scholarly journals Anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Victorious 1945: Idea, Celebration Scenario, International Response

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Valentina Korzun ◽  
Mihail Kovalev ◽  
Viktoriya Gruzdinskaya
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Science Field ◽  
International Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Academic Elite ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The authors focus on the celebration of the 220th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1945. The festive events hosted both due to the anniversary, joyful victory and cease of warfare in Europe were attended by 124 delegates from 17 countries, as well as by nearly 1,000 Soviet academics. The situation was unique in its concept and inspired people with hope for world reconstruction. The occasion was widely publicized, eliciting an extensive response. The anniversary served an occasion to organize the forum where academics discussed their perception of science field in the victorious year of 1945. Based on a wide range of sources, including foreign archives first introduced to the academia, the paper presents the scenarios of the celebration of the 220th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences, as well as the images of the Russian and Soviet science represented by the academic elite, and their perception by the international scientific community. The authors reveal the factors that influence the establishment and functioning of the communicative field of global science. It is concluded that in a contextual way the anniversary events featured the overestima­ted expectations of new forms of international cooperation, with various forms of collaboration being discussed. However, the triumph over the “unified science” and the establishment of the universal communicative field was temporary.

scholarly journals Evolution of “Academic Sector” of Soviet Historical Science in 1920s—1960s.

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-289
Author(s):  
O. V. Metel
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Profile ◽  
Soviet Historiography ◽  
Academic Sector

The evolution of the “academic sector” of Soviet historical science is analyzed, the process ofits formation and subsequent development is considered. The relevance of the study is due to themethodological searches of modern historiography, focused on the study of the internal mechanismsof the development of the research tradition. The author identifies the main stages of building theorganizational structure of the Soviet academic historical science, relying on a wide range of publishedand previously not introduced into circulation of archival documents, as well as taking intoaccount the latest developments of modern historiographers. The author believes that the model oforganizing historical research within the framework of the USSR Academy of Sciences was formedunder the influence of the pre-revolutionary tradition and institutional “experiments” of the first yearsof Soviet power. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the first stageof the formation of the “academic sector” of Soviet historiography fell on the 1930s and was associatedwith the formation of the “academic center” — the Moscow institutes of the Department of Historyand Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the second stage of this process endedin 1950s and assumed the formation of “academic periphery” — institutions of the historical profile of branches, bases and departments of the USSR Academy of Sciences and republican academies of sciences. The author believes that the formation of the “academic sector” took place under the influence of external (political-ideological) and internal (scientific) factors. 

CORRESPONDENCE OF THE STAFF OF THE MANUSCRIPT DEPARTMENT OF THE LIBRARY OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WITH I.N. ZAVOLOKO (1972–1983)

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-133
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Ivan Nikiforovich Zavoloko (1897–1984) – a well-known figure of the Old Believer movement, historian, local historian, folklorist, collector of antiquities, educator, who had great authority both among the Old Believers and the scientific community. He actively collaborated with the Pushkin House and the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences (BAN) in Leningrad in collecting manuscripts in the Baltic States and studying them. The published correspondence covers the period from 1972 to 1983 and includes 46 documents. Those are letters from I.N. Zavoloko to the curator of the manuscripts of the BAN N.Yu. Bubnov, to other employees of the Manuscript Department; and some response letters.

scholarly journals Studies of Permafrost in the European Northeast of Russia in the First Half of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Filippova ◽  
◽  
Nina G. Lisevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the basis of a wide range of sources, the research analyzes the history of the study of permafrost in the territory of the European Northeast of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. The documentary sources revealed in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), the National Archive of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar), the Scientific Archive of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar), the Vorkuta Museum and Exhibition Center (Vorkuta) are introduced into the scientific use for the first time. The 1920s became the period of the birth of a new scientific direction – permafrostology. This science gave an impetus to the systematic study and development of the North and the Arctic. The beginning of systematic geocryologic studies was connected with the development of the European Northeast in the 1920s–1930s. It has been determined that the USSR Academy of Sciences played the leading role in carrying out these studies: it organized special scientific expeditions for studying the cryolithozone of this region. The main results of the studies and their motives interconnected with the government’s interests in the development of valuable northern mineral resources are shown. The results of the expeditions were conclusions about the possibility of constructing large industrial facilities in the regions of the explored reserves of natural raw material resources. Following scientists’ recommendation, the industrial development of the Pechora coal basin and the colonization of the polar region began. The climatic and natural features of the region demanded stationary scientific research in the field of design and construction. The Vorkuta Research Permafrost Station (VRPS) (1936–1958), created under the supervision of the USSR Academy of Sciences, began to carry out this research. Today, the history of this station’s activities is poorly studied. The article presents the main directions of VRPS research: engineering permafrostology and general issues of permafrost studies. The staff of the station were researchers of the Committee on Permafrost Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences and scientists from among prisoners of GULAG. The role of the staff who made a great contribution to permafrost studies is shown. Under the leadership of the scientists of the station, on the basis of their techniques, large industrial structures of Vorkuta District and Vorkuta, among them the first railroad in the conditions of permafrost, were designed. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences in carrying out studies of permafrost soil in the European Northeast in the first half of the 20th century which became the basis in the successful solution of construction problems in the Arctic territory.

Nesmeyanov’s Strategy. To the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Aziz M. Muzafarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
State University ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Management ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Moscow State University

Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov, one of the most underestimated presidents of the Academy of Sciences, was a great original-minded scientist who opened up organoelement chemistry to the world as an independent science and later on — an artificial food, to which the world turns again after several decades. These milestones of his biography are well known to scientific community, as well as his leadership of Moscow State University during the new complex construction on the Lenin Hills, creation of INEOS and VINITI. 10-years period of his biography, when he was a President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is much less known. It was in this position that he manifested enormous talent as an organizer of the country's modern science management system, where the Academy of Sciences played an important role. Many thoughts and deeds of A.N. Nesmeyanov are especially relevant today.

scholarly journals Understanding User Involvement in Research in Aging and Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233372141989778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Iwarsson ◽  
Anna-Karin Edberg ◽  
Synneve Dahlin Ivanoff ◽  
Elizabeth Hanson ◽  
Håkan Jönson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
The Impact

User involvement in research is advocated as an avenue for efficient societal developments. In this article, we identify potentials, problems, and challenges related to research on aging and health, and identify and illustrate research priorities using an evolving research program as an example. Involving user representatives in the development phase, the UserAge program engages researchers at four universities in Sweden. The program builds upon previous and ongoing research with user involvement. The goals are to maximize the impact of user involvement, enhance the execution of high-quality research, increase the knowledge about what difference user involvement can make, and evaluate the impact of research about and with user involvement. Taken together and communicated in the international scientific community as well as in a wide range of public arenas, the empirical results, capacity-building, and modeling efforts of UserAge will have an impact not only on the present situation but also on the future.

Science after Stalin: Forging a New Image of Soviet Science

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Related Series ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

ArgumentPost-Stalinist reforms resulted in dramatic changes in the ways of operation of Soviet science: one can say that they altered the very understanding of what science was, or should be, in the socialist society. A new vision came about as a result of political and rhetorical efforts of scientists, who pushed forward their various, often conflicting, agendas acting in accordance with specific rules of Soviet polity. The most visible part of the reform came with the 1961 administrative reorganization of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The related series of changes, however, was much broader and comprehensive, modifying the relationships between science and ideology, politicians and academic researchers, and establishing the very division between fundamental and applied research, which had been strongly rejected during the preceding Stalinist period.

“Pavlovian” session: a new reading

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
N. Stoyukhina ◽  
◽  
A. L. Zhuravlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Scientific Session ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Memorable Event

An attempt was made to take a fresh look at a significant event for Soviet science that happened more than 70 years ago – the Joint scientific session of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, dedicated to the problems of the physiological doctrine of academician I.P. Pavlov (June 28 – July 4, 1950). The memoirs of contemporaries of that memorable event were analyzed based on a new reading of the speeches of the participants, published in the verbatim record of the scientific session. For the first time, authors examined the report of the physiologist M.M. Koltsova, who was considered one of those who wanted and offered to “close” psychology. Also, for the first time in historiography of the “Pavlovian” session, authors analyzed the unfulfilled (but published in the verbatim record) speech of the employee of the Institute of philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.A. Petrushevsky, in which he highlighted the state of contemporary psychology in the USSR and outlined the prospects for its development. As a significant result of the analysis of the materials reflected in the verbatim record authors considered the fact that in the texts of the speeches and in the resolution of the session there was not found an extremely (sharply) negative mention of psychology and psychologists, therefore, the opinion of some authors about the existing decision to “close” psychology, expressed in the session, has not yet been confirmed. Some consequences of this scientific event were considered: the teaching of I.P. Pavlov began to spread directively; after the death of I.V. Stalin the interest in Pavlov's works declined; there were words about the urgent need to create a special psychological institution in the system of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It is shown that the session caused a high activity of psychologists, which led to the strengthening of its methodological positions and scientific-organizational structures.

scholarly journals A man whom nobody can replace. The 100th anniversary of the birth of a corresponding member of RAS S.R. Mikulinskii

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161
Author(s):  
Simon S. Ilizarov
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Science Of Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The life of the prominent scholar and organizer of science and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.R. Mikulinskii (19191991), who determined strategic directions for the development of the history of science and lay the foundation for the science of science in the 1960s 1980s, was full of tragic turns. In his biography, it is said that his years of schooling were followed by his volunteering for the army during the Great Patriotic War, years of being a prisoner in first Nazi, and then Soviet, camps, followed by years of studies and a meteoric scientific career that abruptly ended with his expulsion from the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute for the History of Science and Technology that he himself had nurtured. Under his guidance, prominent scientists in a wide range of disciplines were brought together at the Institute, which reached the peak of its development having become a globally recognized center for the advancement of thought in the history of science.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document