scholarly journals The efficiency assessment of an automatic sprinkler system

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
L. T. Tanklevskiy ◽  
A. A. Tarantsev ◽  
O. A. Zybina ◽  
I. A. Babikov
Keyword(s):  
Heating Time ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Heat Detector ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Ceiling Height ◽  
Automatic Sprinkler ◽  
The One

Introduction. Сases of ineffective activation of automatic sprinkler fire-fighting systems (AFFS), designed pursuant to current standards, have made it necessary to address the following three issues: a) identification of reasons for ineffective activation; b) examination of AFFS systems to ensure their successful activation in case of fire; c) making a list of recommendations for AFFS designers. These issues can be resolved with reference to Appendix B to new SP (Construction Regulations) 485.13130.2020.Maximal critical height of sprinkler placement. Models of fire development were used to design the roof height limit and the AFFS bulb heating time. If the ceiling height exceeds the limit value, sprinklers cannot be activated in a timely manner. This leads to delays in the AFFS activation, and, as a result, the fire area exceeds the one safeguarded by the sprinkler.Acceptable sprinkler height. The analysis of fire scenarios and bulb heating models allows to more accurately project the feasibility of timely AFFS activation. This, in turn, allows to solve the three above listed problems.Using a differential heat detector to activate sprinklers. If it is established that the use of the AFFS, activating sprinklers by means of thermal destruction of a bulb, is ineffective in a given room, the feasibility of forced AFFS activation using a differential heat detector responding to the temperature rise in a room may be considered. The ratios, thus obtained, are applied to identify the acceptable height of premises protected by the AFFS equipped with such detectors. Problem solutions, including the identification of the reason for the ineffective operation of the AFFS, examination of the AFFS in operation, and provision of recommendations to designers, are demonstrated using the exhibition hall as an example.Conclusions. The above-mentioned problems are resolvable with the help of Appendix B to new Construction Regulations 485.13130.2020 and the above models.

scholarly journals A computer-based simulation and evaluation: Applying an automatic sprinkler system for extinguishing scooter fires in arcade areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chieh Lee ◽  
◽  
Ching-Yuan Lin ◽  
Ying-Ji Chuang ◽  
Yuan-Shang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Automatic Sprinkler ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Simulation And Evaluation

In Taiwan, arcade buildings function as areas for parking scooters, spaces for markets, and walkways for pedestrians. In recent decades, arcade fires have caused many cases of serious casualties due to the likely direction of fire that spreads from the first floor up, which hinders the evacuation routes. The majority of fire prevention research has focused on confined spaces or rooms instead of arcade areas. Specifically, the controlling of fire spreads that are caused by scooters in arcade areas has been rarely discussed. The variables of spaces, Response Time Index, and sprinkler activation temperatures are modeled in five fire scenarios with the Fire Dynamics Simulator software to simulate the real arcade fires in this paper. The results show that (1) setting an automatic sprinkler system can effectively suppress the arcade fires, (2) the quick response sprinkler RTI≦50 is the most effective type, and the result is similar to RTI=25, and (3) the sprinkler settings with either 2.3 meters or 2.6 meters do not have significant effects on heat release rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of the robustness of a steel frame structure with composite floors subject to multiple fire scenarios

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322199249
Author(s):  
Riza Suwondo ◽  
Lee Cunningham ◽  
Martin Gillie ◽  
Colin Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Steel Frame Structure

This study presents robustness analyses of a three-dimensional multi-storey composite steel structure under the action of multiple fire scenarios. The main objective of the work is to improve current understanding of the collapse resistance of this type of building under different fire situations. A finite element approach was adopted with the model being firstly validated against previous studies available in the literature. The modelling approach was then used to investigate the collapse resistance of the structure for the various fire scenarios examined. Different sizes of fire compartment are considered in this study, starting from one bay, three bays and lastly the whole ground floor as the fire compartment. The investigation allows a fundamental understanding of load redistribution paths and member interactions when local failure occurs. It is concluded that the robustness of the focussed building in a fire is considerably affected by the size of fire compartments as well as fire location. The subject building can resist progressive collapse when the fire occurs only in the one-bay compartment. On the other hand, total collapse occurs when fire is located in the edge three-bay case. This shows that more than one fire scenario needs to be taken into consideration to ensure that a structure of this type can survive from collapse in the worst-case situation.

scholarly journals Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas Composition Changes on Methane Number as a Fuel Quality Requirement

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5060
Author(s):  
Szymon Kuczyński ◽  
Mariusz Łaciak ◽  
Adam Szurlej ◽  
Tomasz Włodek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
The One ◽  
Methane Number

The one of main quality requirements of natural gas as an engine fuel is the methane number (MN). This parameter indicates the fuel’s capability to avoid knocking in the engine. A higher MN value indicates a better natural gas quality for gas engines. Natural gas with higher methane content tends to have higher MN value. This study presents analysis of deviation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) composition and its impact on LNG quality as an engine fuel. The analysis of higher hydrocarbons and nitrogen content impact on LNG parameters was considered for several samples of LNG compositions. Most engine manufacturers want to set a new, lower limit value for methane number at 80. This fact causes significant restrictions on the range of variability in the composition of liquefied natural gas. The goal of this study was to determine the combination of the limit content of individual components in liquefied natural gas to achieve the strict methane number criterion (MN > 80). To fulfill this criterion, the methane content in LNG would have to exceed 93.7%mol, and a significant part of the LNG available on the market does not meet these requirements. The analysis also indicated that the methane number cannot be the only qualitative criterion, as its variability depends strongly on the LNG composition. To determine the applicability of LNG as an engine fuel, the simultaneous application of the methane number and Wobbe index criteria was proposed.

Subway Station Fire Prevention System Safety Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 1861-1864
Author(s):  
Ruo Jun Wang ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Yan Ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Automatic Sprinkler ◽  
Smoke Control System

Fire prevention system of subway station plays an important role in ensuring passenger safety. The Shenyang Youth Street subway station fire prevention system safety was studied, applying performance-based fire protection design analysis method, using of FDS simulation software on the station fire prevention safety system for the calculation and analysis. Three working conditions were set when subway fire happens. Fire smoke flow characteristics and the distribution of temperature, CO concentration and visibility were analyzed and compared. The results show that the automatic sprinkler system and smoke control system have great effect on the preventing spread of fire. In the automatic sprinkler system and smoke control system conditions, fire hazards have not reached the standards of passengers tolerance.

Investigation into Damage of Aluminum Gas-Filled Pressure Vessels under Hypervelocity Impact

2007 ◽  
Vol 348-349 ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Shun Guan ◽  
Bao Jun Pang ◽  
Yue Ha
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
The One ◽  
Impact Kinetic Energy ◽  
The Impact

Impacts of meteoroids and space debris on pressure vessels can have detrimental consequences for any mission. Depending on the parameters of the impacting particle and the characteristic of the vessel, the damages can range from relatively uncritical craters in the vessel’s surface to the catastrophic bursting of vessels, which besides the loss of vessel may result in severe secondary damages to surrounding components. In order to investigate failure mechanisms of thin-walled aluminum pressure vessels under hypervelocity impact of space debris, a non-powder two-stage light gas gun was used to launch Al-sphere projectiles impacting on unshielded and shielded vessels. Damage patterns and mechanisms leading to catastrophic rupture are discussed. Experimental results indicate that the impact kinetic energy of the projectile and the gas pressure in the vessel have an important effect on the damage modes of the vessel. On the one hand, high pressure gas can lead to a vessel blast. On the other hand, high pressure gas can mitigate the impact of the debris cloud on the rear wall of the vessel. Catastrophic rupture of unshielded gas-filled vessels can be avoided when the impact energy is less than a certain limit value. When the bumper is perforated, damage of shielded pressure vessel might be fatal for vessels with high gas pressure.

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