Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus clinical isolates in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Baptiste Bidon ◽  
Cynthia Abboud ◽  
Ayate Zakaria ◽  
Baraa Hamze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Invasive Mycoses ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Aim: We sought to provide first insights into the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of the aspergilli in Lebanon. Materials & methods: After species identification, antifungal susceptibility was investigated according to EUCAST recommendations. CYP51A gene was sequenced in resistant isolates and its expression level was evaluated by Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Results: Among the 73 Aspergillus isolates studied (mostly from ears), the predominant species was Aspergillus niger (54.8%). The overall drug resistance was highest for amphotericin B (38.4%), followed by itraconazole (31.5%), posaconazole (30.1%) and voriconazole (23.3%). In addition, CYP51A gene mutations were not the major cause of azole resistance among these isolates. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the paramount need for an integral One Health strategy and a national reference center for invasive mycoses and antifungals.

scholarly journals Species Diversity, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Virulence Attributes of Candida Colonising the Oral Cavities of Adult Diabetic Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Anil Kumar ◽  
Sumathi Muralidhar ◽  
Krishna Biswas ◽  
Uma Banerjee ◽  
Seemi Farhat Basir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Oral candidiasis is a common occurrence in diabetic patients. Species of Candida isolated from these infections and their virulence pattern undergo changes over time and require periodic assessments. Objective of this study was to determine changes in the spectrum of Candida species colonizing oral cavity, their antifungal susceptibility patterns, and virulence attributes, in adult diabetic patients. Oral swabs were collected from 100 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and an equal number of healthy controls. Specimens were cultured for Candida and species were identified, according to standard protocols. Of 100 diabetic patients, 42 were colonized by yeasts with C. albicans as the predominant species (51%). Non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species accounted for 47% of the specimens, with C. tropicalis being the commonest. Among healthy controls, 23 were colonized by Candida species, of which C. albicans was predominant. Results obtained indicate that C. albicans continues to be the predominant species in oral cavities of diabetic patients. Candidal carriage was significantly associated with duration of diabetes and fasting blood sugar levels. Virulence attributes, proteinase and phospholipase secretion, and biofilm formation were significantly higher in DM group.

scholarly journals 146. antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of candida Parapsilosis Bloodstream Isolates in the US, 2008–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S203-S203
Author(s):  
Brenda L Tesini ◽  
Meghan Lyman ◽  
Brendan R Jackson ◽  
Anita Gellert ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Multidrug resistant Candida is an increasing concern. C. parapsilosis in particular has decreased in vitro susceptibility to echinocandins. As a result, fluconazole had been favored for C. parapsilosis treatment. However, there is growing concern about increasing azole resistance among Candida species. We report on antifungal susceptibility patterns of C. parapsilosis in the US from 2008 through 2018. Methods Active, population-based surveillance for candidemia through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Emerging Infections Program was conducted between 2008–2018, eventually encompassing 9 states (GA, MD,OR, TN, NY, CA, CO, MN, NM). Each incident isolate was sent to the CDC for species confirmation and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). Frequency of resistance was calculated and stratified by year and state using SAS 9.4 Results Of the 8,704 incident candidemia isolates identified, 1,471 (15%) were C. parapsilosis; the third most common species after C. albicans and C. glabrata. AFST results were available for 1,340 C. parapsilosis isolates. No resistance was detected to caspofungin (MIC50 0.25) or micafungin (MIC50 1.00) with only one (< 1%) isolate resistant to anidulafungin (MIC50 1.00). In contrast, 84 (6.3%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole and another 44 (3.3%) isolates had dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC50 1.00). Fluconazole resistance increased sharply from an average of 4% during 2008–2014 to a peak of 14% in 2016 with a subsequent decline to 6% in 2018 (see figure). Regional variation is also observed with fluconazole resistance ranging from 0% (CO, MN, NM) to 42% (NY) of isolates by site. Conclusion The recent marked increase in fluconazole resistance among C. parapsilosis highlights this pathogen as an emerging drug resistant pathogen of concern and the need for ongoing antifungal resistance surveillance among Candida species. Our data support the empiric use of echinocandins for C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections and underscore the need to obtain AFST prior to fluconazole treatment. Furthermore, regional variation in fluconazole resistance emphasizes the importance of understanding local Candida susceptibility patterns. Disclosures Lee Harrison, MD, GSK (Consultant)Merck (Consultant)Pfizer (Consultant)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)

scholarly journals Evaluation of CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ rapid membrane enzyme immunoassay to detect Campylobacter spp. antigen in stool samples

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Franco ◽  
Lucie Bénejat ◽  
Astrid Ducournau ◽  
Francis Mégraud ◽  
Philippe Lehours ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Negative Culture ◽  
Membrane Enzyme ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Composite Reference Standard

AbstractCampylobacter spp. enteritis is the most frequent bacterial enteritis in both adults and children and is sometimes a source of severe complications. Its diagnosis by culture suffers from a lack of sensitivity and delays the result, preventing an early initiation of optimal antibiotic therapy in some cases. Our aim was to test a new rapid immuno-enzymatic method for Campylobacter spp. diagnosis in comparison to a composite reference standard (CRS). Stool samples from the French National Reference Center for Campylobacter and Helicobacter were tested with the CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ (Abbott). The CRS used to consider a case positive for Campylobacter spp. was a positive culture and, in case of a negative culture, a positive result obtained with both an ELISA and a molecular test. One hundred and eight stools were included: 53 were positive according to the CRS. If performed alone, culture would have missed 5 cases which the CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ detected. Finally, the CAMPYLOBACTER QUIK CHEK™ showed a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 94.5% and is relevant for clinical practice. Given the characteristics of the new method, it can be used as a screening method for Campylobacter spp. detection.

scholarly journals Species Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Species Belonging to Aspergillus Section Nigri

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4514-4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alcazar-Fuoli ◽  
Emilia Mellado ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
Manuel Cuenca-Estrella ◽  
Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Section Nigri ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Aspergillus Section

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis was performed for 34 Aspergillus strains belonging to section Nigri. Molecular methods allowed for the correct classification into three different clades (A. niger, A. tubingensis, and A. foetidus). Correlation with in vitro itraconazole susceptibility distinguished the following three profiles: susceptible, resistant, and showing a paradoxical effect. A number of different species whose morphological features resemble those of A. niger showed unusual MICs to itraconazole that have never been described for the Aspergillus genus.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Opportunistic Fungi in the Genera Verruconis and Ochroconis

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3285-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seyedmousavi ◽  
K. Samerpitak ◽  
A. J. M. M. Rijs ◽  
W. J. G. Melchers ◽  
J. W. Mouton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACTSpecies ofVerruconisand species ofOchroconisare dematiaceous fungi generally found in the environment but having the ability to infect humans, dogs, cats, poultry, and fish. This study presents the antifungal susceptibility patterns of these fungi at the species level. Forty strains originating from clinical and environmental sources were phylogenetically identified at the species level by using sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS).In vitroantifungal susceptibility testing was performed against eight antifungals, using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The geometric mean MICs for amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) for caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin (AFG) across theOchroconisandVerruconisspecies were as follows, in increasing order. ForVerruconisspecies, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.04; POS, 0.25; ITC, 0.37; AMB, 0.50; CAS, 0.65; VRC, 0.96; 5FC, 10.45; and FLC, 47.25. ForOchroconisspecies, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.06; POS, 0.11; CAS, 0.67; VRC, 2.76; ITC, 3.94; AMB, 5.68; 5FC, 34.48; and FLC, 61.33. Antifungal susceptibility ofOchroconisandVerruconiswas linked with phylogenetic distance and thermotolerance. Echinocandins and POS showed the greatestin vitroactivity, providing possible treatment options forOchroconisandVerruconisinfections.

scholarly journals Macrolide-resistant phenotypes of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1382
Author(s):  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Natasa Opavski ◽  
Vera Mijac ◽  
L. Ranin
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
National Reference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Triple Test ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has emerged as an important worldwide problem over the past decade. The aim of this study was to investigate macrolide-resistant phenotypes and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of invasive pneumococci in Serbia. A total of 68 invasive pneumococcal strains, collected from 2009 to 2011, were sent from regional laboratories to the National Reference Laboratory. Susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK2 system and phenotypes were determined by triple-test. Overall penicillin and erythromycin nonsusceptibility rates were 26% and 43%, respectively. Resistance rates were higher in children than in adults. Co-resistance to penicillin and erythromycin was detected in 18% strains. Resistance rates to the third generation of cephalosporins, TMP-SXT and tetracycline were 16%, 37% and 29%, respectively. All isolates were fully susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, telithromycin and rifampicin. Twenty-two isolates (79%) an expressed macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance phenotype and M phenotype was found in 21% of macrolide resistant strains.

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