scholarly journals Are Women Willing to Delay Their Retirement? A Research on 270 Female Teachers in Inner Mongolia of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p33
Author(s):  
Cui Huang ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Duo Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Occupational Interests ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Retirement Policy ◽  
Professional Title

Women’ retirement age is earlier than men in China, which has a negative effect on the problem-solving of aging society and the protection of women’s rights and interests. Therefore, prolonging the retirement age for women has become an important policy choice to alleviate the above problems. But are women themselves willing to delay their retirement? What factors effect women’s intention to delay their retirement? Those should be an important basis for the decision-making of a new retirement policy. This paper explores female delayed retirement intention by selecting the group of female teachers which is an important category of professional women in China. Taking 270 female teachers in Inner Mongolia of China as samples, this paper analyzes the effect of personal, occupational, and policy factors on female teachers’ delayed retirement intention. The results show that the health, children, monthly income, cumulative length of working, professional title and work units have a statistically significant impact on female teachers’ delayed retirement intention. Accordingly, this article puts forward policy implications on gender equity including eliminating the gender difference of retirement age, making flexible retirement policy and protecting women’s occupational interests.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Policies Matter for Health Equity: Conclusions of the SOPHIE Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Malmusi ◽  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
Carme Borrell ◽  
Marc Suhrcke ◽  
Patricia O’Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Participation In Research

Since 2011, the SOPHIE project has accumulated evidence regarding the influence of social and economic policies on population health levels, as well as on health inequalities according to socioeconomic position, gender, and immigrant status. Through comparative analyses and evaluation case studies across Europe, SOPHIE has shown how these health inequalities vary according to contexts in macroeconomics, social protection, labor market, built environment, housing, gender equity, and immigrant integration and may be reduced by equity-oriented policies in these fields. These studies can help public health and social justice advocates to build a strong case for fairer social and economic policies that will lead to the reduction of health inequalities that most governments have included among their policy goals. In this article, we summarize the main findings and policy implications of the SOPHIE project and the lessons learned on civil society participation in research and results communication.

How does bank liquidity creation affect non-performing loans in the MENA region?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Alaoui Mdaghri
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Conventional Banks

PurposeThe study aims to empirically examine the effect of bank liquidity creation on non-performing loans (NPLs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.Design/methodology/approachBerger and Bouwman's (2009) three-step methodology was employed to calculate the level of liquidity creation of a selected sample of 111 commercial banks in ten MENA countries from 2010–2017. Next, the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator was used to investigate the linkage between bank liquidity creation and NPLs.FindingsThe results demonstrated a significant negative effect of bank liquidity creation on NPLs in the short and long term, implying that liquidity creation through both on- and off-balance sheet activities decreases NPLs. These findings accord with the “economic-enhancing” view. Furthermore, regression analysis investigated whether this relationship remained similar for Islamic and conventional banks. The results showed that liquidity creation diminishes Islamic and conventional bank NPLs.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical findings raise several significant policy implications. Bank liquidity creation may decrease rather than increase NPLs, although the process of liquidity creation is viewed as risky by rendering banks more illiquid. Therefore, policy-makers should encourage bank liquidity creation to stimulate the economy. In a robust economy, borrowers are more likely to repay their debts, consequently diminishing banks' NPLs.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, the current study is the first to provide empirical evidence on the effect of bank liquidity creation on NPLs in MENA countries.

The impact of trust on social and financial capital acquisition: A resource integration perspective in minority-owned entrepreneurial organisations

2022 ◽  
pp. 026624262110553
Author(s):  
Ronald L Pegram ◽  
Camelia L Clarke ◽  
James W Peltier ◽  
K Praveen Parboteeah
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Resource Integration ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Entrepreneurs

Although effective resource integration is a critical requisite for entrepreneurial success, the literature suggests there are crucial gaps for minority entrepreneurs. We examine how interracial distrust (ID), an indicator of the extent to which minority entrepreneurs distrust other races, is related to internal and social capital. We examine the relationships of such capitals on the willingness to borrow from banks and friends, and explore the link with firm performance. Using a sample of 276 primarily African American entrepreneurs, we find support for most of our hypotheses. We find that ID is negatively associated with external social capital and a willingness to borrow from banks. Surprisingly, we found that ID had a negative effect on internal social capital and a willingness to borrow from friends. We also found that internal and external social capital was positively related to firm performance. We discuss the implications of some of these surprising research findings as well as the policy implications.

scholarly journals Household Debt and Delinquency over the Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Sommarat Chantarat ◽  
Atchana Lamsam ◽  
Krislert Samphantharak ◽  
Bhumjai Tangsawasdirat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern

This paper uses loan-level data from Thailand's National Credit Bureau to study household debt over the life cycle of borrowers. We decompose two aggregate and commonly used measures of debt—debt per capita and delinquency rate—into components that unveil the extensive and intensive margins of household indebtedness. We find a striking inverted-U life-cycle pattern of indebtedness as predicted by economic theories. However, peaks are reached at different ages for different loan products and different lenders. We also find that debt has expanded over time for all age groups. Younger cohorts seem to originate debt earlier in their lives than older generations. Meanwhile, older borrowers remain indebted well past their retirement age. Finally, we find a downward pattern of delinquency over the life cycle. Our findings have important policy implications on financial access and distress of households as well as on economic development and financial stability of the economy.

scholarly journals The global prevalence of turnover intention among general practitioners: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Shen ◽  
Heng Jiang ◽  
Hongbin Xu ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Chuanzhu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Professional Title

Abstract Background General practitioners (GPs) are the foundation of any primary healthcare system. Their quality and quantity are directly associated with the effectiveness and quality of the health services of a nation. GPs’ shortage and turnover have become an important issue in developed and developing countries. An accurate estimate of turnover intention prevalence among GPs would have important health policy implications, but the overall prevalence is unknown. We aimed to summarize the global prevalence of turnover intention and associated factors among GPs. Methods We systematically reviewed the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from their inception up to May 2020, as well as the reference lists of all included studies. We included observational studies that reported data on turnover intention or their prevalence rate among GPs could be calculated based on the information provided. The prevalence rate of the turnover intentions was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study level characteristics were estimated via subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results A total of 25 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 27,285 participants). The prevalence of turnover intention was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.39–0.55). Those having a lower level of salary (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13–1.63) and job satisfaction (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12–1.70) or having lower level of morale (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.56–3.80) had a higher intention. In contrast, GPs with a lower level of professional title had a lower turnover intention (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98). Conclusions In this systematic review, approximately half of the GPs had the intention to leave their current posts worldwide. The factors associated with turnover intention were higher professional title, lower income level, lower job satisfaction and lower morale.

Audit committee members with CEO experience and the value of cash holdings

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-926
Author(s):  
Sunhwa Choi ◽  
Jinwoong Han ◽  
Taejin Jung ◽  
Bomi Song
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Value Of Cash ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Accounting Expertise

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether the presence of an audit committee (AC) members with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) experience (supervisory experts) affects the market value of cash holdings. Design/methodology/approach To estimate the marginal value of cash holdings, this study uses the model proposed by Faulkender and Wang (2006). The sample is 2,031 firm-year observations in Korea from 2000 through 2015. Findings The authors find that the presence of supervisory experts on ACs has a negative impact on the value of cash holdings. This result suggests that supervisory experts on ACs weaken monitoring of managerial actions. The authors also find that the negative effect of supervisory experts on the value of cash holdings is mitigated when there are other AC members with accounting expertise. Practical implications The findings that AC supervisory expertise impairs the effectiveness of ACs, and thus destroys shareholder value have policy implications because the current regulations in many countries use a broad definition of financial expertise that includes supervisory expertise. Originality/value This is the first study that directly examines the effect of AC supervisory expertise on the value of cash holdings. The study also contributes to the literature on the role of ACs in emerging markets by documenting the limitations of corporate governance systems adopted from the Anglo–Saxon model.

Entrepreneurs’ Competencies and Competitive Advantages: A Study on Malaysian Microenterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 097215091985493
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Fazal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Ghazali Bin Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Mehedi Masud
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Competency

Considering the significance of relevant competencies towards business success and the dependency of socio-economical vulnerable micro-entrepreneurs on their enterprise income, this study examined the effect of entrepreneurs’ competencies (i.e., opportunity recognizing competency, strategic competency, organizing competency, relationship competency, conceptual competency and commitment competency) on the competitive advantage of microenterprises in Malaysia. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design and collected quantitative data from 300 randomly selected respondents from Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed significant positive effects of organizing and commitment competency on the competitive advantage with a significantly negative effect of relationship competency on the competitive advantage. Apart from enriching the current literature, this study offers significant policy implications for the government and socio-developmental organizations in Malaysia for improving the micro-entrepreneurship and uplifting large low-income groups from poverty.

scholarly journals Information asymmetry and conditional financial sector development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-392
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Jacinta Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of reducing information asymmetry (IA) on conditional financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. Instruments for reducing IA include public credit registries (PCRs) and private credit bureaus (PCBs). Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are used, namely, financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, semi-formalization and non-formalization. Findings The following findings are established. First, the positive (negative) effect of information sharing offices (ISO) on formal (informal) financial development is consistent with theory. Second, ISOs consistently increase formal financial development, with the incidence of PCRs higher in terms of magnitude, and financial sector formalization, with the impact of PCBs higher for the most part. Third, only PCBs significantly decrease informal financial development and both ISOs decrease financial sector informalization. Policy implications are discussed. Originality/value The study assesses the effect of reducing IA on financial development when existing levels of it matter because current studies based on mean values of financial development provide blanket policy implications which are unlikely to be effective unless they are contingent on prevailing levels of financial development and tailored differently across countries with high, intermediate and low initial levels of financial development.

scholarly journals Growth of Output and Productivity in Pakistan’s Agriculture: Trends, Sources, and Policy Implications

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Ali Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Negative Effect

The paper aims to review the growth performance of Pakistan’s agriculture from 1950 to 1995. The long-term growth rate of agriculture, although respectable, has exhibited considerable yearly fluctuations even between decades. The period of the fifties and early seventies lacked any growth. Accelerating and high growth rates marked the decade of the sixties but the performance has not been satisfactory since 1979-80 and average growth rates have barely exceeded the population growth rate, with widespread implications for growth of national economy, food security, and social welfare of the masses. Area, modern inputs, and technology have been the major determinants of growth but prices were equally important because of their incentive and disincentive effects. The agriculture price policies adopted during the 1980s are known to have had a negative effect on the development and use of technology in agriculture. In order to boost agricultural productivity, a change in price policy is needed to ensure incentive prices. This could be done by setting agricultural commodity prices at par with corresponding import and export parity prices. A higher investment in research and development can hardly be overemphasised. There is an urgent need to remove the bottlenecks in agricultural input markets since these markets represent the typical monopoly position. To break up the monopoly of registered dealers and to promote competition, free sales in the open market by interested parties and individuals may be allowed.

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