scholarly journals Managing Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadi K Gupta ◽  
Christine A Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Birth Preterm

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a major public health problem in the UK and may result in very costly complications. Many STIs pose the risk of a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, still birth, preterm delivery, low birth weight and ophthalmia neonatorum. National guidelines for the management of STIs are produced and regularly revised by the British Association of Sexual Heath and HIV. This review outlines the latest recommended treatment options during pregnancy for the commonly encountered STIs.

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Seropositive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chugh ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Rashmi Sarkar ◽  
Kabir Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem both in developing and in developed countries, and especially with the co-synergy with HIV infection, there is an increasing need to have a proper understanding of the clinicodemographic patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for planning and implementing control strategies. Worldwide, there is an increased preponderance of viral STIs. Increasing incidence and altered clinical presentation of viral STIs in patients with HIV pose a diagnostic challenge; thereby, we studied the demographic profile of HIV-seropositive patients and compared clinical manifestations of viral STIs in HIV-seropositive patients to those in seronegative individuals. Twenty-seven HIV-seropositive patients with viral STI (herpes/molluscum/warts) and same number of age-, sex-, and STI-matched seronegative patients were studied for variability in clinical profile. There were significant differences in the demographic factors (education, income, and migration) and sexual practices (number of contacts and source of infection) in the 2 groups. Lesional symptoms, increased extent of lesions, and resistance to treatment were significantly more common in HIV-seropositive patients.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections, their treatment and urban change in colonial Leopoldville, 1910–1960

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
João Dinis Sousa ◽  
Philip J. Havik ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Short Period

AbstractDuring the colonial period sexually transmitted infections (STIs) came to be recognised as a major public health problem in African cities. Thus, STI control and urban modernisation became deeply entangled as authorities redrew spatial and social boundaries to manage populations and their cross-cultural interaction. Public health measures, urban planning and policing were part of a coordinated effort to neutralise the potential impact of rapidly growing African urban migration on the Belgian Congo’s ‘model’ capital Leopoldville. While STI control was facilitated by new drugs (arsenicals, sulfonamides and antibiotics) to treat syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhoea and chlamydia (bacterial STIs), the effects of the 1929 economic crisis and urban social change illustrated the limits of colonial authority. Redesigning urban spaces and repressive measures to curb polygyny and prostitution operated in a parallel fashion with the expansion of health coverage, new treatments and awareness campaigns. To gain a better understanding of the evolution of STI incidence among African urban populations during the colonial period between 1910 and 1960, extensive archival records and secondary literature were consulted to assess the interplay between improved screening, diagnostic and therapeutic methods with demographic and social change. They show that STI rates, probably peaked during the pre-1929 period and apart from a short period in the early 1930s associated with mass screening, declined until becoming residual in the 1950s. Reflecting upon sanitary interventions and their broader dimensions, the article analyses the evolution of treatment regimes and their impact in the changing urban organisation and environment of the colony’s capital.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors at Jubilee Hospital, Tshwane District, regarding the syndromic management guidelines for sexually transmitted infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Charles Uchenna ◽  
Indiran Govender
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem globally, but especially so in sub-Saharan Africa. They contribute significantly to the burden of disease in South Africa and are recognised as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, with other potential complications when not managed properly. First-line doctors play a critical role in the management of persons suffering from STIs, and need to comply with the national guidelines for STI management.Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors working in Jubilee District Hospital, Metsweding region, Tshwane, regarding the STI syndromic management (SM) guidelines.Setting: Jubilee District Hospital in Tshwane North, Gauteng province, South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted.Results: Forty-three of the 50 doctors employed at the hospital participated in the study. Fourteen (32.6%) of the doctors were in the 36–40-year age group. Most of the doctors (36 or 83.7%) had only the basic bachelor’s degree, and only 4 (9.3%) attended additional STI training. Only 2 respondents (4.6%) had correct knowledge concerning management of male urethritis syndrome and 10 (23.3%) regarding management of genital ulcer syndrome. In compliance with the national SM guidelines for STIs, 22 (52.4%) of the doctors said they made a diagnosis of STIs using history and physical examination. Only 7 (16.7%) said they asked their patients during every consultation about the number of sexual partners, 21 (51.7%) said they always counsel/ screen patients with STIs for HIV infection, and only 4 (9.5%) said they always filled in partner notification slips after attending to the index patient with STIs. This study demonstrated a relationship between doctors’ knowledge of the SM guidelines for STIs and their age.Conclusion: Overall the knowledge and practices of doctors at Jubilee District Hospital were suboptimal, and training on the SM of STIs should be made available to address this. Management should introduce regular monitoring, evaluation and supportive services for the doctors regarding their management of STIs according to the guidelines.

scholarly journals Online tests for sexually transmitted infections – Friend or Foe? An analysis of providers in the United Kingdom.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Clarke ◽  
Paddy Horner ◽  
Peter Muir ◽  
Katy M.E. Turner ◽  
Emma Harding-Esch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Online Tests

Objectives: Online testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may contribute to overcoming barriers to traditional testing such as stigma and inconvenience. However, regulation of these tests is lacking, and the quality of services is variable, with potential short- and long-term personal, clinical and public health implications. This study aimed to evaluate online tests available in the UK against national standards. Methods: Providers of online STI tests (self-sampling and self-testing) in the UK were identified by an internet search of Google and Amazon (June 2020). Website information on tests and care was collected, and further information requested from providers via an online survey, sent twice (July 2020, April 2021). The information obtained was compared to British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for diagnostics and standards of STI management. Results: 31 providers were identified: 13 self-test, 18-self-sample, and two laboratories that serviced multiple providers. Seven responded to the online survey. Many conflicts with national guidelines were identified, including: lack of health promotion information, lack of sexual history taking, use of tests licensed for professional use only marketed for self-testing, inappropriate infections tested for, incorrect specimen type used, and lack of advice for post-diagnosis management. Conclusions: Very few online providers met the BASHH national STI management guidelines standards that were assessed, and there is concern that this will also be the case in areas that were not covered by this study. For-profit providers were the least compliant, with concerning implications for patient care and public health. Regulatory change is urgently needed to ensure that online providers are compliant with national guidelines to ensure high-quality patient care, and providers are held to account if non-compliant.

Adherence to the 2012 European gonorrhoea guideline in the WHO European Region according to the 2018–19 International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections European Collaborative Clinical Group gonorrhoea survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Unemo ◽  
E Clarke ◽  
I Boiko ◽  
C Patel ◽  
R Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
International Union ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Gonorrhoea is a major public health problem globally. Increasing incidence in many particularly developed countries and the emergence of resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporin ceftriaxone, the last option for empiric first-line monotherapy, are of serious concern. This paper evaluates the results of the 2018–19 International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections European Collaborative Clinical Group survey on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in Europe. Although high quality clinical care was reported in many European settings, in several countries the testing, diagnostics, antimicrobial treatment, and follow-up of gonorrhoea patients were evidently suboptimal. Increased adherence to evidence-based European and/or nationally-adapted management guidelines is essential in controlling the increasing incidence of gonorrhoea in many European settings and the spread of ceftriaxone-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant gonorrhoea.

scholarly journals A study of clinical course and therapeutic response of sexually transmitted infections in people living with HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ram Kanta Halder ◽  
Pradeep Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Standard Dosage ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. Once a person is infected with HIV, the manifestations of other infections and diseases are altered due to waning of the host immunity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out in HIV reactive patients in Command Hospital, Pune. The types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in those patients and the response to therapy were studied in detail. The statistical data was expressed as number and percentages.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 52 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who were having various STIs were included. Majority of the patients in this study belonged to the age group of 20-34 years (75%). The most common STIs encountered were condyloma acuminata (38.45%) followed by syphilis (30.77%), lymphogranuloma venereum, herpes genitalis, chancroid, molluscum contagiosum, gonorrhea and granuloma inguinale. Resistance to antimicrobial therapy at the standard dosage, requirement of higher dosage, resistance and relapse of infections were observed in the patients with PLWH.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Several STIs coexisted with HIV infected patients. Unusual clinical presentations, clinical course and treatment failure in STI were common in HIV infected individuals. Hence all STI patients should be screened for HIV and vice-versa.</p>

Notification of sexually transmitted infections: the tip of the iceberg?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Duarte ◽  
F Abreu Gomes ◽  
D Lopes ◽  
M Bragança Pereira ◽  
A Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health problem in Europe and in Portugal, their incidence has been increasing since the 90s. Although STIs are among the most frequently reported infections globally, they still go often underdiagnosed. Their under notification is also a problem in Portugal. The aim of this study is to describe STIs' notifications in the area of the groups of primary healthcare centers of Loures-Odivelas (ACES LO), between 2015-2019. Methods An observational, descriptive, quantitative study was performed. Data was collected in January 2020, from the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance Database. Variables included for each STIs notification were age and sex. Univariate descriptive analysis and evolution trends were performed for each variable. Results A total of 638 cases of STIs were reported from 2015 to 2019. The number of reported cases increased from 87 to 197 cases (126.4%). The annual mean incidence of HBV and HCV notifications were 8 and 4, respectively. There was an increase in reported cases of syphilis (33 to 57), HIV (13 to 29), chlamydia (13 to 46) and gonorrhea (18 to 51). In 2019, 30.9% of the notified cases were syphilis infections, 23.5% gonorrhea infections, 22.1% chlamydia infections and 13.2% HIV infections.Males comprised 460 cases (72.1%), and, in patients aged between 15 and 44 years old, 484 cases (75.9%) were reported. From 2015 to 2019, the co-infections of gonorrhea and chlamydia increased from 2 to 10 cases (25.0%). In 2019, 17.5% of the notified cases of gonorrhea were co-infections. Conclusions The modification of risk behaviors and the appropriate treatment of infected people, including infected partners, are determinant to prevent recurrent infections and to interrupt the transmission cycle. Increasing notification should facilitate the monitoring of STIs' trends, contributing to the implementation of appropriate interventions and for better decision-making in public health. Key messages Campaigns about sexual health promotion are important to increase safer sexual health practices. More notifications contribute to better data quality and more robust decision-making.

scholarly journals In search of an ideal drug for safer treatment of obesity: The false promise of pseudoephedrine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Munafò ◽  
Stefano Frara ◽  
Norberto Perico ◽  
Rosaria Di Mauro ◽  
Monica Cortinovis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Ephedra Sinica ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

AbstractObesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Only relatively few treatment options are, at present, available for the management of obese patients. Furthermore, treatment of obesity is affected by the widespread misuse of drugs and food supplements. Ephedra sinica is an old medicinal herb, commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. Ephedra species contain several alkaloids, including pseudoephedrine, notably endowed with indirect sympathomimetic pharmacodynamic properties. The anorexigenic effect of pseudoephedrine is attributable primarily to the inhibition of neurons located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), mediating satiety stimuli. Pseudoephedrine influences lipolysis and thermogenesis through interaction with β3 adrenergic receptors and reduces fat accumulation through down-regulation of transcription factors related to lipogenesis. However, its use is associated with adverse events that involve to a large extent the cardiovascular and the central nervous system. Adverse events of pseudoephedrine also affect the eye, the intestine, and the skin, and, of relevance, sudden cardiovascular death related to dietary supplements containing Ephedra alkaloids has also been reported. In light of the limited availability of clinical data on pseudoephedrine in obesity, along with its significantly unbalanced risk/benefit profile, as well as of the psychophysical susceptibility of obese patients, it appears reasonable to preclude the prescription of pseudoephedrine in obese patients of any order and degree.

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