scholarly journals PENGARUH TEKANAN PISTON PADA PENGATURAN KATUP SOLENOID PROPORSIONAL DUA ARAH TERHADAP LAJU ALIRAN AIR PADA SISTEM KALIBRASI PISTON PROVER OT-400

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalu Ahmad Prakosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Voltage Variation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Point Versus ◽  
Opening And Closing

In order to use piston prover OT-400 calibrator more effective is to know the relationship between pressure piston and water flow rate. Water flow rate measurement by using piston pressure variation and setting of proportional directional solenoid valve has been done on piston prover OT-400 calibration sytems. Selection variation of piston pressure condition has been done at four measuring points there are 20 PSI, 42.5 PSI, 62.5 PSI and 80 PSI. Giving of voltage variation for ascending and declining to the solenoid is to set the opening and closing its valve. From the measurement results obtained that the water flow rate is proportional to the piston pressure used. Graph of water flow rate (Q) with unit of liters / minute versus the piston pressure (P) with unit of PSI within the setting ofproportional directional solenoid valve on the piston prover OT-400 calibrator has linear type that is Q = 0.002. P + 0.151 with R2=0,998. While the graph of the average uncertainty value of the measuring point versus pressure piston is not a linear form with the smallest value of 2.31% on the use of piston pressure of 80 PSI

Using a Multiport Pitot Tube in Circulating Water Flow Measurements

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Figueroa Ibarra ◽  
J. Hugo Rodri´guez Marti´nez ◽  
Marcelino Santaba´rbara Botello
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Made In

This paper details the design of a Pitot tube used for water flow rate measurements in large pipes. The paper describes first the nowadays commonly used device (simplex pitot), based on standard CTI Code ATC-105 from Cooling Tower Institute [1]. The disadvantages of the simplex pitot are pointed out, and the detailed description of the proposed device (multiport pitot) is explained. The Multiport Pitot, which design is also based on norm ATC-105, is able to perform real-time measurements. The paper also includes the results obtained from the water flow rate measurements made in the cooling system of a thermal power plant in Mexico. These measurement results were compared to simulation results obtained with a computational commercial simulation tool.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN ALAT DESINFEKSI AIR MINUM DENGAN UVGI (ULTRAVIOLET GERMECIDAL IRRADIATION) BERBASIS ARDUINO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Harmawan Febrianto ◽  
Massus Subekti ◽  
Nur Hanifah Yuninda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Alarm Signal ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Uv Lamps

The purpose of this study is to make a drinking water desinfector device by irradiating ultraviolet light (UV) based on Arduino. The device can provide information specific to large-intensity UV lamps in optimal perfomance to desinfection drinking water, as well as a signal to the operator if, the intensity of the UV lamps has decreased resulting in water flow will be closed automatically controlled by on Arduino. This study uses a method of Research and Development (Research and Development), which includes planning, requirements analysis, design, and implementation of the system. System requirements necessary in this study are ultraviolet sensor that can measure the magnitude and intensity of ultraviolet rays water rate sensor to measure the flow rate of water entering on this instrument. In this case serves to monitor the UV lamp specifically keoptimalan and Arduino will process the input results for the solenoid valve opens automatically and gives an alarm signal to the operator. These results indicate that the instrument disinfection of drinking water with UVGI-based Arduino has managed to work out where these tools can provide large information intensity of UV rays as well, can give an alarm signal to the operator and the control solenoid valve in order to shut off the flow of water automatically as a follow security if not in accordance with a predetermined set point, namely at the point of maximum 978 lux with a water flow rate 3 L / min based microbial testing in the laboratory. At this point is the most optimal point in reducing bacteria which amounted to 94.57% or the remaining 25 colonies / ml of the total number of bacteria before exposed to UV light that is 460 colonies / ml. It is adjusted by the standard (SNI 7388: 2009-14.1.1.2) with a maximum limit of microbial contamination in drinking water is 100 colonies / ml. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat suatu alat desinfeksi air minum dengan penyinaran lampu ultraviolet (UV) berbasis Arduino. Alat ini dapat memberikan informasi secara spesifik terhadap besar intesitas lampu UV dalam keoptimalannya untuk medesinfeksikan air minum, serta memberikan sinyal kepada operator apabila, intesitas lampu UV telah menurun dan akan mengakibatkan aliran air akan tertutup secara otomatis yang dikendalikan dengan Arduino. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development) yang meliputi perencanaan, analisis kebutuhan, perancangan, dan implementasi sistem. Kebutuhan sistem yang diperlukan pada penelitian ini adalah : sensor ultraviolet yang dapat mengukur besar intesitas sinar ultraviolet dan sensor laju air untuk mengukur kecepatan aliran air yang masuk pada alat ini. Dalam hal ini berfungsi memantau keoptimalan lampu UV secara spesifik serta Arduino akan memproses hasil input tersebut untuk membuka solenoid valve secara otomatis dan memberikan sinyal alarm kepada operator. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa alat desinfeksi air minum dengan UVGI berbasis Arduino telah berhasil bekerja dimana alat ini dapat memberikan informasi besar intesitas sinar UV serta, dapat memberikan sinyal alarm kepada operator dan mengendalikan solenoid valve agar bisa menutup aliran air secara otomatis sebagai tindak keamanan jika tidak sesuai dengan set point yang telah ditentukan, yakni pada titik maksimal 978 lux dengan kecepatan aliran air 3 L/min berdasarkan pengujian mikroba di laboratorium. Pada titik ini adalah titik yang paling optimal dalam mereduksi bakteri yakni sebesar 94,57% atau tersisa 25 Koloni/ml dari angka total bakteri sebelum disinari sinar UV yakni 460 koloni/ml . Hal ini disesuaikan oleh standar (SNI 7388:2009-14.1.1.2) dengan batas maksimum cemaran mikroba pada air minum sebesar 100 koloni/ml.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Flow on Underwater Wet Welded A36 Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Eko Surojo ◽  
Aziz Harya Gumilang ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Aditya Rio Prabowo ◽  
Eko Prasetya Budiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
A36 Steel

Underwater wet welding (UWW) combined with the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) method has proven to be an effective way of permanently joining metals that can be performed in water. This research was conducted to determine the effect of water flow rate on the physical and mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, toughness, and bending effect) of underwater welded bead on A36 steel plate. The control variables used were a welding speed of 4 mm/s, a current of 120 A, electrode E7018 with a diameter of 4 mm, and freshwater. The results show that variations in water flow affected defects, microstructure, and mechanical properties of underwater welds. These defects include spatter, porosity, and undercut, which occur in all underwater welding results. The presence of flow and an increased flow rate causes differences in the microstructure, increased porosity on the weld metal, and undercut on the UWW specimen. An increase in water flow rate causes the acicular ferrite microstructure to appear greater, and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) will form finer grains. The best mechanical properties are achieved by welding with the highest flow rate, with a tensile strength of 534.1 MPa, 3.6% elongation, a Vickers microhardness in the HAZ area of 424 HV, and an impact strength of 1.47 J/mm2.

Experimental Characterization of a Modified Airlift Pump

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Keegan Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Airlift Pump ◽  
Flow Map ◽  
Churn Flow

This paper presents an experimental investigation on a modified airlift pump. Experiments were undertaken as a function of air-water flow rate for two submergence ratios (ε=0.58 and 0.74), and two different riser geometries (i) straight pipe with a constant inner diameter of 19 mm and (ii) enlarged pipe with a sudden expanded diameter of 19 to 32 mm. These transparent vertical pipes, of 1 m length, were submerged in a transparent rectangular tank (0.45×0.45×1.1 m3). The compressed air was injected into the vertical pipe to lift the water from the reservoir. The flow map regime is established for both configurations and compared with previous studies. The two phase air-water flow structure at the expansion region is experimentally characterized. Pipeline geometry is found to have a significant influence on the output water flow rate. Using high speed photography and electrical conductivity probes, new flow regimes, such as “slug to churn” and “annular to churn” flow, are observed and their influence on the output water flow rate and efficiency are discussed. These experimental results provide fundamental insights into the physics of modified airlift pump.

scholarly journals Impacts of Water Flow Rate on Freezing Prevention of Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers in Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Guo ◽  
Huimin Wei ◽  
Xiaoru Yang ◽  
Weijia Wang ◽  
Xiaoze Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Flow Rate

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Improvement of Wet Cooling Tower Efficiency with Diverse Packing Compaction Using ANN-PSO Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Hasan Alimoradi ◽  
Madjid Soltani ◽  
Pooriya Shahali ◽  
Farshad Moradi Kashkooli ◽  
Razieh Larizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate

In this study, a numerical and empirical scheme for increasing cooling tower performance is developed by combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a neural network and considering the packing’s compaction as an effective factor for higher accuracies. An experimental setup is used to analyze the effects of packing compaction on the performance. The neural network is optimized by the PSO algorithm in order to predict the precise temperature difference, efficiency, and outlet temperature, which are functions of air flow rate, water flow rate, inlet water temperature, inlet air temperature, inlet air relative humidity, and packing compaction. The effects of water flow rate, air flow rate, inlet water temperature, and packing compaction on the performance are examined. A new empirical model for the cooling tower performance and efficiency is also developed. Finally, the optimized performance conditions of the cooling tower are obtained by the presented correlations. The results reveal that cooling tower efficiency is increased by increasing the air flow rate, water flow rate, and packing compaction.

Optimizing the performance of hemispheric solar still using nano-ZnO with cooling the glassy cover at a variable water flow rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Hadi Attia ◽  
Abd Elnaby Kabeel ◽  
S. A. El-Agouz ◽  
El Mir Mabrouk Lassaad ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Variable Water
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