DEVELOPMENT OF PAPER-BASED ANALYTICAL DEVICE FOR DETECTING DIAZEPAM IN URINE

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43864 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 223-227

Author(s):

RIMADANI PRATIWI ◽

NISA AMALIA ◽

ALIYA NUR HASANAH

Keyword(s):

Urine Sample ◽

Color Change ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Red Color ◽

Wax Printing ◽

Colorimetric Reagent ◽

Spiked Urine Sample ◽

Analytical Device

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop Paper-based Analytical Devices (PADs) with colorimetric method as a presumptive test for detecting diazepam in urine Methods: Colorimetric method was used as a principle of this study. PADs were fabricated with wax-printing methods. Chosen colorimetric reagent was tested for selectivity with hydromorphone and codeine; and sensitivity by measuring the absorbance with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. PADs were tested for its sensitivity and stability. The intensity of color developed on PADs are measured with ImageJ. The ability of PADs to detect diazepam in urine was simulated with testing spiked urine sample to the PADs Results: Zimmermann gave the most obvious prominent color change from colorless to purple-red color out of the four reagents. PAD is selective to diazepam when tested with hydromorphone and codeine. PAD is sensitive with a cut-off concentration at 100 ppm. PAD can detect diazepam in urine with the highest recovery percent at 92.8%±4,6 Conclusion: It can be concluded that PAD is quite selective and sensitive to detect diazepam in urine and can be done easily and fast for onsite analysis

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Determination and Identification of Daminozide in Fresh Fruits Purchased in Japan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-53.8.689 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 689-692

Author(s):

YUMIKO NAKAMURA ◽

YUKARI HASEGAWA ◽

YASUHIDE TONOGAI ◽

YOSHIO ITO

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Alkaline Solution ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Trade Name ◽

Red Color

The concentration of residual daminozide (trade name of formulation: Alar or B-Nine) in cherries, grapes, peaches, and apples purchased in Japan was investigated using the colorimetric method. Daminozide hydrolyzes in boiling strong alkaline solution to release unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine which is distilled and reacted with trisodium pentacyanoamine ferroate to form a specific red color at pH 4.5. This color is measured spectrophotometrically. The levels of daminozide detected were 0.07–1.39 ppm in cherries (11 samples), 0–0.36 ppm in grapes (10 samples), 0–0.42 ppm in peaches (9 samples), and 0–0.88 ppm in apples (10 samples). Furthermore, daminozide in each sample was identified as methyl daminozide by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.

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Influence of UV Radiation on the Color Change of the Surface of Steamed Maple Wood with Saturated Water Steam

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym14010217 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Ladislav Dzurenda ◽

Michal Dudiak ◽

Eva Výbohová

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Color Change ◽

Color Space ◽

Color Stability ◽

Color Difference ◽

Saturated Steam ◽

Water Steam ◽

Saturated Water ◽

Red Color ◽

Uv Lamp

The wood of maple (Acer Pseudopatanus L.) was steamed with a saturated steam-air mixture at a temperature of t = 95 °C or saturated steam at t = 115 °C and t = 135 °C, in order to give a pale pink-brown, pale brown, and brown-red color. Subsequently, samples of unsteamed and steamed maple wood were irradiated with a UV lamp in a Xenotest Q-SUN Xe-3-H after drying, in order to test the color stability of steamed maple wood. The color change of the wood surface was evaluated by means of measured values on the coordinates of the color space CIE L* a* b*. The results show that the surface of unsteamed maple wood changes color markedly under the influence of UV radiation than the surface of steamed maple wood. The greater the darkening and browning color of the maple wood by steaming, the smaller the changes in the values at the coordinates L*, a*, b* of the steamed maple wood caused by UV radiation. The positive effect of steaming on UV resistance is evidenced by the decrease in the overall color difference ∆E*. While the value of the total color diffusion of unsteamed maple wood induced by UV radiation is ∆E* = 18.5, for maple wood steamed with a saturated steam-air mixture at temperature t = 95 °C the ∆E* decreases to 12.6, for steamed maple wood with saturated water steam with temperature t = 115 °C the ∆E* decreases to 10.4, and for saturated water steam with temperature t = 135 °C the ∆E* decreases to 7.2. Differential ATR-FTIR spectra declare the effect of UV radiation on unsteamed and steamed maple wood and confirm the higher color stability of steamed maple wood.

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Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Acer mandshuricum to Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-796758/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shikai Zhang ◽

Wang Zhan ◽

Anran Sun ◽

Ying Xie ◽

Zhiming Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Mechanism ◽

Color Change ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Structural Genes ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Accumulation Pattern ◽

Color Formation ◽

Red Color

Abstract The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in leaf color change periods in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin bio-synthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

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A Facile Colorimetric Method For Ultra-Rapid And Sensitive Detection of Copper Ions In Water

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1133764/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Chen ◽

Yan Li ◽

Ping Sun ◽

Hualin Chen ◽

He Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Sensitive Detection ◽

World Health ◽

Great Promise ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Interesting Phenomenon ◽

Health Organization

Abstract It is of great meaning to develop a facile, reliable and sensitive method to detect copper ions in water. In the study, a facile method has been developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Cu2+. An interesting phenomenon has been observed that 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) ethanol solution can be extremely fast passed from colorless to yellow once Cu2+ ions are added. It easily occurs to us that Cu2+ can be quantitatively determined via the absorbance at 904 nm of the color changed TMB solution. More importantly, some specific anions (Cl- , Br- ) can significantly enhance the absorption intensity. Under the optimized experimental conditions, this method exhibits a good linear response range for Cu2+ from 0.5 to 100 μM, with the detection limit of 93 nM. Moreover, the possible detection principle has been explored. It is worth mentioning that the color change can be clearly observed by naked eyes for the detection of 1 μM Cu2+, which is far below the threshold limit of Cu2+ in drinking water suggested by World Health Organization. It means that this method possess great promise for on-site Cu2+ detection.

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Aboriginal Thermal Alteration of a Central Pennsylvania Jasper: Analytical and Behavioral Implications

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/280233 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 526-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Debra L. Schindler ◽

James W. Hatch ◽

Conran A. Hay ◽

Richard C. Bradt

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Thermal Processing ◽

Color Change ◽

Bald Eagle ◽

Thermal Alteration ◽

Central Pennsylvania ◽

Red Color ◽

Lithic Artifacts ◽

Physical Changes

The aboriginal thermal processing of Bald Eagle Jasper in Central Pennsylvania is described in terms of the chemical and physical changes that occur in this material. Heat treatment is shown to transform the jasper's geothite component to hematite and to improve its workability by reducing its fracture toughness by one-half. This is accompanied by a yellow to red color change. The role of thermal alteration in the local lithic technology is inferred from laboratory heating experiments and from an analysis of lithic artifacts from the Houserville Site (36 Ce 65), a jasper workshop. The prehistoric utilization of this material is analyzed from a regional perspective. The results have implications for aboriginal social organization in Central Pennsylvania.

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A Simple Colorimetric Method for Determination of Ethanol in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.34172/ps.2020.40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 297-301

Author(s):

Fariba Pourkarim ◽

Elaheh Rahimpour ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki ◽

Sara Farhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

High Reliability ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Catalyst Free ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Ethanol is considered as a toxic compound when used in excess amounts. The toxic concentration for ethanol was reported to be 1000 – 2000 μg.mL-1 in plasma and serum samples. The aim of the current study was to develop a rapid and catalyst free colorimetric method for determination of ethanol in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sample. Methods: A redox reaction with dichromate-based colorimetric method was used for determination of ethanol in EBC. Results: The proposed method shows a good sensitivity and selectivity for ethanol in compared with other compounds and biomarkers existing in EBC. The color change can be easily observed by the naked eye in the presence of ethanol in the range of 300 - 8000 μg.mL-1. The quantitative detection of ethanol was fully validated and used for determination of ethanol in EBC of alcohol administrated individuals. Conclusion: This catalyst free colorimetric method has great potential for ethanol determination owing to many desirable properties such as high reliability, high sensitivity, and fast response time.

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Combined transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis of Acer mandshuricum to reveal candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02607-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shikai Zhang ◽

Wang Zhan ◽

Anran Sun ◽

Ying Xie ◽

Zhiming Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Mechanism ◽

Color Change ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Structural Genes ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Accumulation Pattern ◽

Color Formation ◽

Red Color

AbstractThe red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

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534 1-Methylcyclopropene Extends Shelf Life of Tomato at All Stages of Maturity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.538a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 538A-538

Author(s):

Nazir A. Mir ◽

Najma Khan ◽

Randolf M. Beaudry

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Color Change ◽

Single Application ◽

Color Development ◽

Red Color ◽

Hue Angle ◽

Application Potential

The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and shelf life in fruit of five classes of maturity (1, mature green; 2, turning; 3, half-ripe; 4, ripe; and 5, over-ripe) of `Plum' tomato (Lycopersicon × esculentum, Mill) at 22 °C were evaluated. 1-Methylcylopropene (1-MCP) reduced the rate of red color development in fruit of all maturity classes. However, the effect was more discernable in fruit with higher hue angle value. Single application of 1-MCP delayed the color development by 10 days. While a second application of 1-MCP at day 10 delayed color development by another 10 days for mature green tomatoes, it did not influence the color change in all other classes of maturity. The effects of 1-MCP on firmness loss were similar to color development. Compared to the control, 1-MCP reduced the ripening-related rate of respiration by approximately 40%. Contrary to this, ethylene production was not affected by 1-MCP application. Potential exists to use 1-MCP in tomato to reduce ethylene-associated changes in texture and color.

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Arsenic Monitoring in Water by Colorimetry Using an Optimized Leucomalachite Green Method

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24020339 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 339 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Annija Lace ◽

David Ryan ◽

Mark Bowkett ◽

John Cleary

Keyword(s):

Detection System ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Quantitation Limit ◽

Arsenic Detection ◽

Leucomalachite Green ◽

Colorimetric Reagent ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Colour Development

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a global concern. Standard laboratory methods that are commonly used for arsenic detection in water, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, are not suitable for mass monitoring purposes. Autonomous microfluidic detection systems combined with a suitable colorimetric reagent could provide an alternative to standard methods. Moreover, microfluidic detection systems would enable rapid and cost efficient in situ monitoring of water sources without the requirement of laborious sampling. The aim of this study is to optimize a colorimetric method based on leucomalachite green dye for integration into a microfluidic detection system. The colorimetric method is based on the reaction of arsenic (III) with potassium iodate in acid medium to liberate iodine, which oxidizes leucomalachite green to malachite green. A rapid colour development was observed after the addition of the dye. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range between 0.07–3 µg mL−1. The detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 0.19 and 0.64 µg mL−1, respectively.

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