Evaluating Pig Performance, Carcass Merit and Processed Pork Quality when Chestnuts and Acorns are fed to Duroc-Influenced Pig Genetics During Late Finishing

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding chestnuts and acorns on growth performance, carcass quality and further processed products of Duroc/Duroc crossbred finishing barrows.Materials and MethodsBarrows (n = 30) were individually housed in pens, blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control (n = 10), inclusion of acorns at 15% of the diet (n = 7), inclusion of chestnuts at 15% of the diet (n = 13). Pigs were fed ad libitum for 28 d prior to harvest. Feed refusal and individual pig weights were collected every 7 d and used to calculate average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed (G:F), and average daily feed intake (ADFi). Following harvest, carcass quality was determined by objective color (L*, a* and b*), fat composition and marbling scores. Fat samples were removed from four fat depots (backfat, seam, jowl, kidney and pelvic) and analyzed for fatty acid composition. Sample chops were removed between the 10th and 11th rib of the left side of each carcass and analyzed for fatty acid composition, moisture and fat content. Bellies were removed from the left side of each carcass, further processed into bacon slabs and analyzed for slice quality, fatty acid composition, moisture and fat content. Carcass characteristics and bacon quality were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS. Growth performance and fatty acid composition were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Significance was determined at P-value < 0.05.ResultsNo differences were detected for ADG and ADFi across treatments (P > 0.05). Barrows fed chestnut diets had a greater G:F when compared to control (P < 0.05) or acorn fed barrows (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments did not impact (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics or carcass quality. Inclusion of chestnuts or acorns within the diet did not impact (P > 0.05) moisture and fat content of chops and bacon slices (P > 0.05). Moreover, feeding acorns led to similar concentrations (P > 0.05) of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and linoleic acid (18:2n6c) when compared to the control diet. However, feeding diets containing acorns led to greater proportions (P < 0.01) of palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid similar to barrows fed diets containing chestnuts. No difference (P > 0.05) for stearic acid (18:0) were observed between control and chestnut treatments, however, both were found to have greater amounts (P < 0.01) of stearic acid when compared to the acorn treatment. Acorns increased (P < 0.01) the total concentration of omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) when compared to chestnut diets, but no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between acorn and control diets. Inclusion of acorns reduced (P < 0.05) total saturated fatty acids (SFA) when compared to control and chestnut treatments; however total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased (P < 0.05) when acorns were included in the diet. When evaluating PUFA:SFA ratio, no differences (P > 0.05) were found between control and chestnut diets. Including acorns in the diet, resulted in an increased (P < 0.05) PUFA:SFA ratio.ConclusionInclusion of acorns and chestnuts did not negatively impact carcass characteristics, carcass quality or bacon quality, nevertheless, including acorns altered overall fatty acid composition while minimal differences were observed between diets containing chestnuts and the control.

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Changes of the fatty acid composition of sprouts during germination

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/41/2686 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 89-92

Author(s):

Melinda-Rita Márton ◽

Sándor Szép ◽

Zsolt Mándoki ◽

Melinda Tamás ◽

Salamon Rozália Veronika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fat Content

During our research we studied the fat content and fatty acid composition during the germination and sprouting periods of the most important sprouts: wheat, lentil, alfalfa, radish and sunflower seed. In this article we present our research results during this sprouting study. The concentration of the saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) decreased, the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids increased during germination, but the tendency was not so high than was published in the literature.

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COMPOSITION OF THE FATS IN PUPAE OF AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z65-027 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 291-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. S. Barlow

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Fat Content ◽

Larval Weight ◽

Puparium Formation

Water and fat content and the fatty acid composition of the fats of Agria affinis (Fallén) were determined over the period from mature larvae to newly emerged adults. During pupation the insects lost about 30% of their larval weight; 85% of this was water and 7% was fat. The loss was most rapid during puparium formation and for 2 or 3 days thereafter. In the fat, the concentrations of 14 carbon fatty acids and stearic acid remained constant; the concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids decreased by about 3, 8, and 4% respectively; and the concentrations of linoleic and erucic acids increased 11 and 3% respectively.

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Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600061359 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 575-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

W. M. F. Leat

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Octadecenoic Acid ◽

Hexadecenoic Acid ◽

Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

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Fat content and fatty acids profile of colostrum and milk of primitive Konik horses (Equus caballus gmelini Ant.) during six months of lactation

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029908003336 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 302-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jan Pikul ◽

Jacek Wójtowski ◽

Romualda Danków ◽

Beata Kuczyńska ◽

Jacek Łojek

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Equus Caballus ◽

Fat Content ◽

Slight Effect ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Fatty Acids Profile

The effect of the stage of lactation, the number of foals and age of the mare on changes in the fat content and fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk of primitive Konik horses was investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 12 lactating mares were collected at the beginning of lactation, on the days 1 and 2 after foaling and then, starting from the first month of lactation, at 4-week intervals up to the sixth month of lactation. Significant differences were observed in fat content as well as the composition of some analysed fatty acids between colostrum and milk of mares of the Konik breed. The number of foalings and the age of mares did not have a statistically significant effect on the fat content in milk and had only a slight effect on the fatty acid composition. Milk produced by mares of the Konik breed is characterized by a considerable content of polyene fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms, a low ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids as well as low, highly advantageous values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices.

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KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK CACING LAUT SIASIA (SIPUNCULUS, SP) DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI PULAU NUSALAUT

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol4issue1page10-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Bernita Silaban

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Palmitoleic Acid ◽

Fat Content ◽

Coastal Communities

Background: "Siasia" is a seaworm species in the phylum that includes Sipuncula Sipunculidea class. This animal has been consumed for generations by coastal communities Nusalaut Island, central mollucas but not yet universally known. Until now there has been obtained gisi complete composition. This study aimed to identify the composition of fatty acids contained in vain fresh seaworms. Methods: Seaworms vain taken from coastal waters of Negeri Titawaai and Nalahia Nusalaut Island, Central Moluccas in March 2014. The parameters analyzed include methods is sokhlet fat content and fatty acid by GC method. Results: The results showed fresh siasia fat content 1.12% of coastal waters Titawaai while 1.91% of coastal waters Nalahia. Fatty acids seaworms were identified from coastal waters Titawai is kaparat acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0), linolenic acid (C18: 3) acid and eicosapentaenoic (C20: 5) while the fatty acids of seaworm vain of coastal waters Nalahia include is lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid ( C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 3). Conclusion: The fat content of fresh siasia sea worms is 1.12% from the waters of Titawaai beach, while 1.91% of the waters of the coast of Nalahia.

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FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS IN HYPER- AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0710062 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 62-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Knut Kirkeby

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Eicosatrienoic Acid ◽

High Linoleic Acid ◽

Absolute Concentrations

ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and triglycerides of the serum has been studied in groups of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid women and also in control material matched for age. In hyperthyroidism, a decrease in the proportions of linoleic acid and an increase in the proportions of some saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were observed. When absolute concentrations were considered, it appeared that the decrease in linoleic acid was almost equivalent to the entire decrease in total fatty acids in the serum of the hyperthyroid patients. In hypothyroidism no changes were noted in the proportions of linoleic, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and the absolute concentrations reflected the general increase in serum lipids. It is believed that these findings may be explained by the changes in lipid turnover which are known to occur in disturbances of thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, they lead to a linoleic acid deficiency, while a sparing effect must be operating in hypothyroidism. The finding of relatively high linoleic acid values combined with hyperlipaemia in hypothyroidism seems to be characteristic of the condition, since other types of hyperlipaemia are almost invariably combined with low percentages of linoleic acid. Results regarding arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acid are consistent with increased synthesis in hyperthyroidism, and decreased synthesis in hypothyroidism.

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Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200008620 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 206-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽

R.J. Wynn ◽

A.M. Salter ◽

P.J. Buttery

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Coenzyme A ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

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Requirements for n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in feeding juvenile Iranian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and its effects on growth, carcass quality, and fatty acid composition

Aquaculture International ◽

10.1007/s10499-011-9420-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1035-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohamad Reza Imanpoor ◽

Masoud Asghari ◽

Reza Asadi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acipenser Persicus

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Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19690049 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 421-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. A. Garton ◽

W. R. H. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid Pattern ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

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