scholarly journals Small-sized magnesium cylinders influence subchondral bone quality in osteoarthritic rabbits – an in vivo pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
N Angrisani ◽  
◽  
R Willumeit-Römer ◽  
H Windhagen ◽  
B Mavila Chathoth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Drill Holes

No optimal therapy exists to stop or cure chondral degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). While the pathogenesis is unclear, there is consensus on the etiological involvement of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Compared to original bone, the substance of sclerotic bone is mechanically less solid. The osteoproliferative effect of Mg has been shown repeatedly during development of Mg-based osteosynthesis implants. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of implanted high-purity Mg cylinders on subchondral bone quality in a rabbit OA model. 10 New Zealand White rabbits received into the knee either 20 empty drill holes or 20 drill holes, which were additionally filled with one Mg cylinder each. Follow-up was at 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was performed. After euthanasia, cartilage condition was determined, bone samples were collected and processed for histological evaluation and elemental imaging by micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µXRF). Articular cartilage collected post-mortem showed different stages of lesions, from mild alterations up to exposed subchondral bone, which tended to be slightly lower in animals with implanted Mg cylinders. µCT showed significantly increased bone volume in the Mg group. Also, histological evaluation revealed distinct differences. While right, operated limbs did not show any significant difference, left, non-operated controls showed significantly less changes in articular cartilage in the Mg group. A distinct influence of implanted cylinders of pure Mg on subchondral bone of osteoarthritic rabbits was shown. Subsequent evaluations, including other time points and alternative alloys, will show if this could alter OA progression.

scholarly journals Genetic Deletion of Interleukin-15 Is Not Associated with Major Structural Changes Following Experimental Post-Traumatic Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7118
Author(s):  
Ermina Hadzic ◽  
Garth Blackler ◽  
Holly Dupuis ◽  
Stephen James Renaud ◽  
Christopher Thomas Appleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Interleukin 15 ◽  
Joint Trauma ◽  
Surgically Induced

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a degenerative joint disease, leading to articular cartilage breakdown, osteophyte formation, and synovitis, caused by an initial joint trauma. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase catabolic activity and may perpetuate inflammation following joint trauma. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is increased in OA patients, although its roles in PTOA pathophysiology are not well characterized. Here, we utilized Il15 deficient rats to examine the role of IL-15 in PTOA pathogenesis in an injury-induced model. OA was surgically induced in Il15 deficient Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats and control wild-type rats to compare PTOA progression. Semi-quantitative scoring of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone, osteophyte size, and synovium was performed by two blinded observers. There was no significant difference between Il15 deficient rats and wild-type rats following PTOA-induction across articular cartilage damage, subchondral bone damage, and osteophyte scoring. Similarly, synovitis scoring across six parameters found no significant difference between genetic variants. Overall, IL-15 does not appear to play a key role in the development of structural changes in this surgically-induced rat model of PTOA.

Management of fresh odontoid fractures using posterior C1–2 fixation without fusion: a long-term clinical follow-up study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Scale Score ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Odontoid Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE Posterior C1–2 fixation without fusion makes it possible to restore atlantoaxial motion after removing the implant, and it has been used as an alternative technique for odontoid fractures; however, the long-term efficacy of this technique remains uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to explore the long-term follow-up outcomes of patients with odontoid fractures who underwent posterior C1–2 fixation without fusion. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with type II/III fresh odontoid fractures who underwent posterior C1–2 fixation without fusion and were followed up for more than 5 years. The patients were divided into group A (23 patients with implant removal) and group B (39 patients without implant removal) based on whether they underwent a second surgery to remove the implant. The clinical outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups. In group A, the range of motion (ROM) of C1–2 was calculated, and correlation analysis was performed to explore the factors that influence the ROM of C1–2. RESULTS A solid fracture fusion was found in all patients. At the final follow-up, no significant difference was found in visual analog scale score or American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale score between the two groups (p > 0.05), but patients in group A had a lower Neck Disability Index score and milder neck stiffness than did patients in group B (p < 0.05). In group A, 87.0% (20/23) of the patients had atlantoodontoid joint osteoarthritis at the final follow-up. In group A, the C1–2 ROM in rotation was 6.1° ± 4.5° at the final follow-up, whereas the C1–2 ROM in flexion-extension was 1.8° ± 1.2°. A negative correlation was found between the C1–2 ROM in rotation and the severity of tissue injury in the atlantoaxial region (r = –0.403, p = 0.024) and the degeneration of the atlantoodontoid joint (r = –0.586, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Posterior C1–2 fixation without fusion can be used effectively for the management of fresh odontoid fractures. The removal of the implant can further improve the clinical efficacy, but satisfactory atlantoaxial motion cannot be maintained for a long time after implant removal. A surgeon should reconsider the contribution of posterior C1–2 fixation without fusion and secondary implant removal in preserving atlantoaxial mobility for patients with fresh odontoid fractures.

scholarly journals Comparison Between With Kirschner-wires Only And Combined Screw Fixation in Proximal Reverse Chevron osteotomy(PCMO) For Hallux Valgus Deformity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0002
Author(s):  
Hwa Jun Kang ◽  
Hong-Geun Jung ◽  
Jong-Soo Lee ◽  
Sungwook Kim ◽  
Mao Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Kirschner Wires ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Severe Hallux Valgus

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Kirschner-wires fixation, sometimes we have encountered pin irritation or pull-out. This is the reason why we consider additional fixation. Moreover, there are few reports according to comparison of fixation method, and Most of them focused on comparison K-wires or screw fixation only. Purpose of study is to compare clinical and radiographic outcome between Kirschner-wires only and combined screw fixation. Methods: The study included two different groups according to fixation methods. One with Kirschner-wires fixation (KW group) included 117 feet(of 98 patients), the other with combined screw fixation (KWS group) 56 feet (of 40 patients) with moderate to severe hallux valgus. Clinically, the preoperative and final follow-up visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, the preoperative and final follow-up American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-interphalangeal (IP) scores, and patient satisfaction after the surgery were evaluated. Radiographically, the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), medial sesamoid position (MSP), and first to fifth metatarsal width (1-5MTW) were analyzed before and after surgery. Results: The mean AOFAS score improved preoperative 65.5 to 95.3 at final follow up in group A, while preoperative 56.5 to 88.6 at final follow up. Pain VAS decreased from 5.7 to 0.5 in group A, whereas from 6.2 to 1.6 in group B. The mean HVA all improved from preoperative 38.5 to 9.3 at final follow up in group A and 34.7 to 9.1 in group B. The mean IMA and MSP also improved significantly at final follow up. In comparative analysis, the IMA did not show significant difference between postoperative and final state in group A, while showed significant increase in group B. Conclusion: We achieved favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes with minimal complications in patient with moderate to severe hallux valgus in both groups. However, this study shows no statistically significant difference in IMA during follow-up period and lower recurrence rate. Therefore we need to consider combined fixation method to provide better stability and can expect lower recurrence rate.

scholarly journals Tissue Modification of the Lateral Compartment of the Tibio-Femoral Joint Following In Vivo Varus Loading in the Rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Roemhildt ◽  
B. D. Beynnon ◽  
M. Gardner-Morse ◽  
K. Anderson ◽  
G. J. Badger
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Compressive Loads

This study describes the first application of a varus loading device (VLD) to the rat hind limb to study the role of sustained altered compressive loading and its relationship to the initiation of degenerative changes to the tibio-femoral joint. The VLD applies decreased compressive load to the lateral compartment and increased compressive load to the medial compartment of the tibio-femoral joint in a controlled manner. Mature rats were randomized into one of three groups: unoperated control, 0% (sham), or 80% body weight (BW). Devices were attached to an animal’s leg to deliver altered loads of 0% and 80% BW to the experimental knee for 12 weeks. Compartment-specific material properties of the tibial cartilage and subchondral bone were determined using indentation tests. Articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone thicknesses, articular cartilage cellularity, and degeneration score were determined histologically. Joint tissues were sensitive to 12 weeks of decreased compressive loading in the lateral compartment with articular cartilage thickness decreased in the peripheral region, subchondral bone thickness increased, and cellularity of the midline region decreased in the 80% BW group as compared to the 0% BW group. The medial compartment revealed trends for diminished cellularity and aggregate modulus with increased loading. The rat-VLD model provides a new system to evaluate altered quantified levels of chronic in vivo loading without disruption of the joint capsule while maintaining full use of the knee. These results reveal a greater sensitivity of tissue parameters to decreased loading versus increased loading of 80% BW for 12 weeks in the rat. This model will allow future mechanistic studies that focus on the initiation and progression of degenerative changes with increased exposure in both magnitude and time to altered compressive loads.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal hilar tumors: an empirical analysis of 290 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiya Yang ◽  
Lianjie Mou ◽  
Nianzeng Xing
Keyword(s):  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Abstract Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(LPN) in the treatment of renal hilar tumors. Methods Clinical data of 290 patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from January 2013 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 27 patients with renal hilar tumors and 263 patients with non-hilar renal tumors. Perioperative data and follow-up results were compared between the two groups. Results Tumor size in Group A is smaller(2.97±0.88 vs 3.55±1.46,p<0.05), R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of Group A is higher(8.4±1.3 vs 6.5±1.7,p<0.01).The operation time, WIT and intraoperative blood loss in the Group A were slightly higher, but with no statistical difference (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative ultrasound rate, collection system repair rate, drainage time,postoperative hospital stay, and eGFR changes (p>0.05).The median follow-up period was 40 months. One patient with postoperative pathologic report of angiomyolipoma was found tumor recurrence and was currently undergoing regular reexamination. Conclusion Three-dimensional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal hilar tumors is safe and feasible after detailed preoperative evaluation of the tumor and selection of appropriate surgical strategies.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate and compare the expulsion and continuation rates of post placental insertion of Cu 375 and CuT 380A in Indian women at a premier hospital in New Delhi, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansi Kumar ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Parul Aggarwal ◽  
Archna Gangania ◽  
Rupali Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Placental ◽  
Group B ◽  
Continuation Rates

Background: The Study was planned to evaluate and compare the expulsion and continuation rates of post placental insertion of Cu 375 and CuT380A in Indian women at Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi, after approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical committee.Methods: Study group consisted of 300 women, divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. The data was analysed by using ‘student “t” test/ non-parametric ‘Wilcoxon Mann Whitney’ for quantitative variables to evaluate the safety, efficacy and acceptability.Results: Mean age was 24.99 years (range: 19-35years), All women were married (off which 64% literate) and Mean parity in group A was 1.97 and 2.06 in group B. Mean pain score during intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion on visual analogue scale was 2.93 in group A and 3 in group B and was not statistically different. 84% women completed 12 months follow up in group A and 83.33% women in group B. Strings were visible in 74% women in group A and in 34% women in group B at 1 month of IUCD insertion. Visibility of strings increased in successive follow up visits and was visible in >80% of women at the end of one year in the both groups. String visibility after intra-Caesarean insertion was delayed. Fifty one percent (n=77) subjects in group A and 54% (n=81) in group B experienced amenorrhea up to six months. Menorrhagia was reported in 7.33% in group A and women 8.66% in group B at the end of 1 year of follow up. Pain was complained by 26 out of 150 (17.3%) women in group A as compared to 36 out of 150 (24%) women in group B after 1 month of insertion. There was no case of PID in group A whereas there were 3 cases of PID in group B. There was no perforation/trauma and pregnancy in either group.Conclusions: Overall expulsion rate was 13% and removal rate was 5% in our study. Continuation rate was 83.3% in Cu 375 and 80.6% in CuT380A at 12 months. There was no significant difference between the IUCDs regarding the safety, efficacy and complications such as expulsion, bleeding etc.

Comparison of the Effects of Two Different Hollow Nails in the Treatment of the Young Pauwels Type Ⅲ Femoral Neck Fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENJING CHENG ◽  
GUOZHENG - DING
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Avascular Osteonecrosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Random Number Table ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: At present, there is a higher complication rate after treatment of femoral neck fractures with three parallel hollow nails (PHN) in the young Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fractures.For better effect,F-shape hollow nails(FHN) is used to treat femoral neck fractures.The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of FHN and PHN and provide reference for clinical application.Methods: Thirty-eight consecutive patients admitted from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected for the study. According to random number table method, the patients were divided into two groups:group A (FHN) and group B (PHN). The gender, age, BMI, comorbidities, time from injury to operation and other general preoperative demographics were not statistically different (P>0.05). The data of the two groups can be comparable.The occurrence of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AVN), femoral neck shortening, hollow screw withdrawal was recorded in follow-up.Then, Harris hip score (HHS), pain visual analog score (VAS) of two group were obtained at the last follow-up. Results: The mean follow-up period after surgery was 21.4±10.1 (range, 14–29) months. There were 18 cases(mean age, 47.5±9.6) in group A, 20 cases (mean age, 48.6±10.1) in group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups in AVN, femoral neck shortening (P>0.05), the two groups had statistically significant differences in screw withdrawal (F=4.416, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in HHS and VAS between the two groups at the last follow-up (P>0.05).Conclusion: Three parallel hollow nails (PHN) and F-shape hollow nails (FHN) have similar short-term effects in the young Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fractures, but the nail withdrawal rate of FNH is lower.

A Biomechanical Comparison of Three Miniature Locking Plate Systems in a Rabbit Radial and Ulnar Fracture Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harue Takizawa ◽  
Muneki Honnami ◽  
Takamasa Sakai ◽  
Akari Sasaki ◽  
Ayumi Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Fracture Stabilization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ulnar Fracture ◽  
Fracture Models

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of three different miniature locking plate systems used to fixate radial and ulnar fractures in toy breed dogs. Implant size, shape, material and locking systems differ, and their influence on the fracture healing process is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate this matter in vivo using rabbit radial and ulnar fracture models. Study Design Eighteen rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, and the left radius and ulna were osteotomized to create fracture models. The osteotomies were then fixated using either the TITAN LOCK 1.5, Fixin micro or LCP 1.5 system. Radiographs were obtained 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, the radiuses were collected and used for biomechanical testing or histological examinations. Results During the 4 weeks of observation, no adverse effects due to the implants occurred. The radiographic scores in each group did not differ significantly at any time point. The maximum load in the LCP group was significantly higher than that in the TITAN and Fixin groups. There was no significant difference in bending stiffness or work to failure among the groups. Initial fracture healing via woven bone was evident at histological evaluation. Conclusions All three miniature locking plate systems provided adequate fracture stabilization 4 weeks after surgery, despite their differences, in rabbit models.

Treatment of Major Laparoscopic Bile Duct Injury: A Long-Term Follow-up Result

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Xu ◽  
You Cheng Zhang ◽  
Pen Gao ◽  
Farah Bahrani-Mougeot ◽  
Ling Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Duct Injury ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Operation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The goal of this study is to present the multiple institutions experience comparing the outcome of management between initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) surgeon and specialist as well as the outcome of different operative procedures to major bile duct injury (BDI) after LC. We have retrospectively collected data of 77 cases of perioperatively detected major BDI in LC at 15 general surgical institutions from 1997 to 2007. We classified 42 cases treated by an experienced biliary surgeon as Group A and 35 cases treated by the initial LC surgeon as Group B. Forty-eight cases were treated with duct-to-duct anastomosis as Group C and 29 cases were treated with Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy as Group D. The median duration of follow-up was 62 months. The outcome of groups was compared. In Group A, 7 of 42 (16.7%) patients developed a failure. Two of seven (28.6%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. In Group B, 24 of 35 (68.6%) patients developed a failure. Seventeen of 24 (70.8%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. One of 35 (2.85%) patients died. The significant differences were observed in failure and secondary operations (16.7 vs 68.6%, P < 0.01 and 28.6 vs 70.8%, P < 0.01). There is no significant difference Group C and Group D in failure rate (28.5 vs 11.7%, P > 0.05). A multiple institutional cooperative methodology between the local surgical institution and tertiary care centers provided a good way to limit further operations, failure. The reconstructive strategy is important and should be selected according to the type of injury and the diagnosed status of major BDI.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Polymyxin B, Neomycin and Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Otitis Externa at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Mayuri Gupta ◽  
S Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cure Rates

IntroductionAcute otitis externa (AOE) is a common but preventable ear condition. Tenderness with movement of the tragus or pinna is a classic feature of otitis Externa. Polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone preparations are the choice for first-line therapy when the tympanic membrane is intact. This study atiempted to compare the efficacy of polymyxin B, neomycin and polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone in the treatment of otitis Externa.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of polymyxin B, neomycin and polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone in the treatment of otitis Externa.MethodologyTo evaluate the efficacy of polymyxin B, neomycin and polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone in the treatment of otitis Externa, a hospital based, randomized, prospective study was conducted in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Atiarkhel, Kathmandu from August 2012 to May 2014. 70 outpatients suffering from otitis Externa who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Patients were randomized into group A and group B with lotiery system. Odd number patients were included in group A and even number patients in group B. Group A patients received pack soaked with ribbon gauge in polymyxin B, neomycin ointment and Group B patients received pack soaked with ribbon gauge in polymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone ointment. The patients were called for follow up after 48 hours and 96 hours to assess the improvement on the basis of tragal and circumduction tenderness either present or absent (present 1 or absent 2). A decrease in the clinical signs and symptoms (i.e. tragal and circumduc_on tenderness) was noted. Absence of pain was considered as clinically cured.ResultsIn comparison to polymyxin B, neomycin group, hydrocortisone group exhibited statistically significant effectiveness after 48 hours of treatment (p<0.05), but in cure rates after 96 hours, no statistical significant difference was observed between two groups (p>0.05).ConclusionPolymyxin B, neomycin, hydrocortisone group showed higher and faster cure rates than polymyxin B, neomycin group in the treatment of otitis Externa at 48 hours follow up. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 162-167 

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