TRADITIONAL METHOD OF MUNG BEANS (VIGNA RADIATA) PRESERVATION USING PANCHAGAVYA AND ITS EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION

Objective: Callosobruchus chinensis is a major pest that affects mung bean causing severe damage during storage. The objective of the present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of panchagavya in larvicidal activity on C. chinensis and its seed germination was observed. Methods: The methods used in this study were followed by observing the people at a remote village in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. This study is about the traditional knowledge of the use of cow urine in panchagavya described in Ayurveda and its application in seed preservation. Results: The ovicidal activity of panchagavya was remarkably good. The ability of ovicidal (instar) development into an adult beetle was found to be nothing. C. chinensis instar and adult beetle showed 100% mortality when treated with cow urine in small concentrations and good seed germination was observed. Conclusion: Panchagavya is potentially effective and eco-friendly in controlling beetles in grains storage and its enhanced seed germination.

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Sources of infection and methods of control of Septoria oenotheraein evening primrose (Oenotheraspp.)

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.53.2005.4.4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 385-391

Author(s):

M. N. O'Connell ◽

V. Kethees Wararajah ◽

A. F. Fieldsend ◽

F. J. Cullum

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Crop Loss ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Evening Primrose ◽

Commercial Seed ◽

Fungal Propagules ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Agar Media ◽

Sources Of Infection ◽

Methods Of Control

Septoria oenotheraeWest. can cause severe damage in overwintered crops of evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), including complete crop loss. Damage would be reduced if the sources of infection could be identified and removed. Examination of seed capsules inoculated with S. oenotheraeshowed that 96% of the pycnidia present were on the outside of the capsules, and seeds bearing pycnidia were only rarely found. However, internal infection of seeds from these capsules was demonstrated by both a blotter test and by culturing on agar media. Immersing seeds in 45°C water for 25 minutes destroyed viable fungal propagules located internally in seeds without reducing seed germination. The pathogen was also shown to overwinter in the pycnidial stage on stems left standing in the field. It is concluded that both internal seed-borne infection and overwintered crop debris are potential sources of infection in commercial seed stocks of evening primrose.

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Application of Insecticides on Eggs of Callosobruchus chinensis L. Using Different Types of Pulse Seeds

Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development ◽

10.3329/jard.v4i1.773 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 89-93

Author(s):

MZA Pramanik ◽

MA Sardar

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Key Words ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Lower Number ◽

Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽

Seed Damage ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Pulse Beetle ◽

Different Types ◽

Emergent Adults

Experiments were carried out in the laboratory to assess the effectiveness of Nogos, Malathion, Sevin and Limper on lentil, gram, grasspea, greengram and blackgram seeds with eggs of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. Insecticides were sprayed on the seeds along with eggs and found that all the tested insecticides inhibited hatching of eggs resulting in significantly lowest rate of adult emergence. Nogos and Malathion recorded the lower number of emergent adults. The overall 26.35- 100% reduction of seed damage and 40-100% weight losses were achieved in insecticides treated seeds of five different types of pulses showing highest reduction in seed damage and weight losses due to Nogos and Malathion treatments. The treatment of the pulse seeds with the insecticides did not affect the seed germination. Key words: Insecticides, pulse beetle, egg treatment, pulses, seed damage.

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Climate impacts of natural farming: A cradle to gate comparison between conventional practice and Andhra Pradesh Community Natural Farming.

10.31220/agrirxiv.2020.00013 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Todd S. Rosenstock ◽

Megan Mayzelle ◽

Nictor Namoi ◽

Peter Fantke

Keyword(s):

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Residue Management ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

The People ◽

Natural Farming ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

Rice Water

Abstract This paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of Andhra Pradesh Community Natural Farming (APCNF) and conventional management systems across six cropping systems in Andhra Pradesh, India. The six crops investigated, i.e. paddy rice, groundnut, maize, chillies, cotton and Bengal gram, account for more than 80% of crop area in the state. Greenhouse gas emissions (carbon footprint) were assessed using methods consistent with Life Cycle Analysis. Given the potential for APCNF to affect multiple ecological, economic and social aspects of farming, the study also briefly comments on preliminary results for yields, costs, gender-differentiated labor, ecosystem impact, and human toxicity by synthesizing the available literature and reporting preliminary results from data collection. The results suggest that APCNF emissions are likely to be significantly lower than those of conventional systems. APCNF would reduce emissions by a minimum of 23% in comparison to conventional practices at the field level. A transition to APCNF could save on average of 5.1 million tonnes CO2eq year-1, which is approximately equal to mitigating 30% of emissions from this cropland. Massive potential for emission reductions remain untapped in terms of residue management, paddy rice water management, livestock, and agroforestry. Trends in preliminary data on other social and environmental outcomes support previous studies, and would seem to indicate that APCNF may generate substantial benefits for the people and landscapes of Andhra Pradesh.

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Quantification and conceptual validation of the inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v43236031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Sueny Kelly Santos de França ◽

Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽

Marina de Resende Faria Guimarães ◽

José da Cruz Machado

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Real Time ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

White Mold ◽

Inoculum Potential ◽

Severe Damage ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold, is widespread throughout the world. The disease is considered to be one of the major diseases of soybean and bean crops in Brazil. The pathogen S. sclerotiorum is spread by soybean and bean seeds both in the form of sclerotia and dormant mycelium inside the seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between different potentials of S. sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds and the performance of these seeds, as well as to verify the localization and quantification of the inoculum of the pathogen in the seeds inoculated by Real-time PCR (qPCR), validating the term inoculum potential. Soybean and bean seeds were inoculated with the fungus by the osmotic conditioning method based on the exposure of the seeds to the fungus for periods of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Molecular analysis was carried out by means of qPCR in whole seeds and dissected in the integument, cotyledon and embryonic axis. The results showed that the effects of S. sclerotiorum on seed germination and vigor were progressive and proportional to the increases in inoculum potentials, since there was more severe damage to the seeds and consequently to the emerged plants at the highest potential (P96). The inoculum of the pathogen was found in all parts of the evaluated seeds, even at its lowest inoculum potential (P24), with an increasing DNA concentration, and the integument obtained a greater amount of DNA than the embryo, in comparison.

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Ethnomedicinal plants in Parammakonda, Konada, Nareduvalasa and Jayathi sacred groves in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2018.7.3.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 2127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jhansi Katta ◽

Khasim S.M. ◽

Venkatesh R.M.

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Sacred Groves ◽

The People ◽

The World ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses ◽

Leaf Part ◽

Scientific Name

Sacred Groves are the places of Natural vegetation being protected by the people with a firm belief on Nature and God. The tradition of worshipping nature, trees is a practise all over the world. This made them rich with flora and biological wealth. The groves are beneficial to mankind as they had medicinal, economical, agricultural and edible plants. The present groves are Parammakonda, Jayathi, Nareduvalasa and Konada. Ethnobotanical uses of 103 species belonging to 95 genera and 53 families used by the tribal Kondadora, fishermen and other people are identified and the local name, scientific name, family, habit and uses are documented during the study. Maximum species belong to Euphorbiaceae (8) and Fabaceae (8). The tribal people are using more plant species for treating skin diseases. The leaf part is profusely used followed by stem, root and fruit, trees are used mostly for the herbal medicine. Many plant species which are endemic, endangered and rare are also preserved in the groves. They are the repositories of genetic diversity and play an impotant role in cleaning environment. They play multifunctional role in local communities, thus there is an urgent need to conserve them and to protect the biodiversity.

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ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN LOBULUS AURICULAE, TRAGUS AND DARWIN'S TUBERCLE OF EXTERNAL EAR- A POPULATION STUDY

10.36106/7518696 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-29

Author(s):

Harini. M ◽

Neelima. P ◽

R. Ravi Sunder

Keyword(s):

Population Study ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Population Group ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

External Ear ◽

The People ◽

Common Shape

External ear is unique in its morphology. It is developed from the fusion of six auricular hillocks. Variations occur during the development which differ not only among populations but also within the population group. The present study was done on the people of north coastal Andhra Pradesh, to determine the variations in the shape, thickness and attachment of ear lobes, morphology of tragus and Darwin's tubercle. The photographs of 284 ears of 142 students (78girls, 64boys) were analyzed and compared. The most common shape of the tragus was found to be nodular in both males (right-76.8%; left-77.3%) and females (right-85.2, left- 86.7%), followed by elongated and the least common shape was triangular. Lobulus auriculae had arched shape as the commonest in both males (right-68.2%; left- 66.3%) and females (right-70.3%; left- 69.6%) followed by tongue shape and square shape. The least common was triangular. Most common form of Darwin's tubercle from the study was “elongated” in both males (right-68.4%; left-69.3%) and females (62.3%; 61.4%). These variations were bilateral showing variations in both right and left ears.

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Oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity of three edible oils (black seed, sesame and soybean oils) against puls beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Lin.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on green gram, Vigna radiata

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65

Author(s):

Sharmin Akter ◽

Shanjida Sultana ◽

Tangin Akter ◽

Shefali Begum

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Oviposition Deterrent ◽

Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽

Ovicidal Activity ◽

Black Seed ◽

Black Seed Oil

The effectiveness of three different edible oils - black seed (Nigella sativa), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and soybean (Glycene max) was evaluated for the control of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis on green mung pulse, Vigna radiata. The oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity of these three oils were compared between fresh mung pulses and pulses treated at different doses (1, 3 and 6 μl). The results indicated that the rate of oviposition and the mean number of emerged adults of C. chinensis on mung pulses treated with black seed, sesame and soybean oil were lower than their respective control pulses. The lowest number of eggs were recorded in soybean oil treated seeds (13.8 ± 1.07, 12.6 ± 1.36, 10.0 ± 1.82) followed by sesame (51.8 ± 4.63, 25.8 ± 8.52, 14.2 ± 4.50) and black seed oil (67.2 ± 9.71, 27.4 ± 5.52, 21.0 ± 5.54) at dose 1 μl, 3 μl and 6 μl, respectively in order. Soybean oil at the rate of 6μl/50 seeds was significantly effective (10.0 ± 1.82) to inhibit egg deposition. In case of ovicidal activity, minimum number of adults were emerged from black seed oil treated pulses (25.2 ± 2.73, 24.2 ± 0.58, 22.4 ± 1.17 at dose 1, 3 and 6 μl, respectively). Black seed oil at the rate of 6μl/ 50 seeds was the most effective (22.4 ± 1.17) than other edible oils. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 59-65, 2019

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On the Cross of Sant'Andrea: The Response to the Tragedy of San Giuliano di Puglia following the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.1767162 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 341-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Randolph Langenbach ◽

Alberto Dusi

Keyword(s):

Recovery Process ◽

Well Being ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Building Stock ◽

Initial Decision ◽

The People ◽

The One ◽

Molise Earthquake ◽

Town Center ◽

The Town

This paper reviews the recovery process in San Giuliano di Puglia, the one town in the Molise earthquake to suffer both extensive fatalities and widespread severe damage to its building stock. It focuses on three issues related to the recovery process: (1) the initial decision to close the central part of the town and to relocate most of the townspeople into temporary housing, (2) the location and design of the temporary “new village,” (3) the demolition rather than repair of many damaged buildings, and (4) the ongoing planning for the permanent relocation of the town center to a new area away from what had been the town's “main street.” The paper discusses the inspection, shoring and demolition process. Connecting all these issues is the question of how relief aid should be managed to best assist in recovery on all levels, including the psychological well-being of the people and the community.

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