The effect of ethanol extract of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress

Hamidi BL, Samigun, Lestari A. 2010. The effect of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress. Biofarmasi 8: 11-16. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) after treated with restraint stress by measuring the eight arms radial maze performance of rats. Pre-test and post-test controlled groups design was applied in this research. Male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) with the mean age of 8 weeks and the body weight of 150-200 grams which used for sample were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group consisted of 6 rats, i.e. (i) control group (without any treatment), (ii) stress group (it was given by restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat), (iii) pegagan group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan), and (iv) pegagan and stress group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan and restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat). The treatments were given for 21 days. Within 12 days for each pre-treatment and post-treatment, a test on the eight arm radial maze was conducted on individual rat to observe its performance. The assessment of rat performance in the eight arms radial maze test was conducted based on error type B. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with SPSS for Windows 16 version were applied to analyze statistically the difference between four groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to show the significant performance level difference between four groups of rats with p=0.001, while Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the significant difference between stress group and pegagan group (p=0.001), also stress group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.001). The result of research showed that there was no significant difference between control group and stress group (p=0.051), control group and pegagan group (p=0.143), control group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.143), also pegagan group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.952). It was concluded that extract ethanol of pegagan improved the performances of rats on the eight arms radial maze after treated with restraint stress.

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Centella asiatica increases B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in rat prefrontal cortex

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2015.v34.10-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Kuswati Kuswati ◽

Djoko Prakosa ◽

Brian Wasita ◽

Nanang Wiyono

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

B Cell ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Stress Group ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

BACKGROUND Stress is one of the factors that cause apoptosis in neuronal cells. Centella asiatica has a neuroprotective effect that can inhibit apoptosis. This study aimed to examine the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats.METHODS An experimental study was conducted on 34 brain tissue samples from male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to chronic restraint stress for 21 days. The samples were taken from following groups: non-stress group K, negative control group P1 (stress + arabic gum powder), P2 (stress + C.asiatica at 150 mg/kgBW), P3 (stress + C.asiatica at 300 mg/kg BW), P4 (stress + C.asiatica at 600 mg/kg body weight) and positive control group P5 (stress + fluoxetine at 10 mg/kgBW). The samples were made into sections that were stained immunohistochemically using Bcl-2 antibody to determine the percentage of cells expressing Bcl-2. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test followed by a post - hoc test.RESULTS There were significant differences in mean Bcl-2 expression between the groups receiving Centella asiatica compared with the non-stress group and stress-only group (negative control group) (p<0.05). The results were comparable to those of the fluoxetine treatment group.CONCLUSIONThe Centella asiatica ethanol extract was able to increase Bcl-2 expression in the prefrontal cortex of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to restraint stress. This study suggests that Centella asiatica may be useful in the treatment of cerebral stress.

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The Effect of Pegagan (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) Ethanol Extracts on Hippocampal PSD-95 Protein Expression in Male Wistar Rats

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.33476 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Adibah Ferhad ◽

Auliyani Andam Suri ◽

Astri Handayani ◽

Sri Redjeki ◽

Ria Kodariah

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Memory Function ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Immunohistochemical Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

One effort to overcome the decline in memory function is through herbal medicine. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) contain the active components of triterpenoid and flavonoids, has been known to be able to improve memory function. Synaptic plasticity is the basis of memory formation which is strongly influenced by synapse proteins such as PSD-95. Loss of PSD-95 protein can cause memory function decline. This study aims to determine the effect of 70% ethanol extract of pegagan toward PSD-95 protein expression on hippocampus of male Wistar rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 rats/group: group (1) given ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 300 mg / kgBW / day (CA300), (2) given ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 600 mg / kgBW / day (CA600), and (3) control group (K), given daily aquadest. All three groups were treated for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, rats were decapitated and the hippocampus was isolated from the brain. Analysis of protein was done by immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was performed by One Way ANOVA parametric test followed by Post-Hoc Bonferroni. The results showed that there was no significant difference between group K and group CA300 (P = 0.123), whereas there were significant differences between CA600 group and K group and CA300 group (P = 0.000). From this research, it can be concluded that 70% ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 600mg / kgBW / day can increase expression of PSD-95 protein on hippocampus of male Wistar rat.

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White Turmeric Rhizome Protection Effect of against Lung Tissue Damage in Copper Sulfate-Induced Wistar Rats

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung ◽

10.15395/mkb.v53n1.2211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Linda Chiuman ◽

Fahrul Azmi Tanjung ◽

Djamin Djamin

Keyword(s):

Copper Sulfate ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Copper Contamination ◽

Protection Effect ◽

Positive Group ◽

Significant Difference

One of common heavy metals that pollute rivers in Indonesia is copper, which can damage various organs, including the lungs. As a potential natural herbal medicine, white turmeric rhizome has antioxidant properties that potentially protect the body from copper pollution. This study aimed to explore the potential of the white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma zedoaria) to provide a protective effect on the lungs against copper contamination. This study was an experimental study performed in June 2020 on 25 copper-induced Wistar rats which were divided into five groups: negative group that received 1 ml of copper sulfate suspension at the 12th to 14th day; positive group that received 10 mg/200 g BW of ethanol extract from white turmeric without copper sulfate suspension; and three experimental groups that received 10 mg/200 gBW, 20 mg/200 gBW, and 40 mg/200 gBW of ethanol extract from white turmeric every day, respectively, followed by copper sulfate suspension at the 12th–14th day. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation and the lung was excised and processed for histopathology preparation. The edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and alveolar septal thickness were evaluated from the lung tissue perparation. The score of tissue damage was express as median (Range) and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The result of this study shows that there was a significant difference in lung tissue score among all groups of treatment (p-Value=0.001). The experimental group with highest dosage extract presented a good protection effect as well as the positive group. Hence, white turmeric has a good protective property for the lung against damages caused by copper contamination.

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Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2017.6210 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu ◽

Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor ◽

Emmanuel Kufre Uko ◽

Item Justin Atangwho

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Mean Cell Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Ethanol Extracts

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the different extracts of Chromolaena odorata leave on the hematopoietic system of Wistar rats. Solvent extraction was used for the ethanol and aqueous extractions while decoction method was used for the crude extraction. Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-180 g were used for this study. They were divided into ten groups each containing five rats. The animals were fed the extracts by oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Blood sample was collected via cardiac artery. Hematological parameters were analyzed using automation method. The ethanol extract gave the highest extract yield. The aqueous, ethanol and crude extraction had median lethal toxicity (LD50) of 2738.6 mg/kg, 1581.1 mg/kg and 224.7 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the total white blood cell count was observed in the 75 mg/kg ethanol and 300 mg/kg crude extracts when compared with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the hemoglobin concentration was observed in the 150 mg/kg ethanol extracts when compared with the control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume was seen in the 75 mg/kg aqueous, 150 mg/kg aqueous and 75 mg/kg ethanol extracts in respect to the control group. The mean cell volume, the mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio of the 75 mg/kg aqueous extract were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The present study showed possible treatment-induced hematopoietic function of C. odorata leave extracts.

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Role and Mechanism of Chronic Restraint Stress in Regulating Energy Metabolism and Reproductive Function Through Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons

10.21203/rs.3.rs-622884/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yin-qiong Huang ◽

Junping Wen ◽

Gang Chen

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Restraint Stress ◽

Stress Group ◽

Female Mice ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting energy homeostasis and reproductive function. The hypothalamic Kisspeptin neurons might be a new important central target in stress affecting energy metabolism and reproductive function.The aim of this study is to investigate whether stress affected energy metabolism and reproductive function through the glucocorticoid receptor on Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus. Methods: There were four groups, that were control group, chronic restraint stress group (stress group), Kisspeptin specific glucocorticoid receptor knock out group (KGRKO group) and KGRKO+stress group. Body weight, food intake, the estrous cycle of female mice, serum sex hormone levels, serum corticosterone and prolactin, Kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus were measured. Results: The restraint stress group showed a significant weight loss compared with the control group. Compared with the restraint stress group, the KGRKO+restraint stress group had a reduced weight loss, suggesting that restraint stress might partially affect the energy metabolism through GR on Kisspeptin neurons. In terms of reproductive function, the restraint stress group and the KGRKO+restraint stress group showed missing pre-estrus period or prolonged estrous cycles. Serum LH and FSH in KGRKO + restraint stress group decreased significantly compared with KGRKO group. However, no significant difference in the level of serum testosterone was observed. After restraint stress, the levels of serum cortisol and prolactin in male and female mice were significantly higher than the control group, and the hypothalamus Kiss1 gene mRNA expression and Kisspeptin protein expression were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Chronic restraint stress induced weight loss in mice. Chronic restraint stress played a negative role in regulating reproductive function. The effects of chronic restraint stress on energy metabolism and reproduction were partially mediated by glucocorticoid receptor on Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus.

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Effects of Moringa oleifera on the developing cerebrum of young wistar rats

Anatomy Journal of Africa ◽

10.4314/aja.v8i1.182596 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A Z Abijo ◽

O O Adeeyo ◽

O A Komolafe ◽

O S Saka ◽

V K Abodunrin

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

The Body ◽

Brain Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

High Doses ◽

Group B

The study evaluated the effects of moringa oleifeira on the histoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex, the body weight and brain weight of young wistar rats. Fifteen (15) young wistar rats of both sexes weighing 20-30g were used for this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups (A, B and C) of five rats each. Group A served as control and received distilled water, group B and C received 100 mg/kg and 200mg/kg of moringa oleifera respectively. Treatment lasted for a period of 6 weeks (orally). Rats were weighed and sacrificed under ketamine (30 mg/kg) anaesthesia. The cerebrum was harvested and fixed immediately in 10% formolcalcium, for further histological processing. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Newan-Keuls (SNK) for multiple comparisons. The results showed that there was significant increase in the feed intake of animals in groups B and C starting from the 4th week of administration. There was no significant difference in the relative brain weight and the mean weight of the rats in group B and C when compared with group A. Histological findings revealed that there was slight distortion in group B and more distortion in group C when compared with the normal histoarchitecture in control group A. The results obtained from this study showed that high doses of Moringa oleifera caused damage of some parts of histoarchitecture of the frontal cortex of developing wistarKey words: MORINGA OLEIFERA; Cerebrum; Frontal Cortex

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HISTOLOGICAL VARIANCES OF MORINGA OLIFERA ON THE KIDNEY OF ADULT WISTAR RATS

Innovare Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijms.2021.v9i3.41144 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-38

Author(s):

ADETUNJI OPEYEMI ADEBOLA ◽

OYEWO OLUWATOYIN ◽

ADETUNJI IYABODE TOYIN ◽

NWOBI NNENA LINDA

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Damage Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The One ◽

Convoluted Tubules ◽

Crude Aqueous Extract

Aim and Objectives: Demonstrating the exact quantity of Moringa oleifera (MO) that will cure any hepatocyte diseases and the one that can harm the hepatocytes of the Adult Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats (both sex) were used for the study (caged based on same sex to avoid mating and pregnancy) and were randomly assigned into four groups (n=5); A-Control, B-250 mg/body weight (BW) of MO, C-500 mg/BW of MO, and D-750 mg/BW of MO orally. Result: The crude aqueous extract of MO Lam, shows insignificant increased in BW at the 1st week of administration which latter dropped little by little doing the weeks of the administration in groups (B, C, and D) rats, by comparing (p<0.05) to the control group after MO administration, the organ (Kidneys) shows a significant difference between the kidneys (left and right kidneys) in relation to the control group rats. MO increases the weight of the animals morphologically by comparing the weight of the animals before and after administration. Histological sections shows a normal Glomerulli, Peri-Glomerular Space, Convoluted Tubules, and Interstitium, after administration of the Crude Aqueous Extract of MO lame in terms with the control group rats. Conclusion: MO is a good herb that has no damage effect on the body and hepatocytes but of more beneficial.

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Organ-Protective Effect of Red Ginger Extracts in Male Mice Induced by Paraquat

Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati ◽

10.23960/jbekh.v6i2.24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 8-17

Author(s):

Kamiliah Tsany ◽

Sutyarso Sutyarso ◽

M. Kanedi ◽

Hendri Busman

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lung Histology ◽

Red Ginger

Paraquat is a toxic compound that disrupts biochemical processes in the body, cell death, and multi-organ failure. The liver and lung are the target organ of paraquat toxicity. The body needs antioxidants to counteract free radicals. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb. Var rubrum) is a spice that contains antioxidants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb. Var rubrum) on liver and lung histology male mice induced by paraquat. The research used completely randomized design and use of 6 treatment groups, i.e. control group (given distilled water and standard feed), PQ group (induced by paraquat 20 mg/kg per BW), group P1 (given paraquat and ethanol extracts of red ginger 200 mg/kg per BW), group P2 (given paraquat and ethanol extract of red ginger 400 mg/kg per BW), group P3 (given paraquat and ethanol extract of red ginger 600 mg/kg per BW), group P4 (given ethanol extract of red ginger extract 600 mg/kg per BW). The data obtained will be tested using One Way ANOVA and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed ethanol extract of red ginger effective against liver and lung histology male mice induced by paraquat. The results also showed ethanol extract of red ginger with a dose of 400 mg/kg per BW is effective in protecting the liver and lung from damage caused induced by paraquat.

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Effect of Ethanol Extract of Mangosteen Peel on Serum Malondialdehyde and Leukotriene B4 Levels in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strain Exposed with Electric Cigarette Smoke

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v56i4.24612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 283

Author(s):

Jemima Lewi Santoso ◽

Harianto Notopuro ◽

Ema Qurnianingsih

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Leukotriene B4 ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

White Rats ◽

Mangosteen Peel ◽

Significant Difference

This study aims to analyze the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract at different doses can reduce levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke. Electric cigarette induces mitochondrial ROS production and triggers oxidative stress. Antioxidants are needed by the body if there are many free radicals, for example mangosteen peel. This laboratory experimental study uses a randomized post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into 5 groups randomly (KK, KR, P1, P2, P3). KK given 0.5% Na-CMC, KR given smoke and 0.5% Na-CMC, P1, P2, P3 given smoke and mangosteen peel ethanol extract 100, 200, 300 mg / kg weight. Data were tested for normality and homogeneity tests. Data distribution was found not normal. Data were tested by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis Test results showed significant differences in MDA and LTB4 levels in each experimental group (KS, KR, P1, P2 and P3), p <0.05. Mann-Whitney test results showed a significant difference in the MDA levels of the KR against P3 and in the LTB4 level of the KR against P2 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study was the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract can reduce MDA and LTB4 levels serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke.

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Fetal myocardial hypertrophy in an experimental model of gestational diabetes

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951101000956 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 609-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Honório S. Menezes ◽

Marinez Barra ◽

André R. Belló ◽

Cristiano B. Martins ◽

Paulo Zielinsky

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Ventricular Septum ◽

Control Group ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Nuclear Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diabetic Mothers

Introduction: The frequent occurrence of prenatal hypertrophy of the muscular ventricular septum has been widely reported in fetuses of diabetic mothers. Objectives: This experimental study was carried out to test the hypothesis that the weight of the heart, the ratio of the cardiac weight to that of the body, the thickness of the muscular ventricular septum, and the myocytic profile within the ventricular septum are all increased in fetuses of diabetic rats in comparison to fetuses of normal rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in 5 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 fetuses, on the eighth day after conception, by intraperitoneal injection of 50mg/kg of streptozotocin. Five normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 20 fetuses, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained by a computer-assisted method applied to the measurements of the thickness of the ventricular septum, and myocytic nuclear area. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean thickness of the septum was 675.56 μm (± 159) in the control fetuses, and 904.39 μm (± 262) in the fetuses carried by diabetic mothers (p < 0.001). The cardiac weight was 0.016 g (± 0.004) in the control group, and 0.023 g (± 0.005) in the group of diabetic fetuses (p < 0.001). The ratio of cardiac to body weight was 0.294% (± 0.079) in the control group, and 0.514% (± 0.073) in the diabetic group (p < 0.001). The myocytic nuclear area was 14.70 μm2 in the control group, and 21.43 μm2 in the diabetic group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The presence of cellular and morphologic cardiac hypertrophy in fetuses of diabetic rats was demonstrated by the significant difference between the two groups for each analyzed feature.

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