scholarly journals ADVERSE EFFECT OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Akshara Shukla ◽  
Rohitash Jamwal ◽  
Kumud Bala
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Synthetic Hormones ◽  
Natural Hormones ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTOral contraceptive (OC) pills contain estrogen and progestin that are synthetic analogs of natural hormones. These synthetic hormones affectthe hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female reproductive system. There are many types of contraceptives; most of the OC pills preventpregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. Estrogen and progestin are two female reproductive hormones that are critical. Typically, estradiol is producedby growing follicle (ovaries) which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which further stimulates theanterior pituitary to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH production triggers the ovulation. Similarly, theprogesterone is produced by corpus luteum (ovaries), which triggers the production of FSH and LH. There are many types of progesterone available.Long-term usage of synthetic estrogen and progesterone can disturb the balance between the level of these hormones in the body. This imbalance maylead to severe side effects such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, thrombosis, direct impact on the brain, and infertility.Keywords: Estrogen, Progesterone, Contraceptives, Herbal contraceptives.

scholarly journals Comparative study of ormeloxifene and low dose oral contraceptive pill for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in peri-menopausal age group

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Maitri Shah ◽  
Chirayu Parmar ◽  
Riddhi Gor
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
T Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is the most common menstrual disorder of women in any age group and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Medical management of menorrhagia is a difficult task as there are wide variations in the available drugs and a lot of different regimes are available. Present study evaluates efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) as compared to combined oral contraceptive pills in treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women.Methods: Total 60 patients meeting with our inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study over a time period of 6 months and were further divided randomly into two groups. One group was given Ormeloxifene and the other group was treated with combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) over a period of six months. The outcome variables noted were pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score, Hb level and combined endometrial thickness (CET). Quantitative variables were compared using independent t test/Mann-Whitney test between the two groups and paired t Test/Wilcoxon test was used for comparison between pre and post within the group.Results: Both ormeloxifene and COCP significantly reduce blood loss in these patients evidenced by decrease of PBAC score, rise in hemoglobin levels and decrease in CET levels. However, ormeloxifene was found to be superior to COCP in reducing the menstrual blood loss. Ormeloxifene was also tolerated better compared to COCP with fewer side effects experienced by patients.

scholarly journals Histological changes of uterus after comparative treatment of female rats by Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and combined oral contraceptive pills

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kaid Naji Allow ◽  
Ayah Rebhi Hilles ◽  
Zainab Yousef ◽  
Norbaiyah Mohamed Bakrim ◽  
Belqees Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Introduction: This study evaluates the histological changes of uterine tissue in the female Sprague Dawley rats after administration of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds in comparison to combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs). Methods: Twenty four female Sprague Dawley strain rats of 8 weeks old were divided into A, B, and C groups. Group A was the control and B was administrated with 0.05 mg/kg body weight of COCPs for 15 days. Group C was treated with 750 mg/kg body weight of fenugreek seed aqueous (FSA) extract for 15 days. The uterine tissues were isolated and studied histologically. Results: The uterine weight in the FSA extract treated group was normal, while in the COCPs treated group it was insignificantly increased. The endometrial thickness and endometrial gland density were normal in the FSA extract treated group, while in the COCPs treated group it was atrophied. Decidual-like cells were observed in the COCPs treated group only. Conclusions: Endometrial atrophy and decidual-like cells were noted after COCPs treatment while in the FSA extract and control groups they were absent. The findings suggest that fenugreek seeds could be used as an alternative natural and safe contraceptive product.

Cochrane Review: Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele O Arowojolu ◽  
Maria F Gallo ◽  
Laureen M Lopez ◽  
David A Grimes ◽  
Sarah E Garner
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

scholarly journals Ormeloxifene versus combined oral contraceptive pills to control blood loss in cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4909
Author(s):  
Ankita Gupta ◽  
Rishika Raj
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is one of the most often encountered gynecologic problems causing anemia, reduced quality of life and unnecessary hysterectomies. A prospective study was conducted on women with DUB to study the effect of ormeloxifene versus combined oral contraceptive pills in controlling blood loss in them.Methods: 100 Women with DUB were enrolled randomly in three groups. After baseline assessment each patient in group A was treated with iron tablets, containing 100 mg elemental iron and folic acid 1.5 mg, for three months and were termed as control group. Group B patients were treated with ormeloxifene in dose of 60 mg twice a week for twelve weeks. Group C patients were treated with combined oral contraceptive pills for twenty- one days starting from third day of their LMP. The treatment was continued for three consecutive cycles. The efficacy of the studied drugs was analyzed by comparing the baseline and post treatment PBAC score, haemoglobin level and endometrial thickness, using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Ormeloxifene was more effective than only iron or combined oral contraceptive therapy in controlling menstrual blood loss (79.11% versus 58.57%). There was a reduction in endometrial thickness in group receiving ormeloxifene as well as in the group receiving combined oral contraceptive pills (p=0.486), however this was statistically not significant.Conclusions: Ormeloxifene was significantly better than combined OCP in reduction of menstrual blood flow in cases of DUB. It has better compliance and marked improvement in subjective symptoms as compared to OCP.

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome with Posterior Leucoencephalopathy after Oral Contraceptive Pills

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Soo ◽  
AB Singhal ◽  
T Leung ◽  
S Yu ◽  
H Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by sudden-onset recurrent ‘thunderclap’ headaches with reversible multifocal narrowing of the cerebral arteries, often associated with focal neurological deficits from ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. It has been associated with exposure to vasoconstrictive drugs, pregnancy, migraine, and a variety of other conditions. Whereas the pathophysiology of RCVS remains unclear, changes in the levels of female hormones are considered important because RCVS predominantly affects women and is frequently associated with pregnancy. We report a patient with angiographically confirmed RCVS whose MRI showed reversible brain oedema, suggesting an overlap between RCVS and the reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome. The only identified risk factor was oral contraceptive pills started 1 month prior to onset, supporting a role for female reproductive hormones in precipitating this overlap syndrome.

RCT of continuous versus cyclic use of combined oral contraceptive pills

Contraception ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
K. Nanda ◽  
A. Lendvay ◽  
C. Kwok ◽  
E. Tolley ◽  
K. Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Pills
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