scholarly journals Ethnicity as Uncertainty Reducing Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Benjamin Claeson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Uncertainty Reduction ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Ethnic Mobilization ◽  
Systematic Theory ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Insight Into

Scholars of ethnic violence have moved beyond the traditional primordialist constructivist debate into a much more thorough discussion exploring why mobilizations to violence along ethnic divisions are successful. This debate has sparked insight into many components that help to explain varied motivations for participation in ethnic violence. However, as of yet there has not been a systematic theory that can explain the prevalence of ethnic violence as opposed to violence based upon other categorizations. This paper argues that ethnic mobilization to violence is successful because ethnic identity offers a means of uncertainty reduction in times of chaos that allows people to create more effective risk assessments in their daily interactions. However, ethnic violence will only occur under conditions where more effective risk assessment tools are sufficiently weakened.

scholarly journals Urban Security and Counterterrorism: An Approach to Proportionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Tegg Westbrook ◽  
Thomas Schive
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Security Returns

As cities and crowded areas increasingly become targets of terrorist plots and attacks, there is ample demand for risk assessment tools that consider proportional measures that reduce the threat, vulnerability, and possible impacts, whilst providing ‘security returns’ for those investments. There is a risk in this process of over- or under-fortifying places based on practitioners’ subjective biases, experiences, dead reckoning and conflicting agendas. Currently, risk assessments rely on qualitative tools that do not consider proportionality that removes these inherent biases. Critiquing well-known urban design strategies and national risk assessments, this article therefore seeks to develop a supplementary assessment tool – an equation for proportionality – that is more objective and is created to help practitioners make good choices, in particular on: (1) reducing the threat, (2) vulnerability, (3) impact, (4) accepting risk, and (5) measuring a security measure’s ability to deter, delay or stop an attack. It concludes that while no assessment is truly objective, the equation works to remove as much subjectivity as possible when assessing proportional urban security.

scholarly journals Signs of Resistance? Swedish Probation Officers' Attitudes towards Risk Assessments

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Persson ◽  
Kerstin Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
What Works ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Organizational Logic ◽  
Risk Concept

The Swedish Prison and Probation Service has been influenced by the ‘What Works’ agenda since the late 1990's and an orientation towards risk and risk management has gradually become visible in the organization. But there is, within the probation service, a discrepancy between two types of logics — an organizational logic and a professional logic. Although guidelines prescribe the use of risk-assessment tools, they are in reality seldom used by practitioners. Through an examination of the reasons given by the probation officers who expressed doubts or concerns about the risk-concept, we question whether this could be seen as signs of resistance based on professional logic.

scholarly journals Personalized Risk Assessments in the Criminal Justice System

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad Goel ◽  
Justin M. Rao ◽  
Ravi Shroff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New York ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Personalized Risk

In an effort to bring greater efficiency, equity, and transparency to the criminal justice system, statistical risk assessment tools are increasingly used to inform bail, sentencing, and parole decisions. We examine New York City's stop-and-frisk program, and propose two new use cases for personalized risk assessments. First, we show that risk assessment tools can help police officers make considerably better real-time stop decisions. Second, we show that such tools can help audit past actions; in particular, we argue that a sizable fraction of police stops were conducted on the basis of little evidence, in possible violation of constitutional protections.

scholarly journals Improving Case Plans and Interventions for Adolescents on Probation: The Implementation of the SAVRY and a Structured Case Planning Form

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi L. Viljoen ◽  
Catherine S. Shaffer ◽  
Nicole M. Muir ◽  
Dana M. Cochrane ◽  
Etta M. Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Case Planning ◽  
Local Tool

Even when probation officers use risk assessment tools, many of their clients’ needs remain unaddressed. As such, we examined whether the implementation of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) and a structured case planning form resulted in better case plans as compared with prior practices (i.e., a nonvalidated local tool and an unstructured plan). Our sample comprised 216 adolescents on probation who were matched via propensity scores. Adolescents in the SAVRY/Structured Plan condition had significantly better case plans than those in the preimplementation condition. Specifically, following implementation, adolescents’ high need domains were more likely to be targeted in plans. Plans also scored higher on other quality indicators (e.g., level of detail). These improvements appeared to be due primarily to the structured plan rather than the SAVRY. Overall, our findings highlight that, just as structure can improve risk assessments, so too might structure improve case plans.

Risk assessment

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Healthcare Environments ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Routine Procedures

General adult nurses work with people in hospitals, hospices, community care services, and people’s homes. Irrespective of the place of work, there will be many routine procedures which are an important part of reducing risk to people and organizing subsequent nursing work. It is recognized that all organizations will have different risk assessment tools and recording procedures, but there are generic principles of safety which underpin all these tools. An important aspect of nursing decision-making and practice is understanding and managing risk, and factoring risk management into the planning and delivery of nursing care. This chapter considers the broad principles of risk assessments which are widely used across healthcare environments.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON STORM SURGE RISKS TO CONTAINERS CONSIDERING GLOBAL WARMING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Kei Horie ◽  
Kei Horie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerability Functions

Container yards tend to be located along waterfronts that are exposed to high risk of storm surges. However, risk assessment tools such as vulnerability functions and risk maps for containers have not been sufficiently developed. In addition, damage due to storm surges is expected to increase owing to global warming. This paper aims to assess storm surge impact due to global warming for containers located at three major bays in Japan. First, we developed vulnerability functions for containers against storm surges using an engineering approach. Second, we simulated storm surges at three major bays using the SuWAT model and taking global warming into account. Finally, we developed storm surge risk maps for containers based on current and future situations using the vulnerability function and simulated inundation depth. As a result, we revealed the impact of global warming on storm surge risks for containers quantitatively.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Risk Assessment Tools for Prostate Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Thompson ◽  
Donna P. Ankerst
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools
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