclassified.

scholarly journals Examination of Haematotoxicity of Fixed-Dose Highly Active Antiretroviral Drug in Albino Wistar Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Thomas Nubila ◽  
Ernest O. Ukaejiofo ◽  
Nkoyo I. Nubila ◽  
Godfrey I. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Significant Difference

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is considered toxic and has other life-threatening side effects. Our aim was to evaluate the haematotoxic effects of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine fixed-dose combinations in Albino Wistar rats. Fifty (50) three (3) months old male Albino Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were randomly assigned to five (5) groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Group A served as control. Two (2 mLs) of venous blood was aseptically collected on Days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 of treatment. Red blood cell (RBC) mean value recorded statistically significant increase () in groups B and C when compared with the control group on Day 5. However, there was a statistically significant decrease () in RBC, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and some red cell indices on Day 10. In addition there was no statistically significant difference () in all the parameters evaluated when the test group was compared with the control on Day 25. Furthermore, there was a time-related statistically significant increase () in the two major blood cells—RBC and platelet counts. From the result of this present study, it can be concluded that HAART when administered in fixed-dose combinations have no subacute haematotoxic effects.

scholarly journals The effect of ethanol extract of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
BAARID LUQMAN HAMIDI ◽  
SAMIGUN SAMIGUN ◽  
ANIK LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Radial Maze ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Hamidi BL, Samigun, Lestari A. 2010. The effect of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress. Biofarmasi 8: 11-16. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) after treated with restraint stress by measuring the eight arms radial maze performance of rats. Pre-test and post-test controlled groups design was applied in this research. Male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) with the mean age of 8 weeks and the body weight of 150-200 grams which used for sample were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group consisted of 6 rats, i.e. (i) control group (without any treatment), (ii) stress group (it was given by restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat), (iii) pegagan group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan), and (iv) pegagan and stress group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan and restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat). The treatments were given for 21 days. Within 12 days for each pre-treatment and post-treatment, a test on the eight arm radial maze was conducted on individual rat to observe its performance. The assessment of rat performance in the eight arms radial maze test was conducted based on error type B. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with SPSS for Windows 16 version were applied to analyze statistically the difference between four groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to show the significant performance level difference between four groups of rats with p=0.001, while Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the significant difference between stress group and pegagan group (p=0.001), also stress group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.001). The result of research showed that there was no significant difference between control group and stress group (p=0.051), control group and pegagan group (p=0.143), control group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.143), also pegagan group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.952). It was concluded that extract ethanol of pegagan improved the performances of rats on the eight arms radial maze after treated with restraint stress.

scholarly journals Chemoprevention by celecoxib in reflux-induced gastric adenocarcinoma in Wistar rats that underwent gastrojejunostomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Theobaldo Ramos Rocha ◽  
Laercio Gomes Lourenço ◽  
Mário Jorge Jucá ◽  
Valéria Costa ◽  
Antenor Teixeira Leal
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Gastrojejunal Anastomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Laparotomy Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate chemoprevention by celecoxib in cases of reflux-induced gastric adenocarcinoma, in Wistar rats that underwent gastrojejunostomy. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats of average age three months underwent surgery and were distributed into three groups: group 1, exploratory laparotomy; group 2, gastrojejunostomy; and group 3, gastrojejunostomy and daily celecoxib administration. After 53 weeks, the animals were sacrificed. Changes in the mucosa of the gastric body of group 1 and in the gastrojejunal anastomosis of groups 2 and 3, observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, were compared. All statistical analyses were performed using Epi-Info®, version 3.4.3. RESULTS: Comparison between groups 2 and 3 relative to the presence of adenocarcinoma showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.0023). Analysis of the association between groups 2 and 3 relative to COX-2 expression also showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.0018). CONCLUSION: Celecoxib had an inhibiting effect on gastric carcinogenesis induced by enterogastric reflux in an animal model.

scholarly journals The effects of local nitroglycerin on the surgical delay procedure in prefabricated flaps by vascular implant in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Zacchê de Sá ◽  
José Lamartine de Andrade Aguiar ◽  
Adriana Ferreira Cruz ◽  
Alexandre Ricardo Pereira Schuler ◽  
José Ricardo Alves de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Delay Procedure ◽  
Surgical Delay ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prefabricated Flap ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of local nitroglycerin on the viable area of a prefabricated flap for vascular implant in rats, and to investigate the surgical delay procedure. METHODS: A femoral pedicle was implanted under the skin of the abdominal wall in forty Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups of ten: group 1 - without surgical delay procedure and local nitroglycerin; group 2 - with surgical delay procedure, but without local nitroglycerin; group 3 - without surgical delay procedure, but with local nitroglycerin; and group 4 - with simultaneous surgical delay procedure and local nitroglycerin. The percentages of the viable areas, in relation to the total flap, were calculated using AutoCAD R 14. RESULTS: The mean percentage value of the viable area was 8.9% in the group 1. 49.4% in the group 2; 8.4% in the group 3 and 1.1% in the group 4. There was significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.005), 1 and 4 (p=0.024), 2 and 3 (p=0.003), 2 and 4 (p=0.001). These results support the hypothesis that the closure of the arterial venous channels is responsible for the phenomenon of surgical delay procedure. CONCLUSION: Local nitroglycerin did not cause an increase in the prefabricated viable flap area by vascular implantation and decreased the viable flap area that underwent delay procedures.

scholarly journals Toxicity Studies on Aqueous Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis Extract of Kidneys and Its Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
U. Abubakar ◽  
J. O. Adisa ◽  
U. Mohammed ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany  in  English, Aganwo  in  Yoruba,  Madachi  in  Hausa  and  Ono  in  Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35m tall, rarely 45m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip. Aim: The  aim of  the study  was  to determine  the Toxic  effect of prolonged oral administration  of  the  aqueous stem bark of  Khaya senegalensis extract  on the histology of  Kidneys and its biochemical parameters in wistar rats. Methods: This work is an experimental research. A total of 20 wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups each of which consist of 4 rats. Group 1 received distilled water to serve as control while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 500 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw 2000 mg/kg bw  and 4000 mg/kg bw of the aqueous extract respectively for 60 days after which they were sacrificed, processed in Automatic Tissue Processor machine, Sectioned and stained with H &E. Results: There was statistical significant increase in urea and potassium in all the test groups but is not dose dependent. The creatinine was significantly increased in groups 2, 4 and 5. While other parameters such as sodium, chloride and bicarbonate no significant difference when compared to the control group. The kidney sections showed normal structure in group 1 when compared with the test groups. However, there was significant infiltration of inflammatory cell across all the groups which were suggestive of kidney damage or injury. Similarly phenomenon was noticed in group 5 with additional congestion in the glomerulus and more polymorphs seen. Conclusion: The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, 400 mg/kgbw was used as higher dose in the experimental wistar rats. There were statistical significant increases in some parameters groups while some groups not significant. The kidney section showed significant infiltration of polymorphs across all the groups more marked in group 5 with distension and damaging of the glomerulus indicating renal injury.

scholarly journals Black sugarcane decoction reduces rat brain ischemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Ety Sari Handayani ◽  
Zainuri Sabta Nugraha ◽  
Titis Nurmasitoh ◽  
Kuswati Kuswati ◽  
Dwi N. Ahsani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Stroke Model ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background<br />There are people in Yogyakarta, who use black sugarcane decoction (BSD) to prevent stroke. BSD contains policosanol and antioxidants. It has been proven that policosanol can reduce global ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. This study aims to evaluate the effect of BSD on brain ischemia in a rat stroke model. <br /><br />Methods<br />A laboratory experiment using eighteen 3-month old male Wistar rats without any defects, of 175-250 g body weight. Brain ischemia was produced by a 20-minute bilateral carotid communis artery oclusion (BCCAO).  Using a rat stroke model, brain ischemia was produced by a 20-minute BCCAO. The rats were randomized into three groups: BSD treated stroke model rats (group 1), non treated stroke model rats (group 2), and sham operated rats (group 3). BSD was administered by gavage for 1 week before BCCAO. Decapitation of rats was performed two hours post BCCAO. Brain tissues were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Ischemic areas were analyzed using Image J softwere. Statistical analysis was conducted by one way ANOVA test.<br /><br />Results<br />The mean percentages of rat brain ischemic area differed between group 3 (0.0 ± 0.0%), group 2 (3.13 ± 0.59%) and group 1 (1.15 ± 0.47%) p =0.001). Post hoc test showed that there was no difference between group 3 with group 1. Instead, there was a significant difference between  group 2 and the other groups.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />The administration of BSD reduced rat brain ischemia after bilateral carotid artery ligation.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Concomitantly Administered Phenytoin with Rivaroxaban

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Karnakar Reddy ◽  
T. Ramamohan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interactions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cyp3a4 Inducer ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In the present investigation it was aimed to evaluate any possible pharmacokinetic interactions between Phenytoin and Rivaroxaban. Study was conducted in Male Wistar rats; animals were divided into three groups. Group 1 received Phenytoin alone, Group 2 received Rivaroxaban alone and Group 3 received Phenytoin and Rivaroxaban concomitantly. The treatment was given for 8 days and the blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 8. The samples were analyzed by HPLC. The results were showed no significant difference in the Pharmacokinetic parameters of Phenytoin in presence of Rivaroxaban. Whereas Rivaroxaban showed significant decrease in both Cmax and tmax in combination with Phenytoin. Phenytoin is a combined-gp inducer and strong CYP3A4 inducer therefore it may induce the metabolism of Rivaroxaban so it reduces the concentrations and increase the elimination rate. Based on the results obtained from pharmacokinetic study it was evident that the single dose of Rivaroxaban in combination with Phenytoin shows statistically significant interactions in its pharmacokinetic parameters.

Effect of Centella asiatica Ethanol Extract in Spatial Working Memory on Adult Male Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6109-6111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auliyani Andam Suri ◽  
Astri Handayani ◽  
Adibah Ferhad ◽  
Siti Farida ◽  
Sri Redjeki
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Male Adult

Cognitive decline can be started at early adult. It may be prevented with administration of Centella asiatica (CeA). CeA already known has some medicinal values for the brain such as to increase dendritic growth, to improve cognitive function and memory performance in rats after chronic stress. Objective: This study is aimed to investigate effect CeA ethanol extract on spatial working memory of normal adult male rats. Eighteen normal adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control/aquadest group and two groups treated with different doses (mg/kg) of CeA: 300 (CeA300) and 600 (CeA600). Ethanol extract of CeA were administrated orally for 28 consecutive days with weekly weight-adjusted dose. Memory performance was tested using Y-Maze before, on 14th days of treatment and after treatment. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Mann-Whitney test. Result: Treatment groups showed a better spatial working memory performance than control group, but there were no significant result between CeA300 and CeA600 groups (p < 0.05). Ethanol extract of CeA prevents spatial working memory decline on normal male adult Wistar rats. The optimum dosage of CeA might be 300 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Biochemical Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Honey in Oral Mucosal Ulcers

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nergiz Yılmaz ◽  
Özlem Nisbet ◽  
Cevat Nisbet ◽  
Gözlem Ceylan ◽  
Fatih Hoşgör ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the therapeutic value of honey in oral mucosal ulcers healing in comparison with Glyceroloxytriester (TGO). We also aimed to biochemically evaluate the healing effects of honey which had been collected from the Blacksea region flora on mucosal ulcers resulting in material loss.Thirty wistar rats (240±30 g) were enrolled in this study. Excisional wounds were performed in all rats for animal oral mucosal ulcer model. They were randomly allocated to three groups: group 1 was treated with Apitherapeutic agent or honey (0,1 ml, 2x1), group 2 was treated with TGO (0,1ml, 2x1) locally, Group 3 served as the control group.Following the surgical procedure on day 7, biopsy specimens were taken from right buccal mucosa and on day 14 biopsy specimens were taken from left bucal mucosa in all rats. Afterwards, hydroxy pyroline levels were measured. Data were analyzed statisticallyThere was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and 2, and also between Group 2 and 3, but there was statistically significant difference between Group 1 and 3 on day 7. There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1, 2 and 3 on day 14.

scholarly journals Absence of mutagenic effect of Mikania glomerata hydroalcoholic extract on adult wistar rats in vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia da Silveira e Sá ◽  
Magda Narciso Leite ◽  
Vera Maria Peters ◽  
Martha de Oliveira Guerra ◽  
Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mikania Glomerata ◽  
Group 1

This work makes an assessment of the dominant lethality of Mikania glomerata in male Wistar rats. Adult male received 1 mL of M. glomerata hydroalcoholic extract at a dose level of 3.3 g/kg body weight for 52 days and were mated with untreated females for seven weeks (group 1) or one week prior to the beginning of treatment and on the week following the end of treatment (group 2). The parameters analyzed were: number of implanted embryos, resorptions and corpora lutea; mating, gestation, preimplantation loss, implantation and resorption indexes (group 1); number of offspring and weaning animals (group 2). The administration of M. glomerata did not show any impairment of fertility and no significant difference in the parameters analyzed, suggesting an absence of mutagenic effect on Wistar rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document