scholarly journals Dekomposisi Serasah dan Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah pada Hutan Tanaman Industri Nyawai (Ficus variegate. Blume)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Pranatasari Dyah Susanti ◽  
Wawan Halwany
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Industrial Plantation

Penggunaan jenis-jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kayu. Meski demikian, informasi mengenai kesuburan tanah kerena penanaman jenis tersebut masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data dan informasi mengenai produksi, laju dekomposisi serasah serta keragaman makrofauna tanah pada Hutan Tanaman Industri nyawai (Ficus variegate Blume) dengan tiga kelas umur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Penentuan plot sampel dilakukan secara purposive dengan pertimbangan keterwakilan umur. Variabel yang diamati meliputi jumlah produksi serasah, laju dekomposisi serasah, serta makrofauna tanah menggunakan dua cara yaitu monolith atau pengambilan contoh tanah (PCT) untuk makrofauna tanah yang berada di dalam tanah, serta penggunaan perangkap sumuran (PSM) untuk makrofauna yang berada di permukaan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tegakan umur 6 tahun memiliki laju dekomposisi serasah terbaik karena sebanyak 48,31% serasah terdekomposisi dengan laju 11%. Pada kelas umur ini keragaman makrofauna juga memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu 1,08 meskipun masih berada dalam kategori rendah.Kata kunci: dekomposisi; kesuburan tanah; makrofauna; nyawai; serasah Litter Decomposition and Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Industrial Plantation Forest of NyawaiAbstractThe use of fast-growing tree species is necessary to meet the demand of timber. However, the information with regard the fertility of the soil for planting of these species is still limited. This study aimed to obtain data and information on the litter production and its rate of decomposition as well as soil macrofauna diversity on Industrial Plantation Forest of nyawai (Ficus variegate. Blume) with three different age classes. This study used a quantitative method. Sample plots were determined purposively with consideration of the representation of age. The observed variables included the amount of production of litter, decomposition rate of litter, and soil macrofauna using two methods, i.e. monolith or soil sampling (PCT) for soil macrofauna underground the soil and trap wells (PSM) for macrofauna on soil surface. The results showed in the 6-year-old stands showed the best litter ecomposition rates, since 48.31% of litter was decomposed at a rate of 11%. At this age class, diversity of macrofauna also has the highest score as 1.08, although that value was still in the low category. 

Pengaruh Kerapatan Berbeda Terhadap Produksi Dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Koenig, 1784 (Meliaceae:Rosids) dan Rhizophora apiculate Blume,1827 (Rhizophoraceae: Rosids) di Perairan Pulau Bintan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Muslimin Muslimin ◽  
Susiana Susiana ◽  
Aditya Hikmat Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
A Value ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum

Penelitian mengenai Produksi dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum dan Rhizophora apiculata di Perairan Busung dan Tanjung Unggat Pulau Bintan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan produksi dan laju dekomposisi serasah mangrove Xylocarpus granatum dan Rhizophora apiculata di perairan Busung dan Tanjung Unggat, Pulau Bintan. Penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulan Februari – Mei 2020 mengenai produksi dan laju dekomposisi serasah mangrove X. granatum dan R. apiculata di perairan Busung dan Tanjung Unggat Pulau Bintan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan produksi dan laju dekomposisi serasah mangrove X. granatum dan  R. apiculata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penentuan lokasi, kemudian persiapan alat dan bahan dan dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan data kerapatan mangrove dan pengambilan data serasah serta laju dekomposisi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 2 jenis mangrove di 2 stasiun yaitu X. granatum dan R. apiculata. Kerapatan total di Desa Busung berjumlah 2267 pohon/ha tergolong sangat padat dan masih dalam kondisi baik sedangkan kerapatan total di Tanjung Unggat berjumlah 1200 pohon/ha tergolong sedang dan masih dalam kondisi baik. Produksi serasah tertinggi yaitu terjadi pada Stasiun Busung yaitu R. apiculata 1.47 g/m2/hari dan X. ganatum 0.83 g/m2/hari dengan kerapatan yang padat dan untuk hasil terendah terjadi pada stasiun Tanjung Unggat yaitu R. apiculata 1.09 g/m2/hari dan X. granatum 0.65 g/m2/hari dengan kerapatan sedang. Laju dekomposisi serasah daun spesies X. granatum menunjukkan nilai 0.0192 dan Laju dekomposisi serasah daun spesies R. apiculata menunjukkan nilai 0.0203. Laju dekomposisi sersah daun terjadi penurunan yang sangat signifikan pada hari ke 14 yaitu dengan kisaran 0.04 – 0.06 gr/hr. Sedangkan pada hari ke-14 sampai hari ke-28 relatif  konstan, dengan kisaran 0.01 – 0.03 gr/hr. Research on the Production and Decomposition Rate of Xylocarpus granatum and Rhizophora apiculata Mangrove Litter in Busung and Tanjung Unggat Waters, Bintan Island. The purpose of this study was to compare the production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter from Xylocarpus granatum and Rhizophora apiculata in the waters of Busung and Tanjung Unggat, Bintan Island. This research was conducted in February - May 2020 regarding the production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter X. granatum and R. apiculata in the waters of Busung and Tanjung Unggat Bintan Island. This study aims to compare the production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter X. granatum and R. apiculata. This research was conducted by determining the location, then preparing the tools and materials, followed by collecting data on mangrove density and data collection of litter and decomposition rate. The results found 2 types of mangroves at 2 stations, namely X. granatum and R. apiculata. The total density in Busung Village was 2267 trees / ha which was classified as very dense and still in good condition, while the total density in Tanjung Unggat was 1200 trees / ha which was classified as moderate and still in good condition. The highest litter production occurred at Busung Station, namely R. apiculata 1.47 g/M2/day and X. granatum 0.83 g/m2 /day with a dense density and for the lowest yield occurred at Tanjung Unggat station, namely R. apiculata 1.09 g/m2/day and X. granatum 0.65 g/m2/day with moderate density. The leaf litter decomposition rate of species X. granatum showed a value of 0.0192 and the rate of decomposition of leaf litter of species R. apiculata showed a value of 0.0203. The decomposition rate of leaf litter decreased significantly on day 14, in the range of 0.04 - 0.06 gr/day. Meanwhile, on day 14 to day 28 it is relatively constant, with a range of 0.01 - 0.03 g/day.

scholarly journals Ligustrum lucidum invasion decreases abundance and relative contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition but increases decomposition rate in a subtropical montane forest of NW Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Daiana Fernandez ◽  
María Laura Moreno ◽  
Natalia Pérez Harguindeguy ◽  
Roxana Aragón
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Relative Contribution

Invasive plant species can alter litter decomposition rates through changes in litter quality, environment conditions and decomposer organisms (microflora and soil fauna) but limited research has examined the direct impact on soil fauna. We assessed the abundance and relative contribution of soil meso- and macrofauna to litter decomposition in invaded forest by Ligustrum lucidum and non-invaded forest in a subtropical mountain forest of northwest Argentina using litterbags (0.01, 2 and 6 mm mesh size). Additionally, we analyzed litter quality and soil properties of both forest types. Soil fauna abundance was lower in invaded than in non- invaded forest. The contribution of soil macrofauna to litter decomposition was important in both forest types, but soil mesofauna contribution was only significant in non-invaded forest. Litter decomposition was significantly faster in invaded than in non-invaded forest, consistent with its highest quality. Invaded forest had significantly lower litter accumulation, lower soil moisture and greater soil pH than non-invaded forest. Our results showed that, although soil fauna was less abundant and played a less pronounced role in litter decomposition in invaded forest; these changes did not translate into a reduced litter decomposition rate due to the higher quality of litter produced in the invaded forest.

scholarly journals Litter Production and Accumulation as an Indicator of Degradation in Caatinga

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ane Cristine Fortes da Silva ◽  
César Henrique Alves Borges ◽  
Camila Costa da Nóbrega ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Litter Accumulation ◽  
Cycling Process ◽  
Litterfall Production

The ecosystem processes in the caatinga, such as litter dynamic, are threatened and little is known about it in these environments. The litter processes can be used as indicators of degradation or recovery of an ecosystem because these processes react to changes in the ecosystems. The litterfall deposition was collected monthly over 23 months in collectors of 1.0 m2. The litter accumulation on soil was collected monthly over 23 months in frames of 0.25 m2. The coefficient of decomposition (K) was estimated by the relation between annual litter production and litter stock in the soil surface. Annual litterfall production increased with stand age. Total annual litter production in different age stands varies from 1.37 Mg ha-1 in the 15 years to 2.37 Mg ha-1 in the 50 years stand. K and renewal times were also significantly different among the sites. K was higher in 50 years, followed by 30 years and 15 years. There were a higher litter production and accumulation in the older stands. The older stands presented faster litter decomposition and renew, which evidences a better utilization of litter in the nutrient cycling process and the incorporation of organic matter into the soil. These results show that litter processes are effective indicators of the stage of degradation in a caatinga ecosystem.

scholarly journals Comparative Dynamics of Above-Ground Litter Production and Decomposition from Eucalyptus Grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus Taeda L., and Their Contribution to Soil Organic Carbon

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Andrés Baietto ◽  
Jorge Hernández ◽  
Amabelia del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The replacement of native pasture by exotic commercial forest species is an infrequent situation worldwide. In these systems, a new component is introduced, forest litter, which constitutes one of the main ways of incorporating carbon into the soil–plant system. The present work seeks to establish a methodological approach to study the dynamics of litter production and decomposition in an integrated way. The general objective was to characterize and compare the litter production dynamics in 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L. commercial plantations. During two years, seasonal evaluations of fall, decomposition and accumulation of litter were carried out in stands of both species. In turn, the contribution of carbon from forest species to the soil through isotopic analysis techniques was quantified. Litterfall in E. grandis showed maximums during the spring of the first year and in the spring and summer of the second. In P. taeda, the maximums occurred in summer of the first year and in autumn of the second. In relation to the decomposition rate, the results based on short periods of evaluation between 15 and 21 months did not show differences between species, nor for the different moments of beginning of the evaluation, obtaining average values of 0.0369 month−1 for E. grandis and 0.0357 month−1 for P. taeda. In turn, both the decomposition rate of the material as a whole and the estimates of accumulated biomass in equilibrium state did not show significant differences between the species. Additionally, there was a relevant incorporation of carbon into the soil by forest species, fundamentally in the first few centimeters, substituting an important proportion of the carbon inherited by the original cover of native pastures. Finally, it is necessary to specify that the scope of the findings obtained is greatly limited by the sample size used in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of Lime Application and Understory Removal on Soil Microbial Communities in Subtropical Eucalyptus L’Hér. Plantations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songze Wan ◽  
Zhanfeng Liu ◽  
Yuanqi Chen ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Qin Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Litter Decomposition Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Lime Application

Soil microorganisms play key roles in ecosystems and respond quickly to environmental changes. Liming and/or understory removal are important forest management practices and have been widely applied to planted forests in humid subtropical and tropical regions of the world. However, few studies have explored the impacts of lime application, understory removal, and their interactive effects on soil microbial communities. We conducted a lime application experiment combined with understory removal in a subtropical Eucalyptus L’Hér. plantation. Responses of soil microbial communities (indicated by phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), soil physico-chemical properties, and litter decomposition rate to lime and/or understory removal were measured. Lime application significantly decreased both fungal and bacterial PLFAs, causing declines in total PLFAs. Understory removal reduced the fungal PLFAs but had no effect on the bacterial PLFAs, leading to decreases in the total PLFAs and in the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs. No interaction between lime application and understory removal on soil microbial community compositions was observed. Changes in soil microbial communities caused by lime application were mainly attributed to increases in soil pH and NO3–-N contents, while changes caused by understory removal were mainly due to the indirect effects on soil microclimate and the decreased soil dissolved carbon contents. Furthermore, both lime application and understory removal significantly reduced the litter decomposition rates, which indicates the lime application and understory removal may impact the microbe-mediated soil ecological process. Our results suggest that lime application may not be suitable for the management of subtropical Eucalyptus plantations. Likewise, understory vegetation helps to maintain soil microbial communities and litter decomposition rate; it should not be removed from Eucalyptus plantations.

scholarly journals Species Diversity Induces Idiosyncratic Effects on Litter Decomposition in a Degraded Meadow Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Naeem ◽  
Talal Asif ◽  
Xuefeng Wu ◽  
Nazim Hassan ◽  
Liu Yiming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Decomposition Dynamics ◽  
Litter Mixing

Litter decomposition is a fundamental path for nutrient cycling in a natural ecosystem. However, it remains unclear how species diversity, including richness and evenness, affects the decomposition dynamics in the context of grassland degradation. Using a litter bag technique, we investigated the litter-mixing effects of two coexisting dominant species (Leymus chinensis Lc and Phragmites australis Pa), as monocultures and mixtures with evenness (Lc:Pa) from M1 (30:70%), M2 (50:50%), and M3 (70:30%), on decomposition processes over time (60 and 365 days). The litter bags were placed on the soil surface along a degradation gradient [near pristine (NP), lightly degraded (LD), and highly degraded (HD)]. We found that 1) mass loss in mixture compositions was significantly and positively correlated with initial nitrogen (N) and cellulose contents; 2) litter mixing (richness and evenness) influenced decomposition dynamics individually and in interaction with the incubation days and the degradation gradients; 3) in a general linear model (GLM), nonadditive antagonistic effects were more prominent than additive or neutral effects in final litter and nutrients except for carbon (C); and 4) in nutrients (C, N, lignin) and C/N ratio, additive effects shifted to nonadditive with incubation time. We speculated that the occurrence of nonadditive positive or negative effects varied with litter and nutrients mass remaining in each degraded gradient under the mechanism of initial litter quality of monoculture species, soil properties of experimental sites, and incubation time. Our study has important implications for grassland improvement and protection by considering species biodiversity richness, as well as species evenness.

scholarly journals Modelling the effect of soil moisture and organic matter degradation on biogenic NO emissions from soils in Sahel rangeland (Mali)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1155-1203
Author(s):  
C. Delon ◽  
E. Mougin ◽  
D. Serça ◽  
M. Grippa ◽  
P. Hiernaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
No Release ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Sahel Region

Abstract. This work is an attempt to provide seasonal variation of biogenic NO emission fluxes in a sahelian rangeland in Mali (Agoufou, 15.34° N, 1.48° W) for years 2004–2008. Indeed, NO is one of the most important precursor for tropospheric ozone, and the contribution of the Sahel region in emitting NO is no more considered as negligible. The link between NO production in the soil and NO release to the atmosphere is investigated in this study, by taking into account vegetation litter production and degradation, microbial processes in the soil, emission fluxes, and environmental variables influencing these processes, using a coupled vegetation-litter decomposition-emission model. This model includes the Sahelian-Transpiration-Evaporation-Productivity (STEP) model for the simulation of herbaceous, tree leaf and fecal masses, the GENDEC model (GENeral DEComposition) for the simulation of the buried litter decomposition and microbial dynamics, and the NO emission model (NOFlux) for the simulation of the NO release to the atmosphere. Physical parameters (soil moisture and temperature, wind speed, sand percentage) which affect substrate diffusion and oxygen supply in the soil and influence the microbial activity, and biogeochemical parameters (pH and fertilization rate related to N content) are necessary to simulate the NO flux. The reliability of the simulated parameters is checked, in order to assess the robustness of the simulated NO flux. Simulated yearly average of NO flux ranges from 0.66 to 0.96 kg(N) ha-1 yr-1, and wet season average ranges from 1.06 to 1.73 kg(N) ha-1 yr-1. These results are in the same order as previous measurements made in several sites where the vegetation and the soil are comparable to the ones in Agoufou. This coupled vegetation-litter decomposition-emission model could be generalized at the scale of the Sahel region, and provide information where little data is available.

scholarly journals Litter mixing effect on decomposition rate and nutrient release: low quality leaves of coastal species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wei
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Litter Mixtures ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Litter Mixing

Coastal wetlands are among the most carbon-rich ecosystems in the world. Litter decomposition is a major process controlling soil carbon input. Litter mixing has shown a non-additive effect on the litter decomposition of terrestrial plants particularly of those species having contrasting litter quality. But the non-additive effect has been rarely tested in coastal plants which generally having low-quality litters. We selected three common mangrove species and one saltmarsh species, co-occurring in subtropical coasts, to test whether the non-additive effect occurs when the litters of these coastal species mixing together. We are also concerned whether the changes in the decomposition rate of litter will affect the nutrient contents in waters. A litter-bag experiment was carried out in a glasshouse with single and mixed leaf litters. A non-additive effect was observed in the litter mixtures of mangrove species Aegiceras corniculatum vs. Kandelia obovata (antagonistic) and A. corniculatum vs. Avicennia marina (synergistic). Whereas, the mixture of A. corniculatum (mangrove species) and Spartina alterniflora (saltmarsh species) showed an additive effect. The strength of the non-additive effect was unrelated to the initial trait dissimilarity of litters. Instead, the decomposition rate and mass remaining of litter mixtures were strongly related to the carbon concentrations in litters. Nutrient content in waters was dependent on the decomposition rate of litter mixtures but not on the initial nutrient concentrations in litters. Despite the behind mechanisms were not yet revealed by the current study, these findings have improved our understanding of the litter decomposition of coastal species and the consequent nutrient release.

scholarly journals Contributions of organic matter and nutrients via leaf litter in an urban tropical dry forest fragment

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeiner Castellanos-Barliza ◽  
Juan Diego León-Peláez ◽  
Rosalba Armenta-Martínez ◽  
Willinton Barranco-Pérez ◽  
William Caicedo-Ruíz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
One Year ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

The litterfall and decomposition represent the main transfer of organic matter and nutrients from the vegetation to the soil surface and determine positive trajectories in the process of rehabilitating and restoring degraded ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contributions of organic materials and nutrients through the characterization of fine litter in an urban dry forest fragment. Litter production was monitored for one year by collecting 29 traps (0.5 m2). To evaluate leaf nutrient resorption, green leaves were collected from 5-10 individuals that represented the dominant tree species. Litter-bags (20 x 20 cm, 2 mm pore) were used for six months to evaluate the decomposition of leaf litter. Annual fine litter production was found to be 8 574 kg ha-1, with the Cordia alba species contributing the most leaf litter (1 134 kg ha-1) and nutrients (N: 6.16; P: 0.21; Ca: 4.72; Mg: 0.47; K: 1.27 kg ha-1). Decomposition rates (k constant) followed the decreasing order: C. alba (k: 4.6) > Machaerium milleflorum (k: 3.5). M. milleflorum and Albizia niopoides presented a pattern of rapid N and P release in the first 30 days, with more than 80 % and 60 % released from M. milleflorum and C. alba, respectively, by the end of the experiment. The litterfall monitoring carried out in this urban dry forest fragment revealed some important aspects of the functioning of an ecosystem as seriously threatened as the tropical dry forest. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 571-585. Epub 2018 June 01. 

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