scholarly journals BIO-CONTROL OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT UROPATHOGENS USING MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
VIGI CHAUDHARY ◽  
RAGHUVANSHI RK ◽  
NAVEEN CHAUDHARY ◽  
GAURAV SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of some medicinal plants used in Ayurveda in treating multiple drug-resistant human pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: Dried parts of six medicinal plants used in Ayurveda for treating UTI were Soxhlet extracted, and the extract was concentrated in vacuo. Various concentrations of the extract were tested for antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of multiple drug-resistant bacteria causing UTI. Results: Preliminary results showed the promising antibacterial effect of plant extracts. Escherichia coli, the most common pathogen associated with UTI, was susceptible to aqueous extracts of all the six medicinal plants. Conclusion: This study concluded that the medicinal plants used in Ayurveda to treat UTIs are effective against multiple drug-resistant uropathogens. Further study in this regard may lead to the identification of novel antimicrobial agent for treating multiple drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Multiple-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods Carrying the Metallo-β-Lactamase GeneblaIMP

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 2006-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Hirakata ◽  
Koichi Izumikawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiromu Takemura ◽  
Hironori Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Gram-negative rods (GNR) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaIMP, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in Japan. Although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution ofblaIMP-positive GNR in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. To address this, a system for the rapid detection of theblaIMP gene with a simple DNA preparation and by enzymatic detection of PCR products was developed. A total of 933 ceftazidime-resistant strains of GNR isolated between 1991 and 1996 at Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan, were screened for theblaIMP gene; 80 isolates were positive, including 53 P. aeruginosa isolates, 13 other glucose-nonfermenting bacteria, 13 S. marcescens isolates, and 1 Citrobacter freundii isolate. Most of the patients from whom blaIMP-positive organisms were isolated had malignant diseases (53.8%). The organisms caused urinary tract infections, pneumonia, or other infections in 46.3% of the patients, while they were just colonizing the other patients evaluated. It was possible that blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa strains contributed to the death of four patients, while the other infections caused by GNR carryingblaIMP were not lethal. DNA fingerprinting analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested the cross transmission of strains within the hospital. The isolates were ceftazidime resistant and were frequently resistant to other antibiotics. Although no particular means of pathogenesis ofblaIMP-positive GNR is evident at present, the rapid detection of such strains is necessary to help with infection control practices for the prevention of their dissemination and the transmission of the resistance gene to other pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Whole genome analysis of ExPEC ST73 from a single hospital over a 2-year period identified different circulating clonal groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Bogema ◽  
J McKinnon ◽  
M Liu ◽  
N Hitchick ◽  
N Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sydney Australia

AbstractST73 has emerged as one of the most frequently isolated extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). To examine the localised diversity of ST73 clonal groups including their mobile genetic elements profile, we sequenced the genomes of 16 multiple drug-resistant ST73 isolates from patients with urinary tract infection from a single hospital in Sydney, Australia between 2009 and 2011. Genome sequences were used to generate a SNP-based phylogenetic tree to determine the relationship of these isolates in a global context with ST73 sequences (n=210) from public databases. There was no evidence of a dominant outbreak strain of ST73 in patients from this hospital, rather we identified at least eight separate groups, several of which reoccur, over a two-year period. The inferred phylogeny of all ST73 strains (n=226) including the ST73 Clone D i2 reference genome shows high bootstrap support and clusters into four major groups which correlate with serotype. The Sydney ST73 strains carry a wide variety of virulence-associated genes but the presence of iss, pic and several iron acquisition operons was notable.ImpactST73 is a major clonal lineage of ExPEC that causes urinary tract infections often with uroseptic sequelae but has not garnered substantial scientific interest as the globally disseminated ST131. Isolation of multiple antimicrobial resistant variants of ExPEC ST73 have increased in frequency, but little is known about the carriage of class 1 integrons in this sequence type and the plasmids that are likely to mobilise them. This pilot study examines the ST73 isolates within a single hospital in Sydney Australia and provides the first large-scale core-genome phylogenetic analysis of ST73 utilizing public sequence read datasets. We used this analysis to identify at least 8 sub-groups of ST73 within this single hospital. Mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance were less diverse and only three class 1 integron structures were identified, all sharing the same basic structure suggesting that the acquisition of drug resistance is a recent event. Genomic epidemiological studies are needed to further characterise established and emerging clonal populations of multiple drug resistant ExPEC to identify sources and aid outbreak investigations.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infections in Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan B. Cohn ◽  
Anthony J. Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an exceedingly common problem prompting seven million office visits and one million hospitalizations in the United States each year (1). Advances in the understanding of both host and bacterial factors involved in UTI have led to many improvements in therapy. While there have also been advances in the realm of antimicrobials, there have been numerous problems with multiple drug resistant organisms. Providing economical care while minimizing drug resistance requires appropriate diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ampicillin Destroy Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2768-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Brown ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
Tova A. Samuels ◽  
Jiangrui Lu ◽  
Sherine O. Obare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTWe show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.

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