scholarly journals Bilinguals and Their Perceptions of Both Languages in Their Brains

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Julia Falla-Wood
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Brain

This descriptive research examines the perception of bilingual students on the status of the mother tongue (L1) and the second language (L2) in their brains. The question of the influence or non-influence of L1 in using L2 has been studied under different theoretical frameworks. The issue of the representation of the languages in the brain has also been considered from a neurological perspective. However, no study has been undertaken on how bilinguals themselves perceive both languages in their minds. Do students see L1 and L2 as being together in one system, separate and independent of each other, or independent but sharing an intersection? The sample available to the researcher was 54 high school bilingual students. The research instruments are a questionnaire and a semi-structured face-to-face interview. The results of this study show that the highest percentage of students believe that both languages are independent of each other but share an intersection. All students have compared both languages, and have established differences and similarities between L1 and L2 through mental translations.

Bimodal bilingualism reveals mechanisms of cross-language interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH F. KROLL ◽  
KINSEY BICE
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Brain

In the recent swell of research on bilingualism and its consequences for the mind and the brain, there has been a warning that we need to remember that not all bilinguals are the same (e.g., Green & Abutalebi, 2013; Kroll & Bialystok, 2013; Luk & Bialystok, 2013). There are bilinguals who acquired two languages in early childhood and have used them continuously throughout their lives, bilinguals who acquired one language early and then switched to another language when they entered school or emigrated from one country to another, and others who only acquired a second language (L2) as an adult. Among these forms of bilingualism there are differences in both the context and amount of time spent in each language and differences in the status of the languages themselves. The L2 may be a majority language, spoken by almost everyone in the environment, or a minority language, spoken only by a few. The native or first language (L1) may also be the dominant language or may have been overtaken by the influence of the L2 given the circumstances imposed by the environment. Likewise, the L1 and L2 may vary in how similar they are structurally, whether they share the same written script, or whether one language is spoken and the other signed.

scholarly journals How does CLIL affect the acquisition of reading comprehension in the mother tongue? A comparative study in secondary education

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Esther Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

In the last two decades, CLIL (content and language integrated learning) programmes, in which school subjects such as history, geography or mathematics are taught by means of an additional language, have rapidly spread over all the world, since CLIL has been deemed to be an innovative and effective approach for second language learning. Therefore, research on CLIL has precisely focused on the acquisition of the L2, while other aspects, such as the assimilation of the content taught by means of the second language or the impact of CLIL programmes on the mother tongue have received less attention.In this sense, this paper examines how CLIL programmes affect the development of reading comprehension in the mother tongue. To do so, the outcomes in a test of reading comprehension of CLIL (n = 1,119) and non-CLIL students (= 15,984) enrolled in the 2nd year of secondary education (13-14 years-old) were compared. The results indicated that the acquisition of literal reading comprehension and inferential reading comprehension in the mother tongue significantly benefit from CLIL, whereas no significant differences have been detected in critical reading comprehension. The reading skills most benefited by CLIL were global comprehension, lexical comprehension, understanding of space-time relationships, integration of extra-textual information, and identification of extra-textual relations.These data are explained by the critical importance of reading strategies to succeed in CLIL settings, and by the transfer of these strategies between L1 and L2 and vice versa. This hypothesis is supported by previous research on immersion programmes.

scholarly journals From foreign to national: a review of the status of the French language in Gabon

Literator ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Ndinga-Koumba-Binza
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
French Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Local Languages

This article provides a review of the various statuses of the French language in Gabon, a French-speaking country in Central Africa. It reveals a process in which different generations of Gabonese people are increasingly learning, and thus conceptualising, French as a second language rather than a foreign language. Furthermore, some are also learning and conceptualising French as a mother tongue or initial language, rather than a second language. This process of reconceptualisation has somehow been encouraged by the language policy of the colonial administration and the language policy since the attainment of independence, the latter being a continuation of the former. The final stage of this process is that the language has been adopted among the local languages within the Gabonese language landscape.

The Second Language Exposure and Proficiency of the High School Students in Cebu City

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Dolores L. Aday
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Second Language ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
School Students ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Language Proficiency Test

              This study deals on how the Cebuano high school students are exposed to a second language--English and Filipino, their attitudes towards learning the same and their level of proficiency in such languages. A non-probability convenience sampling was conducted in three high schools in Cebu City getting 171 respondents. They were made to take a language proficiency test in Filipino and English. Interviews and focused group discussions were also done to assess clearly their competence in both languages. The study showed that their exposure to a language counts much in achieving language proficiency. The study, however, negates the relationship between the students’ level of proficiency and their attitude towards learning both languages. Further, this study illustrates how the Bilingual Education Policy as well as the new trends of the Mother Tongue-Based Learning had contributed more to the decline of the students’ English   proficiency.  The domains of English are contracting while those of the Filipino language as well as the regional dialects are expanding. School administrators must look into the language policy in schools to improve the English language competency of the students and make them more globally competitive. 

scholarly journals Influence of Native Language Transfer on Senior High School English Writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Yuhang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Second Language ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
School Students ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
English Writing

English writing is one of the important ways to show the comprehensive ability of second language. The native language transfer has long been concerned by language learners since it was proposed. This study adopts qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the influence of mother tongue transfer on senior high school students' English writing and puts forward corresponding teaching strategies. Through the research, it can be found that native language transfer errors account for a large proportion of errors in English writing error types. In addition, native language transfer has a significant influence on students’ English writing level. It is helpful for students to improve their second language writing ability by adopting comprehensible input and other teaching methods related to mother tongue transfer.

scholarly journals Gambaran Psikologis Remaja SMA Selama Sekolah dari Rumah Akibat Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Mutiara Andini ◽  
Sri Redatin Retno Pudjiati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
School Students ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings

Kebijakan belajar dari rumah menimbulkan masalah baru pada siswa-siswi remaja SMA yang rentan mengalami masalah psikologis dalam menghadapi berbagai perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi psikologis siswa-siswi remaja SMA selama melaksanakan kegiatan sekolah dari rumah akibat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian deskriptif dengan metode internet survei digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Partisipan berjumah 201 remaja berusia 14-18 tahun (Mage=16.62, SD=.73). Hasil menunjukkan sekolah dari rumah membuat siswa-siswi remaja SMA mengalami perasan negatif seperti bosan (35.99%), lelah (24.84%), sedih (18.47%), dan khawatir (11.46%). Beberapa memiliki perasaan positif yaitu senang (8,60%) dan juga netral (0.64%). Perasaan negatif disebabkan oleh berkurangnya interaksi tatap muka dengan guru dan teman, lebih banyak tugas yang diberikan, gangguan internet, dan banyaknya distraksi di rumah. Hal ini perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mencegah masalah psikologis yang lebih parah pada remaja sebagai dampak dari kegiatan belajar dari rumah.School from home create new problems for high school students who experience psychological problems in dealing with various changes. Study aimed to overview the psychological condition of high school students during school from home due to COVID-19. Descriptive research with internet survey method was used in this research. Participants consisted of 201 adolescent aged 14-18 years (Mage=16.62, SD=.73). Result indicated that high school students experience negative feelings during school from home such as boredom (35.99%), tired (24.84%), sad (18.47%), and worried (11.46%). Some have positive feelings, such as happy (8.60%) and neutral feeling (0.64%). Negative feelings caused by less face-to-face interactions with teachers and friends, more assignments, internet problem, and distractions at home. This needs consideration to prevent psychological problems in adolescents as a result of school from home.

scholarly journals How does CLIL affect the acquisition of reading comprehension in the mother tongue? A comparative study in secondary education

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

In the last two decades, CLIL (content and language integrated learning) programmes, in which school subjects such as history, geography or mathematics are taught by means of an additional language, have rapidly spread over all the world, since CLIL has been deemed to be an innovative and effective approach for second language learning. Therefore, research on CLIL has precisely focused on the acquisition of the L2, while other aspects, such as the assimilation of the content taught by means of the second language or the impact of CLIL programmes on the mother tongue have received less attention.In this sense, this paper examines how CLIL programmes affect the development of reading comprehension in the mother tongue. To do so, the outcomes in a test of reading comprehension of CLIL (n = 1,119) and non-CLIL students (= 15,984) enrolled in the 2nd year of secondary education (13-14 years-old) were compared. The results indicated that the acquisition of literal reading comprehension and inferential reading comprehension in the mother tongue significantly benefit from CLIL, whereas no significant differences have been detected in critical reading comprehension. The reading skills most benefited by CLIL were global comprehension, lexical comprehension, understanding of space-time relationships, integration of extra-textual information, and identification of extra-textual relations.These data are explained by the critical importance of reading strategies to succeed in CLIL settings, and by the transfer of these strategies between L1 and L2 and vice versa. This hypothesis is supported by previous research on immersion programmes.

Central Language Hypothesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Duygu Buğa
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
The Brain ◽  
At Home

The purpose of this chapter is to define and present central language integration by neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects in bilingual and multilingual persons in emotion-based circumstances. Central language hypothesis (CLH) imparts that one language in the subconscious mind of bilingual and multilingual individuals is more suppressive and it is structured as central language. It has an emotional background such that if limbic cortex of the brain gets any stimulus (e.g., fear, anxiety, sorrow, etc.), the brain directly produces the CL. This phenomenon distinguishes CL from the notion of mother tongue because mother tongue is the first language that is acquired at home, but CL may be the second language as well.

On the Mutual Effect of L1 and L2 in SLA: A Brief Look at Cook's Multi-competence

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Teimourtash ◽  
Nima Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
First Language ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
L1 And L2

Considering the notion of multi-competence coined by Cook (1991) calls on the necessity to revisit the stance of first language in foreign language teaching.  The use of mother tongue in second language acquisition (SLA) is widely criticized by many practitioners, notably Krashen (1981). However, more recently Widdowson (2003) also called for an explicitly bilingual approach. The present paper, though arguing for the use of L1 in L2 context, did not ignore the fact that L2 can exert inevitable effects on L1.

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