scholarly journals Determination of Boiler Building Verticality in Power Plant Construction using Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Bagas Setiawan ◽  
Yulaikhah Yulaikhah ◽  
Ruli Andaru
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Major Direction ◽  
Positive Axis

Nowadays, Indonesian government is focusing on build up infrastructures, especially power plant infrastructures to fulfil electrical energy needs. One of the power plants that will be built up is Waai power plant which located on Waai village, Maluku Province. Waai power plant had been postponed since 2014. In order to build this power plant, the advisability of the building needed to be checked from its verticality level. This level was determined by Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). The TLS’s point clouds were registered using two methods, there are target to target and cloud to cloud methods. There are 65 beams on the power plant boiler building, but only 31 beams that used as the samples to assign the verticality of the boiler construction. The verticality level was set on the X-axis, Y-axis, and the resultant of the X and Y axis by using Pythagoras theorem after the bottom and top coordinates from each beam was determined. The Queensland Building and Construction Admission Standards and Tolerances Guide 2016 was used as tolerance of verticality level. The result of the verticality calculation presented on the X-axis consisted from -0ᵒ 1’ 26,678” to 0ᵒ 4’ 11,778” with the average was 0ᵒ 1’ 40,820” and major direction pointed the positive axis. On the Y-axis, the average was -0ᵒ 0’ 45,772” with -0ᵒ 3’ 33,345” as minimum and 0ᵒ 1’ 25,319” as the maximum and the major direction went to the negative axis. The verticality on the resultant of X and Y axis was from 0ᵒ 0’ 45,225” until 0ᵒ 4’ 15,674” with the average was 0ᵒ 2’ 27,057” and the direction was to the southeast. After the verticality number was compared with the tolerance, the verticality level was smaller than the standard on each beam. From the result, we can conclude that the boiler building on the Waai power plant can be categorized safe to reconstruct.

scholarly journals The Refrigerated Gas and Vapor Turbine Cycle

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilbert Anderson ◽  
F. M. Laucks
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plant ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Competitive Efficiency

As electrical energy consumption has continued to rise in the United States, and producers of electricity search for power plants requiring less installation time, the gas turbine has emerged as a significant contributor to our nation’s energy needs. Despite a thermal efficiency disadvantage as compared to a conventional steam power plant, it has nevertheless played an increasingly larger role in the production of electrical power. A scheme is here presented whereby the output of a given gas turbine can be increased by more than 60% and its efficiency increased by 30%, thus making it more competitive efficiency-wise with the conventional steam power plant.

scholarly journals Fitting Terrestrial Laser Scanner Point Clouds with T-Splines: Local Refinement Strategy for Rigid Body Motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Gaël Kermarrec ◽  
Niklas Schild ◽  
Jan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
Local Refinement ◽  
Surface Approximation

T-splines have recently been introduced to represent objects of arbitrary shapes using a smaller number of control points than the conventional non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) or B-spline representatizons in computer-aided design, computer graphics and reverse engineering. They are flexible in representing complex surface shapes and economic in terms of parameters as they enable local refinement. This property is a great advantage when dense, scattered and noisy point clouds are approximated using least squares fitting, such as those from a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). Unfortunately, when it comes to assessing the goodness of fit of the surface approximation with a real dataset, only a noisy point cloud can be approximated: (i) a low root mean squared error (RMSE) can be linked with an overfitting, i.e., a fitting of the noise, and should be correspondingly avoided, and (ii) a high RMSE is synonymous with a lack of details. To address the challenge of judging the approximation, the reference surface should be entirely known: this can be solved by printing a mathematically defined T-splines reference surface in three dimensions (3D) and modeling the artefacts induced by the 3D printing. Once scanned under different configurations, it is possible to assess the goodness of fit of the approximation for a noisy and potentially gappy point cloud and compare it with the traditional but less flexible NURBS. The advantages of T-splines local refinement open the door for further applications within a geodetic context such as rigorous statistical testing of deformation. Two different scans from a slightly deformed object were approximated; we found that more than 40% of the computational time could be saved without affecting the goodness of fit of the surface approximation by using the same mesh for the two epochs.

Performance Testing of Coal Fired Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane E. Powers ◽  
William C. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Test Program

With the renewed interest in the construction of coal-fired power plants in the United States, there has also been an increased interest in the methodology used to calculate/determine the overall performance of a coal fired power plant. This methodology is detailed in the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code, which provides an excellent framework for determining the power output and heat rate of coal fired power plants. Unfortunately, the power industry has been slow to adopt this methodology, in part because of the lack of some details in the Code regarding the planning needed to design a performance test program for the determination of coal fired power plant performance. This paper will expand on the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code by discussing key concepts that need to be addressed when planning an overall plant performance test of a coal fired power plant. The most difficult aspect of calculating coal fired power plant performance is integrating the calculation of boiler performance with the calculation of turbine cycle performance and other balance of plant aspects. If proper planning of the performance test is not performed, the integration of boiler and turbine data will result in a test result that does not accurately reflect the true performance of the overall plant. This planning must start very early in the development of the test program, and be implemented in all stages of the test program design. This paper will address the necessary planning of the test program, including: • Determination of Actual Plant Performance. • Selection of a Test Goal. • Development of the Basic Correction Algorithm. • Designing a Plant Model. • Development of Correction Curves. • Operation of the Power Plant during the Test. All nomenclature in this paper utilizes the ASME PTC 46 definitions for the calculation and correction of plant performance.

scholarly journals Comparison of Depth Camera and Terrestrial Laser Scanner in Monitoring Structural Deflections

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Michael Bekele Maru ◽  
Donghwan Lee ◽  
Kassahun Demissie Tola ◽  
Seunghee Park
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Depth Camera ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
3D Information

Modeling a structure in the virtual world using three-dimensional (3D) information enhances our understanding, while also aiding in the visualization, of how a structure reacts to any disturbance. Generally, 3D point clouds are used for determining structural behavioral changes. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is one of the crucial ways by which a 3D point cloud dataset can be generated. Additionally, 3D cameras are commonly used to develop a point cloud containing many points on the external surface of an object around it. The main objective of this study was to compare the performance of optical sensors, namely a depth camera (DC) and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating structural deflection. We also utilized bilateral filtering techniques, which are commonly used in image processing, on the point cloud data for enhancing their accuracy and increasing the application prospects of these sensors in structure health monitoring. The results from these sensors were validated by comparing them with the outputs from a linear variable differential transformer sensor, which was mounted on the beam during an indoor experiment. The results showed that the datasets obtained from both the sensors were acceptable for nominal deflections of 3 mm and above because the error range was less than ±10%. However, the result obtained from the TLS were better than those obtained from the DC.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Evaluation of the Electrical Energy Potential of Residual Biomass from the Wood Industry: A Case Study in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The State ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Wood Residues

This chapter presents in a consolidated manner the step-by-step methodology to estimate the electrical energy potential of industrial wood residues considering the dependency of the efficiency of the power plants with their size. A function of the overall efficiency with power was obtained from a best curve fit of real data both taken from the literature and from Brazilian biomass-fired power plants. The methodology was applied to the determination of the electrical energy potential of wood industry residues in the State of Pará (data collected in 2004). Two cases were analyzed: one where a constant electrical efficiency of 25% was considered (independently of the amount of residues generated) and another where the proposed function of efficiency with power was used. Results show that in the State of Pará, the existent 675 sawmills generated 2.95 × 106 t in dry basis. When the dependency of efficiency with plant size is not considered, the electrical energy potential and average installed power (3140.4 GWh and 2 MWe) are overestimated in comparison to the herein proposed methodology (1868.8 GWh and 1 MWe). The present methodology, considering the efficiency as a function of the power, results in an average efficiency of 12.3% (lower than 25%).

scholarly journals Gerakan Kontra Pembangunan Shelter 9 Dan 10 Pltu Suralaya Merak-Banten

ijd-demos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Urrohmah ◽  
Karin Caroline Kelly ◽  
Fitri Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plant ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Local Residents

Electric Steam Power Plants (PLTU) need coal as fuel to produce electricity. The higher the electrical energy needed to eat, the more fuel will be used. This has happened in the construction of shelters 9 and 10 Suralaya Merak-Banten steam power plant (PLTU). This development is reaping various kinds of rejection because it causes environmental damage not only in the area around the development operation but also in the Greater Jakarta area. The rejection movement was initiated by local residents and supported by international Environmental NGOs.Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) membutuhkan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Semakin tinggi energi listrik yang dibutuhkan makan akan semakin banyak bahan bakar yang digunakan. Hal ini terjadi pada pembangunan shelter 9 dan 10 PLTU Suralaya di pulau Jawa spesifiknya di daerah Merak-Banten. Pembangunan ini menuai berbagai macam penolakan karena mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan tidak hanya pada wilayah sekitar operasi pembangunan namun juga pada wilayah Jabodetabek. Gerakan penolakan diinisiasi tentunya oleh warga setempat dan didukung dengan NGO Internasional penggiat isu lingkungan. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ketinggian Dan Panjang Saluran Air Laut Terhadap Daya Yang Dihasilkan Pada Prototype Tidal Barrage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bima Sakti ◽  
Nur Rani Alham ◽  
Ahmad Nur Fajri ◽  
Ilham Rizal Ma’rif
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Water Turbines

<em>The need for electricity in Indonesia is very important considering the limited resources and the lack of manpower, making Indonesia desperately need to increase electricity generation. One source of energy that can be converted into electrical energy is tidal barrage using the tidal barrage method. The application of this energy is still very small in Indonesia but there are a number of areas that have the potential to be implemented by the power plant. Tidal power plants that utilize the potential energy contained in the differences in tides and tides of sea water by trapping water in dams and then moving water turbines and when the water turbine is connected to a generator can produce electrical energy. Related to how the output of the generated power can it is known by looking at what height the water level drives the turbine. This type of power plant is environmentally friendly because it does not damage the natural ecosystem and the dam can be used for various activities.</em><em></em>

Pengembangan Sistem Pengaturan Suplai Beban (Ats) Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Berbasiskan Mikrokontroler

Kilat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Sugeng Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Renewable energy is potential alternative energy to replace the central role of fossil energy which has been going on since the early 20th century. The solar power plant is alternative energy, especially for households and industry, and can be designed as a hybrid power plant consisting of solar panels, batteries, an automatic transfer switch (ATS), and a grid. This research will focus on developing ATS based on a microcontroller. It functions to regulate the load supply automatically from the three sources of electrical energy, like solar panels, batteries, and grid while the microcontroller functions to monitor the transfer of power from the solar power plant to grid and voltage movements in the system so that current and voltage data can be recorded from time to time to improve system reliability, effectiveness, and efficiency of the tool. ATS components consist of MCB, magnetic contactor, timer H3CR, relay, 2000VA inverter, solar charge controller 100A, NodeMCU ESP8266 IoT, and battery 12V 100AH. This research is conducted in one year to produce ATS based on a microcontroller that can automatically regulate the supply of loads from the three sources of electrical energy with a good level of efficiency and stability.  Keywords: solar power plants, hybrid power plants, an automatic transfer switch.  ABSTRAK Energi baru terbarukan merupakan energi alternatif yang potensial untuk menggantikan peran sentral dari energi fosil yang telah berlangsung sejak awal abad ke 20. PLTS merupakan salah satu energi alternatif penyedia energi listrik untuk rumah tangga dan industri serta dapat dirancang sebagai sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid (PLTH) yang terdiri dari panel surya, baterai, sistem pengaturan beban atau ATS (automatic transfer switch) dan jaringan PLN. Peneltian difokuskan pada pengembangan sistem ATS berbasiskan mikrokontroler. ATS berfungsi untuk mengatur suplai beban secara otomatis dari ketiga sumber energi listrik yaitu panel surya, baterai dan PLN sedangkan mikrokontroler berfungsi memonitor perpindahan daya dari PLTS ke sumber PLN dan pergerakan tegangan pada sistem sehingga dapat dilakukan pencatatan data arus dan tegangan dari waktu ke waktu sehingga dapat meningkatkan keandalan sistem, efektifitas dan efisiensi alat. Komponen ATS terdiri dari MCB, magnetic contactor, timer H3CR, relay, inverter 2000VA, solar charge controller 100A, NodeMCU ESP8266 IoT, dan baterai 12V 100Ah. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam periode satu tahun menghasilkan ATS berbasiskan mikrokontroler yang dapat mengatur suplai beban secara otomatis dari ketiga sumber energi listrik dengan tingkat efisiensi dan kestabilan yang baik. Tim penelitian ini tediri dari 3 orang dan berasal dari program studi teknik elektro, IT PLN.  Kata kunci: pembangkit listrik tenaga surya, pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid, pengaturan suplai beban.

The Horizontal Deformation Analysis of High-rise Buildings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žymantas Gražulis ◽  
Boleslovas Krikštaponis ◽  
Algirdas Neseckas ◽  
Darius Popovas ◽  
Raimundas Putrimas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Cloud Data Processing

The horizontal deformation analysis of high-rise buildings, quite often is complicated because buildings like chimneys, towers and etc, have complex and asymmetric shapes, consequently there is not always the possibility to apply the method of single points motion analysis. Furthermore, the horizontal deformation analysis is complicated using standard measurement methods like measurements with electronic total stations or optical theodolites. In such case the terrestrial laser scanner could be superior to traditional measurements. However, the terrestrial laser scanner still not widely used to survey building horizontal deformations using high precision measurements. The main aim of this work is to determine the suitability to measure deflections of buildings from the vertical using terrestrial laser scanners and to investigate point cloud data processing. Measurements of horizontal deformation were carried out using the over ground laser scanner and electronic total station. Horizontal deformations of chimneys of thermal power plants were investigated using corresponding methods. Deformation indicators and evaluated measurement accuracies between different methods were compared. Data analysis of terrestrial laser scanning is more complex, time consuming and requires sophisticated hardware resources in comparison with the traditional methods, however results are much more detailed and informative.

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