scholarly journals Palmprint Recognition in Uncontrolled and Unco-operative Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan S Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Palmprint Recognition ◽  
User Cooperation ◽  
Victim Identification ◽  
Palmprint Identification ◽  
On Line ◽  
End To End ◽  
Area Unit

Abstract: On-line palmprint recognition and latent palmprint identification unit two branches of palmprint studies. The previous uses middle-resolution footage collected by a camera in an exceedingly} very well-controlled or contact-based surroundings with user cooperation for industrial applications and so the latter uses high resolution latent palmprints collected in crime scenes for rhetorical investigation. However, these two branches do not cowl some palmprint footage that have the potential for rhetorical investigation. Attributable to the prevalence of smartphone and shopper camera, further proof is at intervals the variability of digital footage taken in uncontrolled and uncooperative surroundings. However, their palms area unit typically noticeable. To visualize palmprint identification on footage collected in uncontrolled and uncooperative surroundings, a novel palmprint info is established Associate in nursing AN end-to-end deep learning rule is projected. The new data named NTU Palmprints from the net (NTU-PI-v1) contains 7881 footage from 2035 palms collected from the net. The projected rule consists of Associate in Nursing alignment network and a feature extraction network and is end-to-end trainable. The projected rule is compared with the progressive on-line palmprint recognition ways that and evaluated on three public contactless palmprint infos, IITD, CASIA, and PolyU and a couple of new databases, NTU-PI-v1 and NTU contactless palmprint info. The experimental results showed that the projected rule outperforms the current palmprint recognition ways that. Keywords: Biometrics, criminal and victim identification, forensics, palmprint recognition

scholarly journals 2D and 3D Palmprint and Palm Vein Recognition Based on Neural Architecture Search

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jia ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Hai Min ◽  
Yan-Xiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Palmprint Recognition ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Vein Recognition ◽  
Palm Vein ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Important Research Direction

AbstractPalmprint recognition and palm vein recognition are two emerging biometrics technologies. In the past two decades, many traditional methods have been proposed for palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition and have achieved impressive results. In recent years, in the field of artificial intelligence, deep learning has gradually become the mainstream recognition technology because of its excellent recognition performance. Some researchers have tried to use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition. However, the architectures of these CNNs have mostly been developed manually by human experts, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. In order to overcome some shortcomings of manually designed CNN, neural architecture search (NAS) technology has become an important research direction of deep learning. The significance of NAS is to solve the deep learning model’s parameter adjustment problem, which is a cross-study combining optimization and machine learning. NAS technology represents the future development direction of deep learning. However, up to now, NAS technology has not been well studied for palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition. In this paper, in order to investigate the problem of NAS-based 2D and 3D palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition in-depth, we conduct a performance evaluation of twenty representative NAS methods on five 2D palmprint databases, two palm vein databases, and one 3D palmprint database. Experimental results show that some NAS methods can achieve promising recognition results. Remarkably, among different evaluated NAS methods, ProxylessNAS achieves the best recognition performance.

scholarly journals Matching Large Baseline Oblique Stereo Images Using an End-to-End Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Guobiao Yao ◽  
Alper Yilmaz ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Fei Meng ◽  
Haibin Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Affine Invariant ◽  
Stereo Images ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
End To End

The available stereo matching algorithms produce large number of false positive matches or only produce a few true-positives across oblique stereo images with large baseline. This undesired result happens due to the complex perspective deformation and radiometric distortion across the images. To address this problem, we propose a novel affine invariant feature matching algorithm with subpixel accuracy based on an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN). In our method, we adopt and modify a Hessian affine network, which we refer to as IHesAffNet, to obtain affine invariant Hessian regions using deep learning framework. To improve the correlation between corresponding features, we introduce an empirical weighted loss function (EWLF) based on the negative samples using K nearest neighbors, and then generate deep learning-based descriptors with high discrimination that is realized with our multiple hard network structure (MTHardNets). Following this step, the conjugate features are produced by using the Euclidean distance ratio as the matching metric, and the accuracy of matches are optimized through the deep learning transform based least square matching (DLT-LSM). Finally, experiments on Large baseline oblique stereo images acquired by ground close-range and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and comprehensive comparisons demonstrate that our matching algorithm outperforms the state-of-art methods in terms of accuracy, distribution and correct ratio. The main contributions of this article are: (i) our proposed MTHardNets can generate high quality descriptors; and (ii) the IHesAffNet can produce substantial affine invariant corresponding features with reliable transform parameters.

scholarly journals Deep learning for end-to-end kidney cancer diagnosis on multi-phase abdominal computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hyun Uhm ◽  
Seung-Won Jung ◽  
Moon Hyung Choi ◽  
Hong-Kyu Shin ◽  
Jae-Ik Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Renal Tumor ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Computed Tomography ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End To End ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Histologic Subtypes

AbstractIn 2020, it is estimated that 73,750 kidney cancer cases were diagnosed, and 14,830 people died from cancer in the United States. Preoperative multi-phase abdominal computed tomography (CT) is often used for detecting lesions and classifying histologic subtypes of renal tumor to avoid unnecessary biopsy or surgery. However, there exists inter-observer variability due to subtle differences in the imaging features of tumor subtypes, which makes decisions on treatment challenging. While deep learning has been recently applied to the automated diagnosis of renal tumor, classification of a wide range of subtype classes has not been sufficiently studied yet. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model for the differential diagnosis of five major histologic subtypes of renal tumors including both benign and malignant tumors on multi-phase CT. Our model is a unified framework to simultaneously identify lesions and classify subtypes for the diagnosis without manual intervention. We trained and tested the model using CT data from 308 patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal tumors. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889, and outperformed radiologists for most subtypes. We further validated the model on an independent dataset of 184 patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The AUC for this dataset was 0.855, and the model performed comparably to the radiologists. These results indicate that our model can achieve similar or better diagnostic performance than radiologists in differentiating a wide range of renal tumors on multi-phase CT.

scholarly journals End-to-End, Pixel-Wise Vessel-Specific Coronary and Aortic Calcium Detection and Scoring Using Deep Learning

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Subhi Al’Aref ◽  
Benjamin Lee ◽  
Jing Lee ◽  
Swee Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
End To End ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Conventional scoring and identification methods for coronary artery calcium (CAC) and aortic calcium (AC) result in information loss from the original image and can be time-consuming. In this study, we sought to demonstrate an end-to-end deep learning model as an alternative to the conventional methods. Scans of 377 patients with no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were obtained and annotated. A deep learning model was trained, tested and validated in a 60:20:20 split. Within the cohort, mean age was 64.2 ± 9.8 years, and 33% were female. Left anterior descending, right coronary artery, left circumflex, triple vessel, and aortic calcifications were present in 74.87%, 55.82%, 57.41%, 46.03%, and 85.41% of patients respectively. An overall Dice score of 0.952 (interquartile range 0.921, 0.981) was achieved. Stratified by subgroups, there was no difference between male (0.948, interquartile range 0.920, 0.981) and female (0.965, interquartile range 0.933, 0.980) patients (p = 0.350), or, between age <65 (0.950, interquartile range 0.913, 0.981) and age ≥65 (0.957, interquartile range 0.930, 0.9778) (p = 0.742). There was good correlation and agreement for CAC prediction (rho = 0.876, p < 0.001), with a mean difference of 11.2% (p = 0.100). AC correlated well (rho = 0.947, p < 0.001), with a mean difference of 9% (p = 0.070). Automated segmentation took approximately 4 s per patient. Taken together, the deep-end learning model was able to robustly identify vessel-specific CAC and AC with high accuracy, and predict Agatston scores that correlated well with manual annotation, facilitating application into areas of research and clinical importance.

scholarly journals Unsupervised learning by competing hidden units

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (16) ◽  
pp. 7723-7731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Krotov ◽  
John J. Hopfield
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Backpropagation Algorithm ◽  
Feedforward Networks ◽  
Feature Detectors ◽  
End To End ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
Full Network ◽  
Global Inhibition

It is widely believed that end-to-end training with the backpropagation algorithm is essential for learning good feature detectors in early layers of artificial neural networks, so that these detectors are useful for the task performed by the higher layers of that neural network. At the same time, the traditional form of backpropagation is biologically implausible. In the present paper we propose an unusual learning rule, which has a degree of biological plausibility and which is motivated by Hebb’s idea that change of the synapse strength should be local—i.e., should depend only on the activities of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. We design a learning algorithm that utilizes global inhibition in the hidden layer and is capable of learning early feature detectors in a completely unsupervised way. These learned lower-layer feature detectors can be used to train higher-layer weights in a usual supervised way so that the performance of the full network is comparable to the performance of standard feedforward networks trained end-to-end with a backpropagation algorithm on simple tasks.

scholarly journals End-to-end privacy preserving deep learning on multi-institutional medical imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Kaissis ◽  
Alexander Ziller ◽  
Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach ◽  
Théo Ryffel ◽  
Dmitrii Usynin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
End To End

SHEDR: An End-to-End Deep Neural Event Detection and Recommendation Framework for Hyperlocal News Using Social Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuheng Hu ◽  
Yili Hong
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Neural Event ◽  
End To End

Residents often rely on newspapers and television to gather hyperlocal news for community awareness and engagement. More recently, social media have emerged as an increasingly important source of hyperlocal news. Thus far, the literature on using social media to create desirable societal benefits, such as civic awareness and engagement, is still in its infancy. One key challenge in this research stream is to timely and accurately distill information from noisy social media data streams to community members. In this work, we develop SHEDR (social media–based hyperlocal event detection and recommendation), an end-to-end neural event detection and recommendation framework with a particular use case for Twitter to facilitate residents’ information seeking of hyperlocal events. The key model innovation in SHEDR lies in the design of the hyperlocal event detector and the event recommender. First, we harness the power of two popular deep neural network models, the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), in a novel joint CNN-LSTM model to characterize spatiotemporal dependencies for capturing unusualness in a region of interest, which is classified as a hyperlocal event. Next, we develop a neural pairwise ranking algorithm for recommending detected hyperlocal events to residents based on their interests. To alleviate the sparsity issue and improve personalization, our algorithm incorporates several types of contextual information covering topic, social, and geographical proximities. We perform comprehensive evaluations based on two large-scale data sets comprising geotagged tweets covering Seattle and Chicago. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in comparison with several state-of-the-art approaches. We show that our hyperlocal event detection and recommendation models consistently and significantly outperform other approaches in terms of precision, recall, and F-1 scores. Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we focus on a novel and important, yet largely underexplored application of computing—how to improve civic engagement in local neighborhoods via local news sharing and consumption based on social media feeds. To address this question, we propose two new computational and data-driven methods: (1) a deep learning–based hyperlocal event detection algorithm that scans spatially and temporally to detect hyperlocal events from geotagged Twitter feeds; and (2) A personalized deep learning–based hyperlocal event recommender system that systematically integrates several contextual cues such as topical, geographical, and social proximity to recommend the detected hyperlocal events to potential users. We conduct a series of experiments to examine our proposed models. The outcomes demonstrate that our algorithms are significantly better than the state-of-the-art models and can provide users with more relevant information about the local neighborhoods that they live in, which in turn may boost their community engagement.

Deep learning for detecting logic-flaw-exploiting network attacks: An end-to-end approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Qingtian Zou ◽  
Anoop Singhal ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Network Attacks ◽  
Network Attack ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Network Intrusion ◽  
End To End

Network attacks have become a major security concern for organizations worldwide. A category of network attacks that exploit the logic (security) flaws of a few widely-deployed authentication protocols has been commonly observed in recent years. Such logic-flaw-exploiting network attacks often do not have distinguishing signatures, and can thus easily evade the typical signature-based network intrusion detection systems. Recently, researchers have applied neural networks to detect network attacks with network logs. However, public network data sets have major drawbacks such as limited data sample variations and unbalanced data with respect to malicious and benign samples. In this paper, we present a new end-to-end approach based on protocol fuzzing to automatically generate high-quality network data, on which deep learning models can be trained for network attack detection. Our findings show that protocol fuzzing can generate data samples that cover real-world data, and deep learning models trained with fuzzed data can successfully detect the logic-flaw-exploiting network attacks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document