scholarly journals Comparative Study of Proof of Work (PoW) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) Blockchain Consensus Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 650-654
Author(s):  
Nithish Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Current System ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
System A ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
Reliable Mechanism

As opposed to the current system, that is controlled by a central authority, blockchain was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 as a distributed ledger system. A major development in the technology came with the introduction of virtual cryptocurrencies where transactions were recorded and verified by miners or validators at various nodes in different locations. Since these transaction records are available to everyone, this solved the current problem of excessive double spending. In a decentralized system like blockchain, a reliable mechanism was necessary to verify the integrity of all transactions. This led to the introduction of a variety of consensus mechanisms. This paper presents the results of a comparative study between Proof of Work and Delegated Proof of Stake, both of which have been widely used in Blockchain projects recently. Based on the above, this study will primarily discuss a brief explanation of the workings of both algorithms, comparisons between them, and various factors impacting these algorithms from a crypto currency standpoint.

scholarly journals Consensus Algorithms Blockchain: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Siham Hattab ◽  
Imad Fakhri Taha Alyaseen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The State ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Encrypted Database

A blockchain is a Distributed Ledger Technology that has been defined as a “distributed, shared, encrypted database that serves as an irreversible and incorruptible repository of information. Blockchain can be defined as a peer-to-peer distributed ledger that is cryptographically secure, append-only, immutable and updatable only via consensus or agreement among peers. In blockchain platforms, each transaction in the public ledger is verified by consensus of the majority of the system participants in a transparent and secure way. The consensus algorithm refers to the process of attaining an unified agreement on the state of the network in a decentralized way and to facilitate the verification and validation of information being added to the blockchain. This paper aims at providing a comparison between most of the recent consensus algorithms regarding the scalability of the algorithm; the type of blockchain, node identity, the performance of the algorithm (in terms of throughput & latency) and Adversial Tolerance and to deliver a solid basis for discussions about current statistics. In this research, we also presented a new category of the Blockchain consensus algorithms, which consist of three groups as follows; the proof based on Hardware, the proof based on stake, and the proof based on voting.

scholarly journals Public Distributed Decentralized System as Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Sayali Sandesh Pingale ◽  
Prof. Rohit Bag ◽  
Dr. Mangesh M. Ghonge
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Database System ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System A ◽  
The Right ◽  
Centralized System

Blockchain technology is very useful in multiple areas in our day-to-day world. Along with many social networking platforms there is a possibility of data theft or tampered or data leakage and hence we need our data to be secure and immutable. One of the best solutions to this problem is blockchain technology. It replaced the traditional centralized system with a distributed, decentralized database system. A centralized system requires third parties like servers, banks, or any intermediary for transactions between two users where decentralized systems do not require any central authority to work in between two users. Blockchain technology fully works on a decentralized system. By using a cryptographic consensus algorithm, we achieve privacy, security, and immutability. This paper presents the survey of the most important technology, also presents prerequisites of the technology. The purpose of this paper is too familiar with the innovative, revolutionizing technology as well as awareness of the technology. This paper gives an idea of whether we choose blockchain or not as the right solution for our application based on its characteristics, design, and implementation.

Fuzzy Logic Controlled SEPIC Re-Lift Converter System - A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
T. Ezhilan ◽  
J. Ravikumar ◽  
B. Baskaran ◽  
S. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Coupled CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>-driven compromises to marine life in summer along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mayol ◽  
S. Ruiz-Halpern ◽  
C. M. Duarte ◽  
J. C. Castilla ◽  
J. L. Pelegrí
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Small Water ◽  
System A ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Humboldt Current System ◽  
Upper Mixed Layer

Abstract. Carbon dioxide and coupled CO2 and O2-driven compromises to marine life were examined along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System, a particularly vulnerable hypoxic and upwelling area, applying the Respiration index (RI = log10 pO2pCO2) and the pH-dependent aragonite saturation (Ω) to delineate the water masses where aerobic and calcifying organisms are stressed. As expected, there was a strong negative relationship between oxygen concentration and pH or pCO2 in the studied area, with the subsurface hypoxic Equatorial Subsurface Waters extending from 100 m to about 300 m depth and supporting elevated pCO2 values. The lowest RI values, associated to aerobic stress, were found at about 200 m depth and decreased towards the Equator. Increased pCO2 in the hypoxic water layer reduced the RI values by as much as 0.59 RI units, with the thickness of the upper water layer that presents conditions suitable for aerobic life (RI>0.7) declining by half between 42° S and 28° S. The intermediate waters hardly reached those stations closer to the equator so that the increased pCO2 lowered pH and the saturation of aragonite. A significant fraction of the water column along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System suffers from CO2–driven compromises to biota, including waters corrosive to calcifying organisms, stress to aerobic organisms or both. The habitat free of CO2-driven stresses was restricted to the upper mixed layer and to small water parcels at about 1000 m depth. Overall pCO2 acts as a hinge connecting respiratory and calcification challenges expected to increase in the future, resulting in a spread of the challenges to aerobic organisms.

Effect of residual Doppler averaging on the probe absorption in cascade type system: A comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 094204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Mondal ◽  
Arindam Ghosh ◽  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Amitava Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Type System ◽  
System A ◽  
Probe Absorption ◽  
Cascade Type
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