Iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with organic optical probes for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications

The role and scope of functional inorganic nanoparticles in biomedical research is well established. Among these, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained maximum attention as they can provide targeting, imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Furthermore, incorporation of organic optical probes with IONPs can significantly enhance the scope and viability of their biomedical applications. Combination of two or more such applications renders multimodality in nanoparticles, which can be exploited to obtain synergistic benefits in disease detection and therapy viz theranostics, which is a key trait of nanoparticles for advanced biomedical applications. This review focuses on the use of IONPs conjugated with organic optical probe/s for multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic applications in vivo.

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Dextran and PEG Coating Reduced Nanoparticle Toxicity to Cells

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80819 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Miao Yu ◽

Alisa Morss Clyne

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Mechanics ◽

Surface Coating ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cell Toxicity ◽

Peg Coating

Iron oxide nanoparticles are of interest for drug delivery, since they can be targeted using a magnetic field. However, prior to using nanoparticles in vivo, they must be shown as relatively non-toxic to cells. We and others have shown that bare iron oxide nanoparticles are readily taken up by cells, where they catalyze production of highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative stress disrupts the cell cytoskeleton and alters cell mechanics. [1] Iron oxide nanoparticles under current development for in vivo biomedical applications are often coated with a polysaccharide (eg. dextran) or a polymer (eg. polyethylene glycol, PEG). Both the size and the surface coating of nanoparticle may play an important role in cell toxicity.

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Microfluidic Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10112113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2113

Author(s):

Matthew James ◽

Richard A Revia ◽

Zachary Stephen ◽

Miqin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Coprecipitation Synthesis ◽

High Production ◽

Materials Used

Research efforts into the production and application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in recent decades have shown IONPs to be promising for a range of biomedical applications. Many synthesis techniques have been developed to produce high-quality IONPs that are safe for in vivo environments while also being able to perform useful biological functions. Among them, coprecipitation is the most commonly used method but has several limitations such as polydisperse IONPs, long synthesis times, and batch-to-batch variations. Recent efforts at addressing these limitations have led to the development of microfluidic devices that can make IONPs of much-improved quality. Here, we review recent advances in the development of microfluidic devices for the synthesis of IONPs by coprecipitation. We discuss the main architectures used in microfluidic device design and highlight the most prominent manufacturing methods and materials used to construct these microfluidic devices. Finally, we discuss the benefits that microfluidics can offer to the coprecipitation synthesis process including the ability to better control various synthesis parameters and produce IONPs with high production rates.

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Are Less Toxic to Endothelial Cells When Coated With Dextran and Polyethylene Glycol

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53702 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Miao Yu ◽

Vladimir Muzykantov ◽

Alisa Morss Clyne

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Mechanics ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cell Functions

Iron oxide nanoparticles are of particular interest for drug delivery applications, since they can be targeted to a specific location using a magnetic field. We are interested in delivering drugs to atherosclerotic plaques via these nanoparticles. However, prior to using nanoparticles in vivo, they must be shown as relatively non-toxic to cells. We and others have shown that bare iron oxide nanoparticles are readily taken up by cells, where they catalyze production of highly toxic reactive oxygen species [1]. This oxidative stress disrupts the cell cytoskeleton, alters cell mechanics, and may change other critical cell functions. Iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo biomedical applications are often coated with a polysaccharide (eg. dextran) or a polymer (eg. polyethylene glycol, PEG). Both the size and the surface coating of the nanoparticle play an important role in cell toxicity.

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A mussel-inspired chitooligosaccharide based multidentate ligand for highly stabilized nanoparticles

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c5tb00114e ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (18) ◽

pp. 3730-3737 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chichong Lu ◽

Min Kyu Park ◽

Chenxin Lu ◽

Young Haeng Lee ◽

Kyu Yun Chai

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

Multidentate Ligand ◽

Poly Ethylene

A mussel-inspired poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-chitooligosaccharide based multidentate ligand (ML) is designed for preparing robust biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles. The successful in vivo MRI application confirmed their suitability for biomedical applications.

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A Review of Microbial Mediated Iron Nanoparticles (IONPs) and Its Biomedical Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12010130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Muhammad Nadeem ◽

Rijma Khan ◽

Nausheen Shah ◽

Ishrat Rehman Bangash ◽

Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Research Issues ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Major Bottleneck ◽

Biological Methods

Nanotechnology is a booming avenue in science and has a multitude of applications in health, agriculture, and industry. It exploits materials’ size at nanoscale (1–100 nm) known as nanoparticles (NPs). These nanoscale constituents are made via chemical, physical, and biological methods; however, the biological approach offers multiple benefits over the other counterparts. This method utilizes various biological resources for synthesis (microbes, plants, and others), which act as a reducing and capping agent. Among these sources, microbes provide an excellent platform for synthesis and have been recently exploited in the synthesis of various metallic NPs, in particular iron. Owing to their biocompatible nature, superparamagnetic properties, small size efficient, permeability, and absorption, they have become an integral part of biomedical research. This review focuses on microbial synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using various species of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Possible applications and challenges that need to be addressed have also been discussed in the review; in particular, their antimicrobial and anticancer potentials are discussed in detail along with possible mechanisms. Moreover, some other possible biomedical applications are also highlighted. Although iron oxide nanoparticles have revolutionized biomedical research, issues such as cytotoxicity and biodegradability are still a major bottleneck in the commercialization of these nanoparticle-based products. Addressing these issues should be the topmost priority so that the biomedical industry can reap maximum benefit from iron oxide nanoparticle-based products.

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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast, Ovarian and Cervical Cancers

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200220666191016124958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 942-945 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sekhar Talluri ◽

Rama R. Malla

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Therapeutic Applications ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Theranostic Agents

Background: The potential of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic agents for cancer has been investigated extensively. SPIONS can be utilized for diagnostic imaging, drug delivery as well as for therapeutic applications. SPIONS are of particular interest because of their potential for non-invasive diagnosis and non-invasive therapeutic applications. This article is a review of in vivo and clinical studies of SPIONs for diagnosis and treatment of breast, ovarian and cervical cancer. The current limitations of this technology with relation to clinical therapeutic applications and the potential to overcome these limitations are also discussed. Methods: NCBI Pubmed was searched for relevant documents by using keyword and MESH based search. The following keyword combinations were used: ‘breast cancer’ and SPION, ‘ovarian cancer’ and SPION, and ‘cervical cancer’ and SPION. The resulting list was manually scanned for the studies involving clinical and in vivo studies. Results: The 29 most relevant publications were identified and reviewed. Conclusion: Although numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the use of SPIONs for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, there is relatively little progress towards translation to clinical applications involving breast, ovarian and cervical cancer.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles – In vivo/in vitro biomedical applications and in silico studies

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science ◽

10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 249 ◽

pp. 192-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Miroslava Nedyalkova ◽

Borjana Donkova ◽

Julia Romanova ◽

George Tzvetkov ◽

Sergio Madurga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

In Silico ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

In Silico Studies

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Iron Oxide-Based Magneto-Optical Nanocomposites for In Vivo Biomedical Applications

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9030288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Nisha Lamichhane ◽

Shalini Sharma ◽

Parul ◽

Anita Verma ◽

Indrajit Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Real Life ◽

Optical Probe ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Optical Probes ◽

High Contrast Imaging

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have played a pivotal role in the development of nanomedicine owing to their versatile functions at the nanoscale, which facilitates targeted delivery, high contrast imaging, and on-demand therapy. Some biomedical inadequacies of IONPs on their own, such as the poor resolution of IONP-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), can be overcome by co-incorporating optical probes onto them, which can be either molecule- or nanoparticulate-based. Optical probe incorporated IONPs, together with two prominent non-ionizing radiation sources (i.e., magnetic field and light), enable a myriad of biomedical applications from early detection to targeted treatment of various diseases. In this context, many research articles are in the public domain on magneto-optical nanoparticles; discussed in detail are fabrication strategies for their application in the biomedical field; however, lacking is a comprehensive review on real-life applications in vivo, their toxicity, and the prospect of bench-to-bedside clinical studies. Therefore, in this review, we focused on selecting such important nanocomposites where IONPs become the magnetic component, conjugated with various types of optical probes; we clearly classified them into class 1 to class 6 categories and present only in vivo studies. In addition, we briefly discuss the potential toxicity of such nanocomposites and their respective challenges for clinical translations.

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