scholarly journals ANALYZING THE DEGREE OF FREEDOM IN DECISION-MAKING IN THE MCDONALD’S FRANCHISE MODEL: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE FRANCHISEE

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
PEDRO SEVA-LARROSA ◽  
BARTOLOMÉ MARCO-LAJARA ◽  
JAVIER MARTÍNEZ-FALCÓ ◽  
LORENA RUIZ-FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Depth Interviews

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the degree of freedom that the franchisee has in making business decisions compared to the corporate unit or, in other words, the degree of freedom that the franchiser grants the franchised establishment in managing its business. Methods: Franchising is one of the most widely used strategic alliances worldwide, mainly in two sectors: Retail and hospitality. This research is contextualized in the fast food industry, specifically in the McDonald’s restaurant chain. In order to reache the objective, five in-depth interviews have been carried out with franchisees of the well-known American company located in Spain. Results: The main findings show highly relevant information about the degree of freedom in the decision-making of McDonald’s franchisees which is scarce and limited since the decisions about the company are made and executed mostly by the franchiser. While the franchisees have a certain autonomy to hire their employees (human resources) and determine the marketing strategies (marketing), the supplies are managed and controlled by the franchiser. Conclusions: With regards to the results we can conclude that the corporate strategies are formulated and implemented by the franchiser itself due to its strategic nature. The competitive strategies are also the responsibility of the franchiser in the main, as he is in charge of building a certain competitive position. Nevertheless, it is the franchisees, encouraged by the franchisers, who incorporate technologies to their establishments to provide a better service. Finally, the functional strategies are those in which the franchisee has a greater degree of freedom. They focus on how to use and apply the resources and skills within each functional area.

When Global Value Chains are Not Global: Case Studies from the Russian Fast-Food Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Berman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Firm Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

While the global value chain (GVC) literature tends to analyze trade networks and supply chains that are global in the literal sense, I argue that domestically-bound chains led by global firms provide important cases for study through this analytical lens. Importantly, insights regarding the relationship between chain governance and opportunities for upgrading have significant implications for many developing markets even when foreign lead buyers are not fostering export-oriented production. In-depth interviews with representatives from foreign fast-food corporations and their domestic suppliers in Russia provide empirical evidence to support modifications to current theories to better account for how domestic contexts impinge on chain governance and the balance of inter-firm power. I identify factors that provide leverage for domestic actors in these supply chains: regulatory uncertainty, emerging domestic product markets, and the competing interests of foreign firms.

scholarly journals Impact of consumption aspirations and brand knowledge on customer decision making: Evidence form fast food industry of Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 2409-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheer Ellahi ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Sumaira Shamoon ◽  
Sadaf Zahoor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
Brand Knowledge

scholarly journals Fast Food Work

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Labour Management

Summary The McDonald’s labour management strategy is widespread in the fast food industry. Literature that is critical of the approach often portrays the work as low paid, unchallenging and uninteresting. Others argue that industry jobs provide an enhanced resume, training opportunities, and the possibility of a career. Rather than being inherently disadvantageous or beneficial, it is possible that fast food employment addresses the needs and aspirations of some more than others. This article proposes such a view in relation to teenagers. It poses the question: what are the characteristics of those who are suitable for industry work? Surveys are used to develop a statistical profile of ideal workers. Findings have implications for stakeholder decision making and offer an empirical perspective of a contentious issue that attracts opinion and speculation. Results indicate that developmental change and an overt inclination to choose a fast food career are key considerations in determining employee suitability.

A Study on Determining The Factors Impacting Consumer Perception Regarding The Online Food Delivery Apps in Guwahati

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-542
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Koiri ◽  
Subhadeep Mukherjee ◽  
Smriti Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
The People ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Consumer's Perception

Today, fast food industry is growing rapidly in India. It is getting adapted and also being upgraded according to Indian food requirements. Online food ordering apps and sites are developed in order to meet consumer’s expectations. With the changing food preferences and habits of the people, it is necessary to know what factors impact the consumer’s perception regarding online food delivery apps.

The use of a Domain Ontology for the Management of Essential Hypertension (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Chavez ◽  
Vanessa Perez ◽  
Angélica Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND : Currently, hypertension is one of the diseases with greater risk of mortality in the world. Particularly in Chile, 90% of the population with this disease has idiopathic or essential hypertension. Essential hypertension is characterized by high blood pressure rates and it´s cause is unknown, which means that every patient might requires a different treatment, depending on their history and symptoms. Different data, such as history, symptoms, exams, etc., are generated for each patient suffering from the disease. This data is presented in the patient’s medical record, in no order, making it difficult to search for relevant information. Therefore, there is a need for a common, unified vocabulary of the terms that adequately represent the diseased, making searching within the domain more effective. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop a domain ontology for essential hypertension , therefore arranging the more significant data within the domain as tool for medical training or to support physicians’ decision making will be provided. METHODS The terms used for the ontology were extracted from the medical history of de-identified medical records, of patients with essential hypertension. The Snomed-CT’ collection of medical terms, and clinical guidelines to control the disease were also used. Methontology was used for the design, classes definition and their hierarchy, as well as relationships between concepts and instances. Three criteria were used to validate the ontology, which also helped to measure its quality. Tests were run with a dataset to verify that the tool was created according to the requirements. RESULTS An ontology of 310 instances classified into 37 classes was developed. From these, 4 super classes and 30 relationships were obtained. In the dataset tests, 100% correct and coherent answers were obtained for quality tests (3). CONCLUSIONS The development of this ontology provides a tool for physicians, specialists, and students, among others, that can be incorporated into clinical systems to support decision making regarding essential hypertension. Nevertheless, more instances should be incorporated into the ontology by carrying out further searched in the medical history or free text sections of the medical records of patients with this disease.

scholarly journals Individual differences in experienced and observational decision-making illuminate interactions between reinforcement learning and declarative memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batel Yifrah ◽  
Ayelet Ramaty ◽  
Genela Morris ◽  
Avi Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

AbstractDecision making can be shaped both by trial-and-error experiences and by memory of unique contextual information. Moreover, these types of information can be acquired either by means of active experience or by observing others behave in similar situations. The interactions between reinforcement learning parameters that inform decision updating and memory formation of declarative information in experienced and observational learning settings are, however, unknown. In the current study, participants took part in a probabilistic decision-making task involving situations that either yielded similar outcomes to those of an observed player or opposed them. By fitting alternative reinforcement learning models to each subject, we discerned participants who learned similarly from experience and observation from those who assigned different weights to learning signals from these two sources. Participants who assigned different weights to their own experience versus those of others displayed enhanced memory performance as well as subjective memory strength for episodes involving significant reward prospects. Conversely, memory performance of participants who did not prioritize their own experience over others did not seem to be influenced by reinforcement learning parameters. These findings demonstrate that interactions between implicit and explicit learning systems depend on the means by which individuals weigh relevant information conveyed via experience and observation.

scholarly journals Active Participation of E-Consumer: A Qualitative Analysis From Fashion Retailer Perspective

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402097916
Author(s):  
Carlota Lorenzo-Romero ◽  
María-Encarnación Andrés-Martínez ◽  
María Cordente-Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Gómez-Borja
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Web

This work aims to study the web innovation strategies used by Spanish companies in the fashion and accessories sector, with the specific aim of analyzing co-creation as an innovation strategy so that this link with customers will improve efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making. Qualitative research was carried out through in-depth interviews with Spanish professionals and companies in the fashion and accessories sector. Then, a theoretical model was proposed. This model integrates value co-creation, social networking, participation, engagement, feedback, and other variables. This qualitative analysis has relevant value for the professional sector because there are many papers from consumers’ perspective; however, studies from the retail sector’s perspective are less common in the literature. This study contributes ideas for the strategy of co-participation with clients to improve the activity and management of fashion companies.

scholarly journals Development of Intelligent Information System for Digital Cultural Contents

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Yuna Hur ◽  
Jaechoon Jo
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Intelligent Information ◽  
Subject Matter Content ◽  
Depth Interviews

A significant amount of digital cultural contents is shared online, but learners do not know where subject matter content is or how to find it. Therefore, there is a need for a service to improve educational quality by effectively providing relevant information in response to searches for content that is useful to learners. This study developed and tested the usability and utility of an intelligent information system that effectively searches and visualizes digital cultural contents. The system collects data on digital cultural contents, automatically classifies them, and creates content triple data to automatically display the results with a 3D timeline, knowledge network map, and keyword relation network map through content search, triple search, and keyword search. We also conducted a survey and in-depth interviews to verify users’ satisfaction with respect to the use and utility of the system. For the experiment, we developed survey questions to measure user satisfaction and conducted in-depth interviews regarding the system’s utility with a total of 65 subjects. The results show that the response for satisfaction with regard to the use and utility was generally “satisfied”. In addition, the system stability was evaluated as “high”.

scholarly journals Protection of Children in Difficulty in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Ning Zhu ◽  
Juha Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
The Media ◽  
Professional Systems ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study investigated the resilience of the Chinese child protection system in responding to the special needs of children in difficulty under the specific circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study applied qualitative document analysis of child protection administrative documents, in-depth interviews with 13 child protection professionals, and an in-depth case study of 14 children living in difficulty, complemented by relevant information available in the media. The results indicate that there are good policies in China’s child protection services but the organizational and functional fragmentation complicates implementation, suggesting a need for the development of bottom-up practices. The essential conclusion supported by these results is that the child protection system should be regarded and developed as a systematic project combining the legal, policymaking, and professional systems of child welfare services as well as governmental and non-governmental forces. As the COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness of the need to develop the field of child protection holistically as an integrated system in terms of social sustainability in China, an international literature-based comparison indicates that the pandemic has also raised similar political awareness in other countries.

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