scholarly journals A SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM TUNJUK LANGIT RHIZOME (HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA) ON ALBINO RATS, RATTUS NOVERTICUS (WISTAR STRAIN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Fitrya Fitrya ◽  
Najma Annuria Fithry
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Group V ◽  
Toxic Symptom ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Objective: Traditionally, Tunjuk langit (Helmynthostachis zaylanica) rhizome has been used as anticancer and anti-inflammation drugs; however, it may have toxic effects on major organs for a long-term continuously consecutive consumption. Therefore, this study was carried out to test sub- chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract of the rhizome on Albino rats, Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain). Methods: A total of 100 male and female rats were divided into five groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were orally administered with ethanol extracts of 68, 136, 272, and 554 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively. Meanwhile, Group V used as a control was no treatment with the extract. A toxic symptom has been observed by analyzing several parameters, namely BW, hematologic and biochemical properties, macroscopic organs, and relative organ weight.Results: In general, the results show that there is no any toxic symptom and statistically insignificant differences in these parameters between treated and control groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the ethanol extract of Tunjuk Langit rhizome does not have effects of subchronic toxicity.Keywords: Tunjuk langit rhizome, Ethanol extract, Subchronic toxicity.

Evaluation of the Effect of Subchronic Administration of the 70% Ethanol Extract of Millettiea ferruginea (Hochst) Bak (Fabaceae) Seeds on Biochemical, Haematological and Histopathological Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Debebe ◽  
Molla Getu ◽  
Mekbeb Afework ◽  
Aster Tsegaye ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Millettiea ferruginea (Hochst) Bak (Fabaceae) is an indigenous plant, traditionally used for the treatment of various disease conditions in Ethiopia  without substantiating its safety. This study, therefore, evaluated its toxicity in albino Wistar rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of M. ferruginea was prepared by maceration of the powdered seeds in 70% ethanol. The effect of extract administration to albino Wistar albino rats for 90 days at doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg b/w was investigated. Subchronic administration of the extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and monocytes in female rats. The blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and urea in the female, and CK in male rats treated with the extract at 250 mg/kg were significantly increased. Histopathological investigation of the liver revealed signs of blood congestions in portal vein and hepatic artery at 125 mg/kg, and minor inflammation, congestions and focal hepatocellular necrosis at 250 mg/kg in both sexes. The extract produced atrophy of the glomeruli, widened urinary space andinflammation of the kidney at both doses, and also caused minor tubular necrosis and peritubular blood congestions at 250 mg/kg in both male and female rats. In the heart of extract treated rats, there were congestions of blood vessels and necrosis of myocardium at both doses, and inflammation at 250 mg/kg. Desquamation and infiltration of the mucosa at both doses, and submucosal atrophy at 125 mg/kg and blood congestions at 250 mg/kg were observed in the small intestine of extract treated rats. The present findings suggest that the extract is relatively safe at therapeutic dose, although some signs of toxicity occurred mainly at the higher dose in female rats. Additional investigations on chronic administration of the extract is recommended to further substantiate the safety of the plant. Keywords: Millettia ferruginea, ethanol seed extract, toxicity, histopathology, Wistar albino rats 

scholarly journals Subacute Toxicity Effect of Psidium guajava Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Gaster in Wistar Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Esti Dyah Utami ◽  
Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽  
Nuryanti Nuryanti
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Test Materials

Psidium guajava leaves have been proven be antiallergic. From the results of previous research, the ethanol extract of leaves is included in the class materials "Practically Non-Toxic." However, repeated administration may cause toxic effects on body organs, one of which was gaster. Subchronic toxicity had been carried out on 20 male Wistar rats and 20 female wistar albino rats. The test materials were administered orally, every day for 28 days. There are 3 (three) doses of test materials which were 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg/kg BW. Observation of the general toxic effect was performed everyday, then organ sampling was performed on day 29 to examined gaster histology and score using Barthel-Manja methods. The result showed that administration of Psidium guajava leaves extract for 28 days caused physical and behavioral changes, caused soft and mucous feces, and also respiratory disorder. But the extract at dose 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg/kg BW did not caused changes on gaster histology profile and score. In conclusion, the extract did not have subchronic toxicity effect on gaster rat, but might caused general toxic effect in the higher dose.

Hippocampal or pyriform lobe damage in infancy and endocrine development of rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Riss ◽  
Stephen D. Burstein ◽  
Robert W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioral Indices ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Lesions were produced in the brains of male and female albino rats at 1 week of age. It was found that bilateral hippocampal damage is associated with diminished gonadal and adrenal development when that development is estimated by morphologic and behavioral indices (running activity). Only those female rats with bilateral degeneration of the dorsal fornix failed to exhibit cyclic running. Both male and female rats with considerable bilateral hippocampal damage showed diminished running, smaller-sized gonads, and larger thymus bodies at 75–80 days of age. On the other hand, male and female rats with bilateral damage to the pyriform lobe developed a precocious spurt in running activity. A spurt is normally associated with puberty. The question of whether the hippocampus and pyriform lobe should be regarded only as "centers" for trophic stimulation or suppression or whether they should be regarded as important links in circuits mediating an endocrine response to environmental conditions is discussed.

scholarly journals Gastrin, Histamine Prostaglandin: Indicators for assessing efficacy of cimetidine, Omeprazole and Ranitidine in Gastric Ulcer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Jimmy Etukudo Okon ◽  
Gideon Umezuruike Egesie
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organ Specific

Background and Objectives: There is increase prevalence of gastric ulcer in the society, but the drugs that are sensitive for radical cure are not screened with physiologic markers such which affect proper management of the disease. The objective of the study is to relate various sources or organ specific templates: gastrin, histamine and prostaglandin relating with the disease in evaluating the potencies of cimetidine, ranitidine and omeprazole for best choice of the drugs in gastric ulcer disease treatment.Material and Methods: Plasma, gastric and antral prostaglandins, histamine and gastrin levels were studied in ninety-six (96), male and female Swiss albino rats for 28 days, using high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Male and female rats with gastric ulcer treated with cimetidine, omepraszole and ranitidine showed no significant difference (P>0.5) in gastrin and the drug groups in plasma, gastric and antral concentrations. But, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in histamine levels between cimetidine, omeprazole and ranitidine in their gastric and plasma concentration. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in prostaglandin values between cimetidine, omeprazole and ranitidine. Also there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in gastric and plasma levels of gastrin, histamine and prostaglandin between 7, 14, 21 and 28 days treatment period. But, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in antral concentration of gastrin, histamines and prostaglandin between the drug groups. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in antral gastrin between male and female rats in cimetidine and ranitidine treatment. The three drugs were associated with high levels of gastrin, histamine, low prostaglandin though cimetidine showed higher concentration of prostaglandin.Conclusion: It is concluded that gastrin, histamine and prostaglandin are sensitive indicators in evaluating anti-ulcerogenic drugs efficacies.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 5-12

Evaluation of genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of standardized rose hip extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nagatomo ◽  
M Oguri ◽  
N Nishida ◽  
M Ogawa ◽  
A Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Rose Hip

Rose hip is the fruit of the rose plant, which is widely used in food, cosmetics and as a traditional medicine. Therefore, rose hip is considered safe and has a sufficient history of consumption as food. However, few studies have reported on the safety of rose hip extracts in toxicological analyses. Thus, to evaluate the safety of rosehip polyphenol MJ (RHPMJ), an aqueous ethanol extract standardized with the trans-tiliroside content, we performed genotoxicity and 90-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies in compliance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-Good Laboratory Practice. RHPMJ did not induce gene mutations in reverse mutation tests of Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strains and did not induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells. Moreover, micronucleus tests using rat bone marrow showed RHPMJ had no micronucleus-inducing potential. Finally, 90-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies (100–1000 mg/kg) in male and female rats showed no treatment-related toxicity in rats. These data indicate that the RHPMJ had no genotoxicity and a no-observed-adverse-effect level greater than 1000 mg/kg in rats.

DEVELOPMENT OF A STRAIN OF RATS WITH GREATER THAN NORMAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OXYGEN POISONING

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Oxygen Poisoning ◽  
Parent Generation

Male and female rats of the Wistar strain were exposed to oxygen at high pressure (OHP) once per week for 3 weeks. Based on the incidence and severity of the convulsions observed, animals were selected which were considered the most susceptible and the most resistant to oxygen poisoning. The animals were mated and the offspring exposed to OHP. The rats from susceptible parents were more than normally susceptible to oxygen poisoning as gauged by time until onset of convulsions, incidence and severity of convulsions, and mortality. The animals from resistant parents were no more tolerant of OHP than were the randomly selected rats of the parent generation. Similar results were observed with a third generation of rats obtained by mating second generation susceptible and resistant animals respectively.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BACOLEPIS NERVOSA (WIGHT AND ARN.) DECNE. EX MOQ. EXTRACT ON ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Arockia Jenecius Alphonse A. ◽  
Mohan V. R. ◽  
Doss A.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of stem and leaf of Bacolepis nervosa as antihyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). The ethanol extract of B. nervosa leaf and stem at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight was administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes-induced rats for a period of 14 d. The effect of ethanol extract of B. nervosa leaf and stem on blood glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, HbA1C, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes, serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidase (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the diabetic rats.Results: The ethanol extract of B. nervosa stem and leaf elicited significant reduction in blood glucose (p<0.001), serum enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) (p<0.01), lipid parameters (TC, TG, VLDL-LDL, PL) (p<0.01) except HDL-C and significantly increased insulin (p<0.01), HDL-C (p<0.05),, GPx, GSH, SOD and CAT (p<0.05) at the dose of 300 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic-induced control.Conclusion: From the above results, it is concluded that ethanol extracts of B. nervosa leaf and stem possesses significant antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity of Fish Oil Concentrates in Male and Female Rats.

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Isaac RABBANI ◽  
Hamida Z. ALAN ◽  
Stuart J. CHIRTEL ◽  
Robert E. DUVALL ◽  
Randolph C. JACKSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

INSULIN AND GLUCOSE LEVELS IN ACUTE AND CHRONICALLY URAEMIC RATS

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAL M. SAEED ◽  
H. A. EL MUNSHID ◽  
M. Y. SUKKAR ◽  
S. M. ABDEL WAHAB
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Diethyl Ether Anaesthesia

Departments of Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan (Received 31 October 1977) The important role of the kidney in the degradation and excretion of insulin has recently been reviewed (Rubenstein & Spitz, 1968; Rubenstein, Mako & Horwitz, 1975). The kidney functions with a wide margin of safety but the minimum functional renal mass required for the effective elimination of insulin is not known. The present report deals with the effects of total and five-sixths nephrectomy on the concentrations of insulin and glucose in the blood. The effects of uraemia itself, produced by bilateral ureteric ligation, have also been studied. Albino rats of the Wistar strain (mean weight 232 ± 5 (s.e.m.) g) were used. Except for ten female rats included in the acutely uraemic group, the remainder of the animals were male. The subsequent operations were performed under open diethyl ether anaesthesia

scholarly journals Effect of Ashwagandharishta on the lipid profile of male and female rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tasmina Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Salahuddin Bhuiya ◽  
Rakib Hasan ◽  
MSK Choudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The effect of Ashwagandharishta on the lipid profile and chronic toxicity of both male and female Albino rats were observed for 51 days. Our results demonstrate that the treatment of the plant extract failed to exhibit any statistically significant change (increase/ decrease) in the serum cholesterol (Total), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride of the male rats. But the female rats showed highly (p<0.01) and very highly (p<0.001) significant decrease in the serum cholesterol (Total) levels of the medium and high dose treated groups respectively. Regarding HDL, ASG showed statistically significant decrease at low (p <0.05), medium (p<0.01) and high (p<0.001) dose treated female rats. The LDL level of the medium dose treated female rats were statistically significant (p <0.05). The serum Triglyceride decreased significantly at low (p<0.01) and high (p <0.05) dose treated female rats. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 59-68, 2020 (June & December)

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